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Android 4学习(6):概述 - 深入了解Android Activity

参考:《Professional Android 4 Application Development

深入了解Android Activity

每一个Android Activity都对应于一个用户界面(UI)。每个Android Application都有一个main Activity,而这个main Activity大多由多个Fragment组成,而这些Fragment后面往往都由一个或多个secondary Activity支持。当用户在不同的界面(窗口)切换时,Android会生成对应的新Activity

创建Activity

Android提供了Activity类,在编写自己的Activity时,程序员需要继承Activity并重载里面的方法。例如:

package cn.jubincn.activities;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MyActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
}   

 

空白的Activity对应的是一个空白屏幕,因此我们需要添加FragmentLayoutViewUI元素来定制自己的Activity。大部分Activity会占据整个屏幕,除此之外,还有一些半透明的Activity和浮动的Activity


Android应用程序中,用户交互界面和数据的显示是由View来提供的。Android中的layout类,也叫ViewGroup,可以将View打包进行管理。Fragment则用来组织界面元素,从而更方便地适配不同的界面。Activity设置界面的方法有两种,一种是创建View类,将其设置到Activity中;另一种是将layout文件设置到Activity中,然后Inflate对应的Activity

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    TextView textView = new TextView(this);
    setContentView(textView);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);
}
<activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name=".MyActivity">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
    </intent-filter>
</activity>

Activity生命周期

Activity的生命周期可以决定Process的优先级,并且Activity需要对生命周期事件进行适当地响应才能提供更好的用户体验。

Activity Stacks

Activity的状态决定于它在Activity Stack中的位置。Activity Stack遵循Stack的“先进后出”的规则:当一个Activity刚被创建时,它会移到栈顶;若用户点击go back按钮,或关闭当

Activity时,栈顶的Activity会被弹出,第二个Activity成为新的栈顶Activity

Activity State

Activity的生命周期中,有这几种状态:

  • Active:在栈顶的Activity,具有最高的优先级,Android会竭力满足它对资源的需求。当其他Activity变为Active状态时,此Activity的状态会变为Paused
  • Paused:处于这个状态的Activity的部分或全部对用户可见,但无法接受用户的输入。
  • Stopped:当Activity对用户不可见时,它将转为Stopped状态。此时尽管Activity仍会保留在内存中,但当系统资源紧张时,它会被回收掉。
  • Inactive:Activity在启动之前,或被kill之后,处于Inactive状态。

监听并响应Activity State的变化

Activity需要在State发生变化时作出相应的反应,为此AndroidActivity的生命周期事件提供了很多相关的ActionHandler,下图展示了Activity的几个生命周期:

对应的代码:

package cn.jubincn.activities;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class MyStateChangeActivity extends Activity {
  // Called at the start of the full lifetime.
  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  // Initialize Activity and inflate the UI.
  }
  // Called after onCreate has finished, use to restore UI state
  @Override
  public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
    // Restore UI state from the savedInstanceState.
    // This bundle has also been passed to onCreate. Will only be called if the Activity has been killed by the system since it was last visible.
  }
  // Called before subsequent visible lifetimes for an Activity process.
  @Override
  public void onRestart(){
    super.onRestart();
    // Load changes knowing that the Activity has already been visible within this process.
  }
  // Called at the start of the visible lifetime.
  @Override
  public void onStart(){
    super.onStart();
  // Apply any required UI change now that the Activity is visible.
  }
  // Called at the start of the active lifetime.
  @Override
  public void onResume(){
    super.onResume();
    // Resume any paused UI updates, threads, or processes required
    // by the Activity but suspended when it was inactive.
  }
  // Called to save UI state changes at the end of the active lifecycle.
  @Override
  public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // Save UI state changes to the savedInstanceState.
    // This bundle will be passed to onCreate and onRestoreInstanceState if the process is killed and restarted by the run time.
    super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
  }
  // Called at the end of the active lifetime.
  @Override
  public void onPause(){
    // Suspend UI updates, threads, or CPU intensive processes that don’t need to be updated when the Activity isn't the active foreground Activity.
    super.onPause();
  }
  // Called at the end of the visible lifetime.
  @Override
  public void onStop(){
    // Suspend remaining UI updates, threads, or processing that aren’t required when the Activity isn’t visible.
    // Persist all edits or state changes as after this call the process is likely to be killed.
    super.onStop();
  }
  // Sometimes called at the end of the full lifetime.
  @Override
  public void onDestroy(){
    // Clean up any resources including ending threads, closing database connections etc.
    super.onDestroy();
  }
}

 

 

 


 

 


posted on 2013-10-14 17:04  jubincn  阅读(212)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报