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CMake基础 第8节 包含第三方库

介绍

几乎所有重要的项目都需要包含第三方库、头文件或程序。CMake支持使用find_package()函数查找这些工具的路径。这将从CMAKE_MODULE_PATH中的文件夹列表中搜索格式为FindXXX.cmake的CMake模块。在Linux上,默认搜索路径将包含/usr/share/cmake/Modules。在我的系统上,这包括对大约1420个通用第三方库的支持。

本教程中的文件如下:

$ tree
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── main.cpp
  • [CMakeLists.txt] - 包含要运行的CMake命令

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
    
    # Set the project name
    project (third_party_include)
    
    
    # find a boost install with the libraries filesystem and system
    find_package(Boost 1.46.1 REQUIRED COMPONENTS filesystem system)
    
    # check if boost was found
    if(Boost_FOUND)
        message ("boost found")
    else()
        message (FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find Boost")
    endif()
    
    # Add an executable
    add_executable(third_party_include main.cpp)
    
    # link against the boost libraries
    target_link_libraries( third_party_include
        PRIVATE
            Boost::filesystem
    )
    
  • [main.cpp] - 具有main的源文件

    #include <iostream>
    #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
    #include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        std::cout << "Hello Third Party Include!" << std::endl;
    
        // use a shared ptr
        boost::shared_ptr<int> isp(new int(4));
    
        // trivial use of boost filesystem
        boost::filesystem::path path = "/usr/share/cmake/modules";
        if(path.is_relative())
        {
            std::cout << "Path is relative" << std::endl;
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "Path is not relative" << std::endl;
        }
    
       return 0;
    }
    

要求

此示例要求将Boost库安装在默认系统位置。

sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev -y

概念

查找一个包

如上所述,find_package()函数将从CMAKE_MODULE_PATH中的文件夹列表中搜索格式为FindXXX.cmake的CMake模块。find_package的参数的确切格式将取决于你要查找的模块。这通常记录在文件FindXXX.cmake的顶部

下面是查找Boost的基本示例:

find_package(Boost 1.46.1 REQUIRED COMPONENTS filesystem system)

这些参数是:

  • Boost -库的名称。这是用于查找模块文件FindBoost.cmake的一部分。
  • 1.46.1 - 要查找的Boost的最低版本。
  • REQUIRED - 告诉模块这是必需的,如果失败,则找不到该模块。
  • COMPONENTS - 要查找的库列表。

Boost includes可以接受更多参数,还可以利用其他变量。更复杂的设置将在后面的示例中提供。

检查是否找到该包

大多数包含的软件包都会设置一个变量XXX_FOUND,该变量可用于检查该软件包在系统上是否可用。

在本例中,变量为BOOST_FOUND

if(Boost_FOUND)
    message ("boost found")
    include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
else()
    message (FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find Boost")
endif()

导出变量

在找到包之后,它通常会导出变量,这些变量可以告诉用户在哪里可以找到库、头文件或可执行文件。与XXX_FOUND变量类似,它们是特定于包的,通常记录在FindXXX.cmake文件的顶部。

本例中导出的变量包括:

  • Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS - Boost头文件的路径

在某些情况下,你还可以通过使用ccmake或cmake-gui检查缓存来检查这些变量。

别名/导入目标

大多数现代CMake库在其模块文件中导出别名目标。导入目标的好处在于,它们还可以填充头文件目录和链接库。

例如,从CMake的3.5版开始,Boost模块就支持此功能。

类似于将你自己的别名目标用于库,模块中的别名可以让引用找到的目标变得更容易。

在Boost的例子中,所有目标通过使用标识符Boost::加子模块的名字来导出。例如,你可以使用:

  • Boost::boost 仅适用于库的头文件
  • Boost::system 对于Boost系统库
  • Boost::filesystem 对于文件系统库

与你自己的目标一样,这些目标包含它们的依赖项,因此链接到 Boost::filesystem 将自动添加 Boost::boostBoost::system依赖。

要链接到导入的目标,可以使用以下命令:

  target_link_libraries( third_party_include
      PRIVATE
          Boost::filesystem
  )

非别名目标

虽然大多数现代库使用导入的目标,但并非所有模块都已更新。在库尚未更新的情况下,你通常会发现以下变量可用:

  • xxx_INCLUDE_DIRS - 指向库的include目录的变量
  • xxx_LIBRARY - 指向库路径的变量.

然后,可以将这些文件添加到target_include_directory和target_link_library中:

# Include the boost headers
target_include_directories( third_party_include
    PRIVATE ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

# link against the boost libraries
target_link_libraries( third_party_include
    PRIVATE
    ${Boost_SYSTEM_LIBRARY}
    ${Boost_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY}
)

构建示例

$ mkdir build

$ cd build/

$ cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Boost version: 1.54.0
-- Found the following Boost libraries:
--   filesystem
--   system
boost found
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/H-third-party-library/build

$ make
Scanning dependencies of target third_party_include
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/third_party_include.dir/main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable third_party_include
[100%] Built target third_party_include
matrim@freyr:~/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/H-third-party-library/build$ ./
CMakeFiles/          third_party_include
matrim@freyr:~/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/H-third-party-library/build$ ./third_party_include
Hello Third Party Include!
Path is not relative
$ cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Boost version: 1.54.0
-- Found the following Boost libraries:
--   filesystem
--   system
boost found
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/H-third-party-library/build

$ make
Scanning dependencies of target third_party_include
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/third_party_include.dir/main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable third_party_include
[100%] Built target third_party_include

$ ./third_party_include
Hello Third Party Include!
Path is not relative
posted @ 2021-07-28 11:28  橘崽崽啊  阅读(1261)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报