Cobbler自动化装机

cobbler

Cobbler是一个Linux系统安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。 Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。 Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

通过点点点就可以创建系统以及ks文件。

官网：http://cobbler.github.io/

环境准备

准备好linux机器
[root@cobbler ~]# hostname
cobbler
加上一个本地hosts解析
[root@cobbler ~]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
10.0.0.50 cobbler

安装coobler

1.yum自动化安装即可，提前配置好yum源
[root@cobbler ~]# yum install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd python-django -y
2.检查软件包 
[root@cobbler ~]# rpm -qa cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd python-django 
cobbler-web-2.8.5-6.el7.noarch
dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64
tftp-server-5.2-22.el7.x86_64
cobbler-2.8.5-6.el7.x86_64
httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
pykickstart-1.99.66.22-1.el7.noarch
3.启动cobbler,与http
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl is-active cobblerd
active
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl is-active httpd
active
4.检查cobbler配置
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check

修改cobbler配置

1.修改配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings ，修改如下参数
# 备份配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.bak}
# 防止误重装
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
# 配置Cobbler统一管理DHCP
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
# 配置DHCP Cobbler模版，这里sed提供了备份功能
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i.ori 's#192.168.1#10.0.0#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 

2.根据cobbler check依次修改配置文件，修改如下配置，注意改了之后要重启cobblerd服务,才可以生效
# 请注意,填写ip地址
# 修改/etc/cobbler/settings
[root@cobbler ~]# grep -E -n  '^server|^next' /etc/cobbler/settings
278:next_server: 10.0.0.50
390:server: 10.0.0.50
# 修改xinetd配置文件, /etc/xinetd.d/tftp ，因为xinetd是管理tftp的，我们用cobbler去管理了
disable                 = no
# 需要安装驱动，cobbler要控制其他机器


# 还需要用到rsync服务，开启该服务
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart  rsyncd
# 修改cobbler安装的系统，默认的密码是"cobbler",可以改下
  [root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1
  Password:
  Verifying - Password:
  $1$5eZ//t9W$X79SpNdtVvC9f2mWzkJqv1
# 在配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings修改默认root密码为，123456
default_password_crypted: "$1$5eZ//t9W$X79SpNdtVvC9f2mWzkJqv1."
# 修改有关cobbler脑裂配置，可以使用fencing tools


# 改完如上配置，重启cooblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
# 再次检查，吧修改的配置，让其生效
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
# 剩下的报错无所谓
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

重启核心服务

[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd httpd tftp.socket rsyncd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl is-active cobblerd httpd tftp.socket rsyncd.service
active
active
active
active

访问cobbler web

访问站点是

# 必须用https协议
https://10.0.0.50/cobbler_web
账户密码都是cobbler

进入首页

导入系统镜像

在cobbler web界面，导入dvd-iso镜像文件信息

cobbler web镜像存放点在

[root@cobbler ks_mirror]# pwd
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror

在vmware里挂在好光盘，进行mount

[root@cobbler ks_mirror]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@cobbler ks_mirror]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 475M     0  475M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    487M  7.7M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  2.2G   15G  13% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  138M  877M  14% /boot
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                 4.4G  4.4G     0 100% /mnt

配置如图所示

在linux中检查cobbler导入操作

[root@cobbler ks_mirror]# cd /var/www/cobbler
[root@cobbler cobbler]# ls
images  ks_mirror  links  localmirror  misc  pub  rendered  repo_mirror  svc
[root@cobbler cobbler]# du -sh .
4.5G    .
# cobbler默认是调用rsync进行同步数据

导入结束

apache显示cobbler镜像站点

http://10.0.0.50/cobbler/

cobbler-web

新建vmware虚拟机

测试用cobbler自动装机，创建方式和手动安装方式一样，注意：

内存大小
添加网络适配器
删除usb
关闭dvd开机链接

出现如下页面，正常

该界面由pxe启动文件控制

[root@cobbler cobbler]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT local

LABEL local
        MENU LABEL (local)
        MENU DEFAULT
        LOCALBOOT -1

LABEL centos7-x86_64
        kernel /images/centos7-x86_64/vmlinuz
        MENU LABEL centos7-x86_64
        append initrd=/images/centos7-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=  kssendmac text  ks=http://10.0.0.50/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos7-x86_64
        ipappend 2



MENU end

自动安装，选择第二个

装机使用的ks文件在这，cobbler生成的

创建自定义系统ks文件

# Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by junwu
install
# $tree 是在cobbler-web中Distros配置中Kickstart Metadata定义的变量，在这个电脑上，地址就是
http://172.18.41.133/cblr/links/CentOS7-x86_64/
url --url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# 有关自定义的网络配置，设置静态ip
# network  --bootproto=static --device=eth0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --ip=10.0.0.102 --nameserver=223.5.5.5 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --activate
# network  --bootproto=static --device=eth1 --ip=10.0.0.105 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --activate
# network  --hostname=Cobbler
# network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth1 --onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS7
# cobbler网络配置，这里的配置目录在
$SNIPPET('networl_config')
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

# 设置root密码，用变量替换，该变量在cobbler-web的setting中
rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024
part swap --size 1024
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow

# 服务配置
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot

#定义安装前的工作
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# 监控系统安装过程
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

# 安装软件包
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet 
wget 
vim 
bash-completion
%end

%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end

此时可以去cobbler-web添加我们定义的ks文件模板，

复制粘贴即可，但是注意，不支持中文，所以中文注释都给删掉吧

该文件存放在linux上

[root@cobbler kickstarts]# pwd
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# ll
total 60
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1253 Jul 25 13:29 CentOS-7-X86_64.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  115 Dec 26  2019 default.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   22 Dec 26  2019 esxi4-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   22 Dec 26  2019 esxi5-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   56 Jul 22 01:20 install_profiles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1424 Dec 26  2019 legacy.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  292 Dec 26  2019 pxerescue.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2825 Dec 26  2019 sample_autoyast.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1856 Dec 26  2019 sample_end.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Dec 26  2019 sample_esx4.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  324 Dec 26  2019 sample_esxi4.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  386 Dec 26  2019 sample_esxi5.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  386 Dec 26  2019 sample_esxi6.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1913 Dec 26  2019 sample.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3419 Dec 26  2019 sample_old.seed
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6694 Dec 26  2019 sample.seed

配置cobbler读取自定义的ks文件

cobbler默认读取的是

sample_end.ks 
改为
CentOS-7-X86_64.ks

可以再创建个ens34

最后点击save保存

最后点击cobbler-web的sync按钮，等同于命令行执行cobbler sync

posted @ 2023-07-26 01:53 Junwu’sblog 阅读(178) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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