转：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52813907/article/details/127262304
1 nginx常见的配置文件
1.1 启动默认配置文件nginx.conf
默认启动nginx时，使用的配置文件是：安装路径/conf/nginx.conf文件
可以在启动nginx时通过-c选项来指定要读取的配置文件
1.2 nginx配置文件作用
配置文件 作用
nginx.conf nginx的基本配置文件
mime.types MIME类型关联的扩展文件
fastcgi.conf 与fastcgi相关的配置
proxy.conf 与proxy相关的配置
sites.conf 配置nginx提供的网站，包括虚拟主机常见的配置文件及其作用
2 nginx.conf配置主要内容
2.1 主要配置内容
1）main配置段：全局配置段。其中main配置段中可能包含event配置段
2）event {}：定义event模型工作特性
3）http {}：定义http协议相关的配置
2.2 语法格式
配置指令：要以分号结尾，语法格式如下：
derective value1 [value2 …];
2.3 支持使用变量
1）内置变量：模块会提供内建变量定义
2）自定义变量：set var_name value
3 用于调试、定位问题的配置参数
3.1 参数
daemon {on|off}; //是否以守护进程方式运行nginx，调试时应设置为off
master_process {on|off}; //是否以master/worker模型来运行nginx，调试时可以设置为off
error_log 位置 级别; //配置错误日志
3.2 error_log说明
位置和级别能有以下可选项
4 正常运行必备的配置参数
4.1 参数
user USERNAME [GROUPNAME]; //指定运行worker进程的用户和组
pid /path/to/pid_file; //指定nginx守护进程的pid文件
worker_rlimit_nofile number; //设置所有worker进程最大可以打开的文件数，默认为1024
worker_rlimit_core size; //指明所有worker进程所能够使用的总体的最大核心文件大小，保持默认即可
4.2 user USERNAME [GROUPNAME]说明
指定运行worker进程的用户和组
user USERNAME [GROUPNAME]; //指定运行worker进程的用户和组
[root@nginx ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 37811 1 0 14:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 37812 37811 0 14:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 37815 15614 0 14:23 pts/1 00:00:00 vim nginx.conf
root 37845 37821 0 14:23 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
修改指定运行worker进程的用户
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
...省略部分
[root@nginx conf]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@nginx ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 37858 1 0 14:26 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody 37859 37858 0 14:26 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 37862 37821 0 14:27 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
4.3 pid /path/to/pid_file说明
指定nginx守护进程的pid文件
[root@nginx ~]# find / -name nginx.pid
/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid /opt/nginx.pid;
...省略部分
[root@nginx conf]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@nginx ~]# find / -name nginx.pid
/opt/nginx.pid
4.4 worker_rlimit_nofile number说明
设置所有worker进程最大可以打开的文件数，默认为1024
[root@nginx ~]# ulimit -n
1024
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@nginx ~]# ulimit
//重新打开一个终端，后生效
[root@nginx ~]# ulimit -n
65535
...省略部分
5 优化性能的配置参数
worker_processes n; //启动n个worker进程，这里的n为了避免上下文切换，通常设置为cpu总核心数-1或等于总核心数
worker_cpu_affinity cpumask …; //将进程绑定到某cpu中，避免频繁刷新缓存
//cpumask：使用8位二进制表示cpu核心，如：
0000 0001 //第一颗cpu核心
0000 0010 //第二颗cpu核心
0000 0100 //第三颗cpu核心
0000 1000 //第四颗cpu核心
0001 0000 //第五颗cpu核心
0010 0000 //第六颗cpu核心
0100 0000 //第七颗cpu核心
1000 0000 //第八颗cpu核心
timer_resolution interval; //计时器解析度。降低此值，可减少gettimeofday()系统调用的次数
worker_priority number; //指明worker进程的nice值
top - 14:58:02 up 9 min, 3 users, load average: 0.16, 0.10, 0.03
Tasks: 171 total, 1 running, 170 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 3709.6 total, 3260.0 free, 219.1 used, 230.5 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2048.0 total, 2048.0 free, 0.0 used. 3264.8 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND P
1649 nobody 20 0 114308 6232 4652 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 nginx 1
1650 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 kworke+ 3
1651 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworke+ 3
1653 root 20 0 65428 4436 3772 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.07 top 3
1654 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworke+ 0
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nobody;
worker_processes 2;
worker_cpu_affinity 01 10;
...省略部分
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx
top - 14:56:02 up 7 min, 3 users, load average: 0.03, 0.03, 0.00
Tasks: 169 total, 1 running, 168 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.1 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 3709.6 total, 3259.6 free, 219.5 used, 230.5 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2048.0 total, 2048.0 free, 0.0 used. 3264.3 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND P
1634 nobody 20 0 114228 5840 4516 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 nginx 0
1635 nobody 20 0 114228 5840 4516 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 nginx 1
1636 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworke+ 0
1638 root 20 0 65428 4496 3832 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 top 3
