使用datax实现增量同步mysql数据库数据(定时任务)

使用datax来做数据全量同步很简单,增量同步该怎样做呢,接下来就一起试试吧

1.下载datax(前提CentOS已安装jdk等运行环境),解压(路径自定),使用centos7自带的python执行datax.py,运行自检

wget http://datax-opensource.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/datax.tar.gz
tar -zxvf datax.tar.gz  && mv datax /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/datax/bin/
python datax.py  /usr/local/datax/job/job.json

如果报错参考这篇博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/juanxincai/p/16258154.html

下面是解决办法

cd /usr/local/datax/plugin/reader
ll -a
[root@Data1 reader]# ll -a
total 76
drwxr-xr-x 21 502 games 4096 Feb 19 21:05 .
drwxr-xr-x  4 502 games   66 Feb 19 21:05 ..
drwxr-xr-x  3 502 games  224 Feb 19 21:05 cassandrareader
-rwxr-xr-x  1 502 games  212 Oct 12  2019 ._cassandrareader
....
删除._开头语文件
rm -f ._*
cd /usr/local/datax/plugin/writer/
rm -f ._*

可以看到,自检成功

同步思路:

使用python查询数据源库表,查询到的最后一条数据的时间保存在一个txt文件中,下次执行再读取,加上cron任务从而定时同步时间间隔中的数据(增量同步)

想用pymysql就得升级python3,centos7自带python2,安装看这里:https://www.cnblogs.com/juanxincai/p/16280031.html

安装完成后再运行自检,执行报错看这里:https://www.cnblogs.com/juanxincai/p/16284779.html

接下来需要4个东西:

1,执行读取和写入的mysqltomysql.json,(我这里文件名叫new.json)里面有数据源库表的信息,读取的字段等设置,并且接收外部传入的两个时间参数(格式化为时间戳),路径为/usr/local/datax/job下,修改注意格式为标准json,格式化无问题再使用

{
    "job": {
        "content": [
            {
                "reader": {
                    "name": "mysqlreader",
                    "parameter": {
                        "username": "用户名",
                        "password": "密码",
                        "where": "data_time >= FROM_UNIXTIME(${create_time}) and data_time  < FROM_UNIXTIME(${end_time})",
                        "column": [
                            "id","data_time","name","age","insert_time"
                        ],
                        "connection": [
                            {
                                "table": [
                                    "表名"
                                ],
                                "jdbcUrl": [
                                    "jdbc:mysql://数据源IP:3306/数据库名?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "writer": {
                    "name": "mysqlwriter",
                    "parameter": {
                        "writeMode": "update",
                        "username": "用户名",
                        "password": "密码",
                        "column": [
                            "id","data_time","name","age","insert_time"
                        ],
                        "connection": [
                            {
                                "jdbcUrl": "jdbc:mysql://目标库IP:3306/数据库名?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8",
                                "table": [
                                    "表名"
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                }
            }
        ],
        "setting": {
            "speed": {
                "channel": 6
            }
        }
    }
}

2.定时执行的python脚本,用于获取数据源库表最后一条数据时间并写入txt文件,执行datax.py运行上面的new.json(文件名:mysql2mysqlexecute.py)

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding: utf-8
import subprocess as sp
import time,os,sys
import pymysql
import pickle

print ("going to execute")

configFilePath = sys.argv[1]
logFilePath = sys.argv[2]
lastDataTime=""


def save_variable(v, filename):
    f = open(filename, 'wb')
    pickle.dump(v, f)
    f.close()
    return filename

def load_variavle(filename):
    ff = open(filename, 'rb')
    r = pickle.load(ff,encoding ="UTF-8")
    ff.close()
    return r
	
startTime=load_variavle('/usr/local/datax/job/tempTime.txt')  #这个就是存放临时时间变量的txt文件,注意编码格式,读取起始时间

def do_sql(sql):
	db = pymysql.connect(host = '数据源库IP',port = 3306,user = '用户名',passwd = '密码',db = '数据库名')
#创建连接(连接数据库)
	cursor = db.cursor()  #创建游标
	cursor = db.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)   #设置游标格式为字典格式,即取值时会以字典的形式呈现
	cursor.execute(sql) #执行sql语句
	rs=cursor.fetchall() 
	#for r in rs: 
	#print (r)
	content=rs
	db.commit()  #提交,以保存执行结果
	cursor.close()   #关闭游标
	db.close()     #关闭连接
	x = rs[0]['dataTime']
	return x;
	
print("startTime=",startTime) #输出格式化的同步开始日期
startTimeArray = time.strptime(startTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
startTimeStamp = int(time.mktime(startTimeArray))

sql='SELECT CAST(data_time AS CHAR) as dataTime FROM 表名 ORDER BY data_time DESC LIMIT 1'	

lastDataTime = do_sql(sql)
print("endTime=",lastDataTime)
lastDataTimeArray = time.strptime(lastDataTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
lastDataTimeTimeStamp = int(time.mktime(lastDataTimeArray))

try:
	script2execute  = "/usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/datax/bin/datax.py %s -p \"-Dcreate_time=%s -Dend_time=%s\" >> %s"%(configFilePath,startTimeStamp,lastDataTimeTimeStamp,logFilePath)
	print("to be excute script:",script2execute)
	os.system(script2execute)
	#sp.run(script2execute)
except IOError:
		print(IOError) 

print("script execute ending")

save_variable(lastDataTime,'/usr/local/datax/job/tempTime.txt') #保存临时时间变量作为下次的开始时间

print("ending---")

3.定时执行同步任务的sh脚本:(文件名:timeMission.sh),这里可以看到执行的时候将new.json文件位置传入,还有日志的路径

#! /bin/bash
source /etc/profile

/usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/datax/job/mysql2mysqlexecute.py  '/usr/local/datax/job/new.json'  '/usr/local/datax/job/test_job.log'   '/usr/loal/datax/job/test_job.record'

4.可以看到上面的读取与存放临时时间变量的文件名叫做:tempTime.txt ,自己新建就好,注意路径和编码格式

既然用到了sh,就记得给脚本赋予执行权限

chmod +x ./xxx.sh

接下来就可以编写定时任务,这里我们使用corntab,有问题参考这篇:https://www.cnblogs.com/juanxincai/p/15852374.html

crontab -e
SHELL=/bin/bash
 */5 * * * *  /usr/local/datax/job/timeMission.sh

退出保存 :wq 加上这两行,代表每5分钟执行一次timeMission.sh,也就是五分钟同步一次

crontab -l

可以看到,我们的定时任务已经写入

systemctl reload crond.service
systemctl restart crond.service

重启和重新加载cron服务,查看任务执行日志输出

tail -f /var/spool/mail/root

再看一下datax的运行日志

 tail -200f /usr/local/datax/job/test_job.log 

可以看到,数据已同步,具体还可以优化,请参考datax官方文档,搭建运行中间不要怕出问题,大胆尝试细心排错,有可能格式,执行权限,文件编码都会造成执行不成功,祝大家一次同步成功

 

 

posted @ 2022-05-20 17:42  卷心菜的奇妙历险  阅读(5018)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报