day4 切片,数据类型
day5:
序列,可以使用切片
序列类型:字符串,列表,元祖
特点:可以通过坐标来取值,坐标从0开始
>>> s = "agfdagsgsdgsa"
>>> print(s[0])
a
>>> print(s[1])
g
>>> s = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> print(s[1])
2
>>> print(s[0])
1
>>> print(s[:-1])
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> print(s[-1:])
[6]
>>> print(s[-1])
6
练习:取11个元素中间的
>>> l = list(range(11))
>>> l[len(l)//2]
5
list 切片 l[1:3:1] 开始,开区间,步长,步长可以为正,也可以为负
max,min,[1,2,3]*3
>>> l[6:10]
[6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> l[::-2]
[10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0]
练习:s = "gloryroad is good!" 取出road和oo并拼接起来
>>> s = "gloryroad is good!"
>>> s1 = s[5:9]
>>> s1
'road'
>>> s2 = s[14:16]
>>> s2
'oo'
>>> s1+s2
'roadoo'
判断是否是列表:
isinstance(l,list)
True
增:append,insert
a = []
a.append(1)
a.insert(0,2)
删:del remove
del a[1]
a.remove(1) 删除的是值
改:a[1] = 'abc'
查:
a.pop(1) 弹出
>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = [4,5,6]
>>> a.append(b) append 是追加的模式
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, [4, 5, 6]]
>>> a.extend(b) extend 会把list拆分,然后在组合,而不是当成一个list整体加入到a当中
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, [4, 5, 6], 4, 5, 6]
元祖 tuple 元祖不能改,不能添加不能修改,取值方法和列表一样
b = (1,2,3)
>>> isinstance(b,tuple)
[0, 1, 2, [4, 5, 6]]
>>> aa[3].append(7)
>>> aa
[0, 1, 2, [4, 5, 6, 7]]
>>> aa[3].remove(6)
字典:Key 是唯一的
d = {}
d[1] = 'a'
d[2] = 'b'
dict(a=1,b=2,c="3")
del d[1]
list(d.items())
for i in d.keys():
print(i)
for i in d.values():
print(i)
for i,m in d.items():
print(i,":",m)
list(d.items())
练习:
1.求全部元素的和 [1,2,1,2,3,3,3,3] 遍历
a = [1,2,1,2,3,3,3,3]
sum = 0
n = len(a)-1
while n>=0:
sum+=a[n]
n-=1
关键点:n = len(a)-1 获取到列表的最后一个值,此时n=7 a[7]=3,因为n>7满足while条件,所以sum=0+3,然后n=7-1 接着执行while,直到n=0,0-1<0时结束
2.求偶数元素的和 [1,2,1,2,3,3,3,3] 切片
a = [1,2,1,2,3,3,3,3]
aa = []
for i in a:
if i%2 == 0:
aa.appen(i)
sum = 0
n = len(aa)-1
while n>=0:
sum+=aa[n]
n-=1
3.统计所有数字出现的个数 [1,2,1,2,3,3,3,3] 字典
a = [1,2,1,2,3,3,3,3]
f = {}
for i in a:
f[i]=0
len(f)
学习最大的乐趣在于分享,我是绝世老中医,欢迎来诊
个人qq:1978529954