//worker_priority number; //指明worker进程的nice值
[root@nginx ~]# ps -elf | grep nginx
1 S root 1648 1 0 80 0 - 20407 - 14:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
5 S nobody 1649 1648 0 80 0 - 28577 do_epo 14:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
0 S root 1656 1563 0 80 0 - 11757 core_s 15:00 pts/0 00:00:00 vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
0 S root 1677 1591 0 80 0 - 3034 - 15:01 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nobody;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
worker_priority -10;
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@nginx ~]# ps -elf | grep nginx
1 S root 1695 1 0 80 0 - 20407 - 15:04 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
5 S nobody 1696 1695 0 70 -10 - 28555 do_epo 15:04 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
0 S root 1698 1591 0 80 0 - 3034 - 15:04 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
6 事件相关的配置
event{}段中的配置参数
accept_mutex {off|on}; //master调度用户请求至各worker进程时使用的负载均衡锁；on表示能让多个worker轮流地、序列化地去响应新请求
lock_file file; //accept_mutex用到的互斥锁锁文件路径
use [epoll | rtsig | select | poll]; //指明使用的事件模型，建议让nginx自行选择
worker_connections #; //每个进程能够接受的最大连接数
7 网络连接相关的配置参数
keepalive_timeout number; //长连接的超时时长，默认为65s
keepalive_requests number; //在一个长连接上所能够允许请求的最大资源数
keepalive_disable [msie6|safari|none]; //为指定类型的UserAgent禁用长连接
tcp_nodelay on|off; //是否对长连接使用TCP_NODELAY选项，为了提升用户体验，通常设为on
client_header_timeout number; //读取http请求报文首部的超时时长
client_body_timeout number; //读取http请求报文body部分的超时时长
send_timeout number; //发送响应报文的超时时长
8 fastcgi的相关配置参数
LNMP：php要启用fpm模型
配置示例如下
location ~ .php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; //定义反向代理
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
9 常需要进行调整的参数
worker_processes
worker_connections
worker_cpu_affinity
worker_priority
10 nginx作为web服务器时使用的配置
10.1 http
http{…}：配置http相关，由ngx_http_core_module模块引入。nginx的HTTP配置主要包括四个区块，结构如下
http {//协议级别
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
upstream {//负载均衡配置
…
}
server {//服务器级别，每个server类似于httpd中的一个
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {//请求级别，类似于httpd中的，用于定义URL与本地文件系统的映射关系
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
10.2 server {}
定义一个虚拟主机
示例如下
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.idfsoft.com;
root “/vhosts/web”;
}
10.2.1 listen
指定监听的地址和端口
listen address[:port];
listen port;
示例
[root@nginx conf]# mkdir /opt/test
[root@nginx conf]# echo 'test-test-test' > index.html
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8081;
server_name yxt.example.com;
root /opt/test;
}
[root@nginx conf]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@nginx conf]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8081 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@nginx ~]# curl 192.168.160.132:8081
test-test-test
10.2.2 server_name NAME […]
后面可跟多个主机，名称可使用正则表达式或通配符
当有多个server时，匹配顺序如下
1）先做精确匹配检查
2）左侧通配符匹配检查，如*.idfsoft.com
3）右侧通配符匹配检查，如mail.*
4）正则表达式匹配检查，如~ ^.*.idfsoft.com$
5）default_server
10.2.3 root path
设置资源路径映射，用于指明请求的URL所对应的资源所在的文件系统上的起始路径
10.2.4 alias path
用于location配置段，定义路径别名
10.2.5 index file
默认主页面
index index.php index.html;
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
hello world
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132
hello world
[root@host ~]# vim /opt/yxt/index.html
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /yxt {
alias /opt/yxt;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
[root@host ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/yxt/
yexiaotian
10.2.6 error_page code […] [=code] URI | @name
根据http响应状态码来指明特用的错误页面，例如 error_page 404 /404_customed.html
[=code]: 以指定的响应码进行响应，而不是默认的原来的响应，默认表示以新资源的响应码为其响应码，例如 error_page 404 =200 /404_customed.html
log_format 定义日志格式
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
//注意：此处可用变量为nginx各模块内建变量
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /gy {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
[root@host ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@host html]# mkdir gy
[root@host html]# cd gy/
[root@host gy]# curl -o index.html http://cncharity.com.cn/
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 38258 100 38258 0 0 76363 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 76211
//当显示错误页面报错404时，调转为自定义的公益界面
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /gy {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
[root@host ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@host html]# mv gy/ 404.html
