内容摘选自 B站王道考研的公开课程
3 内存
3.1 内存的基础知识
3.1.1 逻辑地址和物理地址
![image-20230226201753959](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134945326-215363594.png)
3.1.2 装入的三种方式
![image-20230226202741653](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944730-1913451152.png)
![image-20230226202800407](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844403-794377990.png)
![image-20230226203636816](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944707-1815115763.png)
3.1.3 链接的三种方式
![image-20230226203751048](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944686-866874672.png)
3.1.4 小结
![image-20230226203915267](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844443-437494425.png)
3.2 内存管理
![image-20230226204627878](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844709-1332748588.png)
3.3 覆盖与交换
![image-20230226205007886](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845628-66270002.png)
![image-20230226205503544](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844453-733969559.png)
![image-20230226205521335](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944745-365538768.png)
3.4 连续分配管理方式
3.4.1 单一连续分配方式
![image-20230226211009570](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845661-62276352.png)
3.4.2 固定分区
![image-20230226211158236](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844438-57639877.png)
3.4.3 动态分区分配
![image-20230304201518530](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134846206-419256142.png)
3.4.4 小结
![image-20230304201534777](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845203-1395947183.png)
3.5 动态分区分配算法
3.5.1 首次适应法
![image-20230304214558216](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844432-148937412.png)
3.5.2 最佳适应算法
![image-20230304214934014](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845081-86779511.png)
3.5.3 最坏适应算法
![image-20230304215128838](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845700-1310196618.png)
3.5.4 邻近适应算法
![image-20230304215359903](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844411-593174937.png)
3.5.5 小结
![image-20230304215416545](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944670-117841483.png)
3.6 基本分页存储管理的基本概念
3.6.1 基本概念
![image-20230304220134750](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944679-1117005467.png)
![image-20230304222702607](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844391-119116630.png)
3.6.2 实现地址转换
![image-20230304223347705](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944896-1736644734.png)
![image-20230304223554627](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944987-2139946749.png)
高于12位的地址表页号,低12位表页中的地址偏移量
3.6.3 逻辑地址结构
![image-20230304235954954](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844380-770867220.png)
3.6.4 页表
![image-20230305000741828](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845886-752926737.png)
![image-20230305000919480](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844445-78974182.png)
总言之 , 长度固定存放位置统一,加入块号存放的空间大小为1byte , 那么 存放第222页号的地址不就是第一个块号0x000000 + 0x000008 * 222
3.6.5 小结
![image-20230305001213492](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844833-1422000386.png)
3.7 基本地址变化机构
![image-20230305190354037](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944407-553583599.png)
![image-20230305190651359](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944376-578566207.png)
![image-20230305234430273](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844579-1958173801.png)
![image-20230305234442119](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844716-2109832268.png)
3.8 具有快表的地址变换机构
3.8.1 局部性原理
![image-20230305235012859](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944361-1244567918.png)
3.8.2 快表
![image-20230305235601488](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844842-165640525.png)
3.8.3 小结
![image-20230305235639773](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944704-1440691582.png)
3.9 两级页表
![image-20230306135633763](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944364-1448201792.png)
![image-20230306135750850](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844751-781491034.png)
![image-20230306140342164](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844492-1455787613.png)
![image-20230306140353437](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845766-795724236.png)
3.10 基本分段存储管理方式
3.10.1 分段
![image-20230306142018076](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844395-1314318260.png)
![image-20230306142239295](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944425-68499694.png)
3.10.2 段表
![image-20230306142538976](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944925-232208907.png)
3.10.3 地址变换
![image-20230306142634484](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844415-710394086.png)
![image-20230306143931176](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944945-1488853537.png)
3.10.4 分段分页管理的对比
![image-20230306144304557](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944388-1638546789.png)
![image-20230306144925469](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844742-1165362380.png)
![image-20230306145007434](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134945180-1919262418.png)
3.10.5 小结
![image-20230306145019438](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134846751-1658988381.png)
3.11 段页式管理方式
3.11.1 分页分段的优缺点
![image-20230306204856676](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844360-464545404.png)
3.11.2 分段+分页 = 段页式管理
![image-20230306210004785](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844446-765685197.png)
3.11.3 段页式管理的逻辑地址结构
![image-20230306220659163](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134846398-891662290.png)
![image-20230306221832499](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845526-1323683994.png)
3.11.4 小结
![image-20230306221852678](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944721-1332492779.png)
3.12 虚拟存储的基本概念
3.12.1 传统存储管理方式的特征、缺点
![image-20230307231019187](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845498-107231399.png)
3.12.2 局部性原理
![image-20230307231249694](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844498-2127306894.png)
3.12.3 虚拟内存的定义和特征
![image-20230307231447311](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944417-294426279.png)
3.12.4 如何实现虚拟内存技术
![image-20230308000029888](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134944406-1433146271.png)
3.12.5 小结
![image-20230308000052215](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844399-512517952.png)
3.13 页面置换算法
3.13.1 最佳置换算法
![image-20230309192117831](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844471-1401732376.png)
![image-20230309192132341](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845197-856795316.png)
3.13.2 先进先出算法
![image-20230309192837853](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844871-1358794370.png)
3.12.3 最近最久未使用置换算法
![image-20230309193408432](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134945416-1463847374.png)
3.12.4 时钟置换算法
![image-20230309193626040](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134945543-1755209267.png)
![image-20230309194713602](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845697-1202665878.png)
3.12.5 小结
![image-20230309194725477](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134845979-1445501788.png)
3.13 页面分配策略
3.13.1 页面分配、置换策略
![image-20230309195920727](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134846190-780651339.png)
![image-20230309200156009](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844696-2139847564.png)
3.13.2 何时调入页面
![image-20230309200355085](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134846084-246338694.png)
3.13.3 从何处调入页面
![image-20230309200518550](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134945217-1358792072.png)
3.13.4 抖动(颠簸)现象
![image-20230309200648103](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134844387-1358278148.png)
3.13.5 工作集
![image-20230309200830860](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134945066-868225342.png)
3.13.6 小结
![image-20230309200850175](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2161262/202303/2161262-20230318134945332-151796673.png)