单例模式

懒汉式（线程不安全）

public class Singleton {  
    private static Singleton instance;  
    private Singleton (){}  
  
    public static Singleton getInstance() {  
    if (instance == null) {  
        instance = new Singleton();  
    }  
    return instance;  
    }  
}

懒汉式（线程安全） 加关键字synchronized

public class Singleton {  
    private static Singleton instance;  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {  
    if (instance == null) {  
        instance = new Singleton();  
    }  
    return instance;  
    }  
}

饿汉式（线程安全）

public class Singleton {  
    private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static Singleton getInstance() {  
    return instance;  
    }  
}

双检锁（安全且在多线程情况下能保持高性能）

public class Singleton {  
    private volatile static Singleton singleton;  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static Singleton getSingleton() {  
    if (singleton == null) {  
        synchronized (Singleton.class) {  
        if (singleton == null) {  
            singleton = new Singleton();  
        }  
        }  
    }  
    return singleton;  
    }  
}

其他枚举、内部类

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*使用private修饰是避免外界直接通过类直接访问变量赋值
*使用static是为了被类的getInstance调用，同时类在初始化时只会初始化一次静态变量