canal学习之数据同步（一）

一、canal的前世今生

1、阿里巴巴B2B公司，因为业务的特性，卖家主要集中在国内，买家主要集中在国外，所以衍生出了杭州和美国异地机房的需求，从2010年开始，阿里系公司开始逐步的尝试基于数据库的日志解析，获取增量变更进行同步，由此衍生出了增量订阅&消费的业务。

2、canal是用java开发的基于数据库增量日志解析，提供增量数据订阅&消费的中间件。目前，canal主要支持了MySQL的binlog解析，解析完成后才利用canal client 用来处理获得的相关数据。（数据库同步需要阿里的otter中间件，基于canal）。

3、这里我们可以简单地把canal理解为一个用来同步增量数据的一个工具：

canal通过binlog同步拿到变更数据，再发送到存储目的地，比如MySQL，Kafka，Elastic Search等多源同步。

二、canal使用场景

1、原始场景， 阿里otter中间件的一部分

2、更新缓存

3、抓取业务数据新增变化表，用于制作拉链表。( 拉链表：记录每条信息的生命周期，一旦一条记录的生命周期结束，就要重新开始一条新的记录，并把当前日期放入生效的开始日期 )

4、抓取业务表的新增变化数据，用于制作实时统计。

三、mysql数据库的主从同步

1、Master主库将改变记录，写到二进制日志(binary log)中

2、Slave从库向mysql master发送dump协议，将master主库的binary log events拷贝到它的中继日志(relay log)；

3、Slave从库读取并重做中继日志中的事件，将改变的数据同步到自己的数据库。

四、canal的运行原理

1、canal的工作原理很简单，就是把自己伪装成slave，假装从master复制数据。

五、安装使用

　　1、canal可以是单机，也可以是集群(高可用)，集群可以采用（rocketMQ和zookeeper）

　　2、阿里的canal项目地址为：https://github.com/alibaba/canal，下载链接可以在github页面点击右边的release查看各版本下载

　　3、下载安装包

# 下载安装包
wangting@ops03:/opt/software >wget https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases/download/canal-1.1.5/canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz
wangting@ops03:/opt/software >ll | grep canal
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangting wangting  60205298 Aug 17 11:23 canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz

　　4、解压安装

# 新建canal解压目录【注意】: 官方项目解压出来没有顶级canal目录，所以新建个目录用于解压组件
wangting@ops03:/opt/software >mkdir -p /opt/module/canal
wangting@ops03:/opt/software >tar -xf canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz -C /opt/module/canal/

　　5、修改canal主配置 canal.properties 

# tcp bind ip
#canal服务id，目前没有实际意义
canal.ip =
# register ip to zookeeper
canal.register.ip =
#canal服务socket监听端口，代码中连接canal-server时，使用此段口连接
canal.port = 11111
canal.metrics.pull.port = 11112

# canal admin config  管理控制台信息
canal.admin.manager = 自定义:8089
canal.admin.port = 11110
canal.admin.user = admin
canal.admin.passwd = 自定义
#zookeeper服务地址端口，多个以,分隔
canal.zkServers =xx1:2181,xx2:2181,xx3:2181
#canal持久化数据到zookeeper上的更新频率，单位毫秒
canal.zookeeper.flush.period = 1000
canal.withoutNetty = false
# tcp, kafka, rocketMQ, rabbitMQ
canal.serverMode = rocketMQ
# flush meta cursor/parse position to file
canal.file.data.dir = ${canal.conf.dir}
canal.file.flush.period = 1000
## memory store RingBuffer size, should be Math.pow(2,n)
canal.instance.memory.buffer.size = 16384
## memory store RingBuffer used memory unit size , default 1kb
canal.instance.memory.buffer.memunit = 1024 
## meory store gets mode used MEMSIZE or ITEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.batch.mode = MEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.rawEntry = true
## detecing config
#是否开启心跳检查
canal.instance.detecting.enable = true
#canal.instance.detecting.sql = insert into retl.xdual values(1,now()) on duplicate key update x=now()
canal.instance.detecting.sql = select 1
#心跳检查频率，单位秒
canal.instance.detecting.interval.time = 3
#心跳检查失败重试次数
canal.instance.detecting.retry.threshold = 3
#心跳检查失败后，是否开启自动mysql自动切换
canal.instance.detecting.heartbeatHaEnable = true

# support maximum transaction size, more than the size of the transaction will be cut into multiple transactions delivery
canal.instance.transaction.size =  1024
# mysql fallback connected to new master should fallback times
canal.instance.fallbackIntervalInSeconds = 60

# network config
canal.instance.network.receiveBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.sendBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.soTimeout = 30

# binlog filter config
#是否使用druid处理所有的ddl解析来获取库和表名
canal.instance.filter.druid.ddl = true
#是否忽略dcl语句
canal.instance.filter.query.dcl = true
#是否忽略dml语句
canal.instance.filter.query.dml = true
#是否忽略ddl语句
canal.instance.filter.query.ddl = false
canal.instance.filter.table.error = false
canal.instance.filter.rows = false
canal.instance.filter.transaction.entry = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.insert = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.update = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.delete = false