[root@host ~]# systemctl restart nginx
10.2.7 location区段
通过指定模式来与客户端请求的URI相匹配
//功能：允许根据用户请求的URI来匹配定义的各location，匹配到时，此请求将被相应的location配置块中的配置所处理，例如做访问控制等功能
//语法：location [ 修饰符 ] pattern {......}
1）常用修饰符说明
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location = / {
echo "[ configuration A]";
}
location / {
echo "[ configuration B]";
}
location = /documents {
echo "[ configuration C]";
}
location = ^~ /images/ {
echo "[ configuration D]";
}
location = ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
echo "[ configuration E]";
}
[root@host conf]# curl 192.168.160.132
[ configuration A]
[root@host conf]# curl 192.168.160.132/asdlnasjkd asklwqeq
[ configuration B]
[root@host conf]# curl 192.168.160.132/documents
[ configuration C]
[root@host conf]# curl 192.168.160.132//documents/asiodaskjdaskldnaskdbasjkdnlqwd
[ configuration C]
[root@host conf]# curl 192.168.160.132/images/1.gif
[ configuration D]
[root@host conf]# curl 192.168.160.132//documents/1.jpg
[ configuration E]
2）没有修饰符表示必须以指定模式开始
如
server {
server_name www.idfsoft.com;
location /abc {
......
}
}
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /abc {
echo "hello world";
}
[root@host ~]# systemctl restart nginx
那么如下内容就可正确匹配：
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abc/
hello world
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abc?salkjsnskdns93jskdndsfs
hello world
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abc
hello world
3）=：表示必须与指定的模式精确匹配
如
server {
server_name www.idfsoft.com;
location = /abc {
......
}
}
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /abc {
echo "hello world";
}
location / {
echo "hehe";
}
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abc
hello world
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abc/
hehe
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abcdasdasdasdwqqwe
hehe
4）~：表示指定的正则表达式要区分大小写
如
server {
server_name www.idfsoft.com;
location ~ ^/abc$ {
......
}
}
[root@host vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /abc {
echo "hello world";
}
location ~ ^/abc$ {
echo "xixixi";
}
location / {
echo "hehe";
}
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abc
xixixi
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abcde
hello world
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/ABC
hehe
5）~*：表示指定的正则表达式不区分大小写
如
server {
server_name www.idfsoft.com;
location ~* ^/abc$ {
......
}
}
[root@host ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /abc {
echo "hello world";
}
location ~* ^/abc$ {
echo "xixixi";
}
location / {
echo "hehe";
}
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abc
xixixi
[root@host ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/ABC
xixixi
6）~：类似于无修饰符的行为，也是以指定模式开始，不同的是，如果模式匹配，则停止搜索其他模式
7）查找顺序和优先级：由高到底依次为
1、带有=的精确匹配优先
2、正则表达式按照他们在配置文件中定义的顺序
3、带有^~修饰符的，开头匹配
4、带有~或~*修饰符的，如果正则表达式与URI匹配
5、没有修饰符的精确匹配
8）优先级次序如下
( location = 路径 ) --> ( location ^~ 路径 ) --> ( location ~ 正则 ) --> ( location ~* 正则 ) --> ( location 路径 )
11 访问控制
用于location段
allow：设定允许哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
deny：设定禁止哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
示例
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
deny 192.168.160.132/32;
echo "hehehe";
}
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@nginx ~]# curl 192.168.160.132
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.22.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location /abc {
deny all;
echo "hehehe";
}
location ~* ^/abc$ {
allow 192.168.160.132/32;
echo "lalala";
}
[root@nginx ~]# curl 192.168.160.132/abc
lalala
12 基于用户认证
auth_basic "欢迎信息";
auth_basic_user_file "/path/to/user_auth_file"
user_auth_file内容格式为
username:password
这里的密码为加密后的密码串，建议用htpasswd来创建此文件
htpasswd -c -m /path/to/.user_auth_file USERNAME
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install httpd-tools
[root@nginx ~]# htpasswd -c -m /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd yxt
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user yxt
[root@nginx ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd
yxt:$apr1$widaKKMg$KkKj4hXFizBF2/Fb89fP.0
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
auth_basic "yexiaotian";
auth_basic_user_file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd";
echo "hehehe";
}
13 https配置
生成私钥，生成证书签署请求并获得证书
//CA生成一对密钥
[root@nginx ~]# mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA
[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/
