基于mykernel2.0编写操作系统内核
实验要求：
1.按照https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 的说明配置mykernel 2.0，熟悉Linux内核的编译； 2.基于mykernel 2.0编写一个操作系统内核，参照https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 提供的范例代码 3.简要分析操作系统内核核心功能及运行工作机制
根据https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 的说明配置mykernel 2.0，依次执行一下操作:
wget https://raw.github.com/mengning/mykernel/master/mykernel-2.0_for_linux-5.4.34.patch
sudo apt install axel
axel -n 20 https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.4.34.tar.xz
xz -d linux-5.4.34.tar.xz
tar -xvf linux-5.4.34.tar
cd linux-5.4.34
patch -p1 < ../mykernel-2.0_for_linux-5.4.34.patch
sudo apt install build-essential libncurses-dev bison flex libssl-dev libelf-dev
make defconfig # Default configuration is based on 'x86_64_defconfig'
make -j$(nproc)
sudo apt install qemu # install QEMU
启动mykernel：
qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
my_timer_handler时钟中断处理程序周期性执行，my_start_kernel是在mymain.c中循环运行的输出
编写一个操作系统内核
首先在mykernel目录下增加一个mypcb.h头文件，用来定义进程控制块(Process Control Block)，也就是进程结构体的定义。主要有进程号、进程状态、分配存储区、保存进程的现场、进程入口等。
#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4 #define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*2 /* CPU-specific state of this task */ struct Thread { unsigned long ip; unsigned long sp; }; typedef struct PCB{ int pid; volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */ unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE]; /* CPU-specific state of this task */ struct Thread thread; unsigned long task_entry; struct PCB *next; }tPCB; void my_schedule(void);
修改mymain.c中的my_start_kernel函数，并在其中实现了my_process函数，作为进程的代码模拟一个个进程，时间片轮转调度：
#include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/string.h> #include <linux/ctype.h> #include <linux/tty.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include "mypcb.h" tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM]; tPCB * my_current_task = NULL; volatile int my_need_sched = 0; void my_process(void); void __init my_start_kernel(void) { int pid = 0; int i; /* Initialize process 0*/ task[pid].pid = pid; task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */ task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process; task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1]; task[pid].next = &task[pid]; /*fork more process */ for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++) { memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB)); task[i].pid = i; task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1]); task[i].next = task[i-1].next; task[i-1].next = &task[i]; } /* start process 0 by task[0] */ pid = 0; my_current_task = &task[pid]; asm volatile( "movq %1,%%rsp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to rsp */ "pushq %1\n\t" /* push rbp */ "pushq %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */ "ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to rip */ : : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/ ); } int i = 0; void my_process(void) { while(1) { i++; if(i%10000000 == 0) { printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid); if(my_need_sched == 1) { my_need_sched = 0; my_schedule(); } printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid); } } }
对myinterrupt.c的修改，my_timer_handler用来记录时间片，时间片消耗完之后完成调度。并在该文件中完成，my_schedule(void)函数的实现
#include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/string.h> #include <linux/ctype.h> #include <linux/tty.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include "mypcb.h" extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM]; extern tPCB * my_current_task; extern volatile int my_need_sched; volatile int time_count = 0; /* * Called by timer interrupt. * it runs in the name of current running process, * so it use kernel stack of current running process */ void my_timer_handler(void) { if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1) { printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n"); my_need_sched = 1; } time_count ++ ; return; } void my_schedule(void) { tPCB * next; tPCB * prev; if(my_current_task == NULL || my_current_task->next == NULL) { return; } printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n"); /* schedule */ next = my_current_task->next; prev = my_current_task; if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */ { my_current_task = next; printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid); /* switch to next process */ asm volatile( "pushq %%rbp\n\t" /* save rbp of prev */ "movq %%rsp,%0\n\t" /* save rsp of prev */ "movq %2,%%rsp\n\t" /* restore rsp of next */ "movq $1f,%1\n\t" /* save rip of prev */ "pushq %3\n\t" "ret\n\t" /* restore rip of next */ "1:\t" /* next process start here */ "popq %%rbp\n\t" : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip) : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip) ); } return; }
重新编译内核，结果如下：
完成从进程0到进程1 的切换
简要分析操作系统内核核心功能及运行工作机制：
内核指的是一个提供硬件抽象层、磁盘及文件系统控制、多任务等功能的系统软件。直接对硬件操作是非常复杂的，所以内核通常提供一种硬件抽象的方法来完成这些操作。内核常驻内存，包括进程调度，中断处理，时钟管理，原语操作，资源管理（进程，设备，内存）硬件抽象隐藏了复杂性，为应用软件和硬件提供了一套简洁，统一的接口，使程序设计更为简单。