# binlog format/image check
canal.instance.binlog.format = ROW,STATEMENT,MIXED 
canal.instance.binlog.image = FULL,MINIMAL,NOBLOB

# binlog ddl isolation
canal.instance.get.ddl.isolation = false

# parallel parser config
canal.instance.parser.parallel = true
## concurrent thread number, default 60% available processors, suggest not to exceed Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
#canal.instance.parser.parallelThreadSize = 16
## disruptor ringbuffer size, must be power of 2
canal.instance.parser.parallelBufferSize = 256

# table meta tsdb info 管理canal配置数据
canal.instance.tsdb.enable = false
#canal.instance.tsdb.dir = ${canal.file.data.dir:../conf}/${canal.instance.destination:}
canal.instance.tsdb.url = jdbc:mysql://ip:3306/canal_manager
canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername = canal
canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword = canal
# dump snapshot interval, default 24 hour 生成快照间隔时间
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.interval = 1
# purge snapshot expire , default 360 hour(15 days) 快照过期时间
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.expire = 360

#################################################
#########         destinations        #############
#################################################
canal.destinations = 
# conf root dir 配置目录
canal.conf.dir = ../conf
canal.log.dir = /home/ops/logs/canal/
# auto scan instance dir add/remove and start/stop instance 自动扫描
canal.auto.scan = true  
canal.auto.scan.interval = 5
# set this value to 'true' means that when binlog pos not found, skip to latest.
# WARN: pls keep 'false' in production env, or if you know what you want.
canal.auto.reset.latest.pos.mode = false

#canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/h2-tsdb.xml
canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/mysql-tsdb.xml

canal.instance.global.mode = manager
canal.instance.global.lazy = false
canal.instance.global.manager.address = ${canal.admin.manager}
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/memory-instance.xml
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/file-instance.xml
canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/default-instance.xml

##################################################
#########           MQ Properties      #############
##################################################
# aliyun ak/sk , support rds/mq
canal.aliyun.accessKey =
canal.aliyun.secretKey =
canal.aliyun.uid=

canal.mq.flatMessage = true
canal.mq.canalBatchSize = 50
canal.mq.canalGetTimeout = 100
# Set this value to "cloud", if you want open message trace feature in aliyun.
canal.mq.accessChannel = local

canal.mq.database.hash = true
canal.mq.send.thread.size = 30
canal.mq.build.thread.size = 8

##################################################
#########              Kafka              #############
##################################################
kafka.bootstrap.servers = 127.0.0.1:6667
kafka.acks = all
kafka.compression.type = none
kafka.batch.size = 16384
kafka.linger.ms = 1
kafka.max.request.size = 1048576
kafka.buffer.memory = 33554432
kafka.max.in.flight.requests.per.connection = 1
kafka.retries = 0

kafka.kerberos.enable = false
kafka.kerberos.krb5.file = "../conf/kerberos/krb5.conf"
kafka.kerberos.jaas.file = "../conf/kerberos/jaas.conf"

##################################################
#########             RocketMQ         #############
##################################################
rocketmq.producer.group = canal-producer
rocketmq.enable.message.trace = false
rocketmq.customized.trace.topic =
rocketmq.namespace =
rocketmq.namesrv.addr = ip:9876;ip:9876;ip:9876
rocketmq.retry.times.when.send.failed = 0
rocketmq.vip.channel.enabled = false
rocketmq.tag = 

##################################################
#########             RabbitMQ         #############
##################################################
rabbitmq.host =
rabbitmq.virtual.host =
rabbitmq.exchange =
rabbitmq.username =
rabbitmq.password =
rabbitmq.deliveryMode =

 六、页面配置

　　1、访问地址http://ip:8089/#/canalServer/nodeServers登录

 

 　　2、新建server

 

 

 　　3、新建Instance

#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
# canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=0

# enable gtid use true/false  开启使用mysql事务ID
canal.instance.gtidon=false

# position info 需要监控的数据库地址
canal.instance.master.address= ip:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
# 控制获取日志时候的起始位置
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=

#canal.instance.standby.address = ip:3306
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =

# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=

# table meta tsdb info  canal存放需要监控的表结构及用户，解决表结构变更出现的冲突问题
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://ip:3306/canal_tsdb
canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal

#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=

# username/password 
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==

# table regex  需要监控的表
canal.instance.filter.regex=isv_ali_prod_start_store\\.qualification,isv_ali_prod_start_store\\.qualification_attribute
# table black regex
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch

# mq config 监控数据存放topic
canal.mq.topic=dev_canal_merchant_binlog_test
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
canal.mq.partitionsNum=48
canal.mq.partitionHash=.*\\..*:$pk$
#################################################

 

借鉴博客：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_27818621/article/details/121357499