监听TCP端口号:从简单Socket到NIO到Netty
一、思路
1. 监听端口:在服务器端创建一个ServerSocket对象,去监听某个端口
2. 创建连接:通过serverSocket.accept() 创建一个Socket对象,等待客户端连接,当有客户端连接到这个端口,Socket对象就创建成功
3. 接收消息:client.getInputStream() 阻塞式接收客户端往这个端口发送的消息
二、简单代码实现
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { int port = 8234; // 1. 创建ServerSocket对象,去监听端口号 try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port)) { System.out.println("启动程序监听8234端口..."); Socket client = null; Boolean flag = true; while (flag) { // 2. 创建Socket对象去等待客户端连接 client = serverSocket.accept(); System.out.println("客户端" + client.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "连接到服务器..."); // 3. 当客户端连接上之后,创建一个线程去处理这个客户端发送的数据,然后等待下一个客户端的连接 new Thread(new ProcessDataThread(client)).start(); } client.close(); System.out.println("服务器关闭"); } }
public class ProcessDataThread implements Runnable { private Socket client; public ProcessDataThread(Socket socket) { this.client = socket; } @Override public void run() { try { // 1. 获取客户端发送过来的消息,此时是通过二进制流获取,也可以用InputStreamReader通过字符串接收 try (InputStream in = client.getInputStream()) { byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; while ((in.read(buffer)) != -1) { try { // 2. 处理数据,如果处理发生异常,不影响下次接收数据 } catch (Exception ex) { System.out.println("处理数据发生异常:" + ex); } } } } catch (Exception ex) { System.out.println("客户端连接发生异常:" + ex); } } }
三、NIO优化,但强烈不建议使用Java原生的NIO
1. 单线程
2. 多线程优化,对应上面的代码
3. 线程池优化
对于每一个请求,单独开一个线程进行相应的逻辑处理,如果客户端的数据传递是断断续续的,相应的线程需要I/O等待(有阻塞),并进行上线文切换(耗资源)
4. 使用NIO的Selector机制,提升程序并发效率
a. Channel用于连接和传输
b. Buffer 用于存储
c. 用于管理请求
四、Netty优化
1. Netty是对NIO的进一步封装
2. Netty代码
<dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.6.Final</version> </dependency>
public class NettyServer { public static void main(String[] args) { ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); NioEventLoopGroup boos = new NioEventLoopGroup(); NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup(); serverBootstrap .group(boos, worker) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() { protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) { ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String>() { @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) { System.out.println(msg); } }); } }) .bind(8000); } }
public class NettyClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); bootstrap.group(group) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(Channel ch) { ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder()); } }); Channel channel = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000).channel(); while (true) { channel.writeAndFlush(new Date() + ": hello world!"); Thread.sleep(2000); } } }
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36278071/article/details/79151422
https://www.cnblogs.com/snailclimb/p/9086334.html