[root@nginx CA]# mkdir private
[root@nginx CA]# ls
private
[root@nginx CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
........................................+++++
.........................................................................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@nginx CA]# ls private/
cakey.pem
[root@nginx CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@nginx CA]# touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial
//CA生成自签署证书
[root@nginx CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:www.yxt.com
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www.yxt.com
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.yxt.com
Email Address []:123@123.com
[root@nginx CA]# ls
cacert.pem private
[root@nginx CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@nginx CA]# touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial
//客户端生成密钥
[root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@nginx nginx]# mkdir ssl
[root@nginx nginx]# cd ssl
[root@nginx ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out nginx.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
................................................................+++++
....................................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@nginx ssl]# ls
nginx.key
//客户端生成证书签署请求
[root@nginx ssl]# openssl req -new -key nginx.key -days 365 -out nginx.csr
Ignoring -days; not generating a certificate
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:www.yxt.com
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www.yxt.com
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.yxt.com
Email Address []:123@123.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@nginx ssl]# ls
nginx.csr nginx.key
//CA签署客户端提交上来的证书
[root@nginx ssl]# openssl ca -in nginx.csr -out nginx.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Oct 13 07:37:16 2022 GMT
Not After : Oct 13 07:37:16 2023 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = HB
organizationName = www.yxt.com
organizationalUnitName = www.yxt.com
commonName = www.yxt.com
emailAddress = 1@2.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
23:E2:E9:C3:74:34:F8:2E:10:9E:F2:FF:32:9A:0E:E4:A8:6C:45:02
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:A3:97:92:68:D9:9C:70:86:E7:55:F7:E4:2C:68:B9:6A:3B:FA:62:9E
Certificate is to be certified until Oct 13 07:37:16 2023 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@nginx ssl]# rm -rf nginx.csr
[root@nginx ssl]# ls
nginx.crt nginx.key
然后在nginx.conf中配置如下内容
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.yxt.com;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@nginx conf]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@nginx conf]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
14 开启状态界面
14.1 开启status示例
location /status {
stub_status {on | off};
allow 172.16.0.0/16;
deny all;
}
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location = /status{
stub_status;
}
[root@nginx conf]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@nginx ssl]# curl 192.168.160.132/status
Active connections: 3
server accepts handled requests
3 3 3
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 2
14.2 状态页面信息详解
15 rewrite
15.1 语法
rewrite regex replacement flag;，如
rewrite ^/images/(.*.jpg)$ /imgs/$1 break;
15.2 示例
//上传一张图片
[root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@nginx html]# mkdir images
[root@nginx html]# cd images/
[root@nginx images]# ls
1.jpg
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /images {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
//当我们改变路径,使用rewrite进行重定向，也能匹配到
[root@nginx html]# mv images/ imgs
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /images {
rewrite ^/images/(.*\.jpg)$ /imgs/$1 break;
}
此处的$1用于引用(.*.jpg)匹配到的内容，又如
rewrite ^/bbs/(.*)$ http://www.idfsoft.com/index.html redirect;
如上例所示，replacement可以是某个路径，也可以是某个URL
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /images {
rewrite ^/images/(.*\.jpg)$ https://scpic.chinaz.net/files/pic/pic9/202009/apic27858.jpg break;
}
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx
15.3 常见的flag
rewrite模块的作用是用来执行URL重定向。这个机制有利于去掉恶意访问的url，也有利于搜索引擎优化（SEO）
nginx使用的语法源于Perl兼容正则表达式（PCRE）库，基本语法如下
^(hello|sir)$ //字符串为“hi sir”捕获的结果：$1=hi$2=sir
//这些被捕获的数据，在后面就可以当变量一样使用了
16 if
16.1 语法
if (condition) {…}
16.2应用场景
server段
location段
16.3 常见的condition
1）变量名（变量值为空串，或者以“0”开始，则为false，其它的均为true）
2）以变量为操作数构成的比较表达式（可使用=，!=类似的比较操作符进行测试）
3）正则表达式的模式匹配操作
~：区分大小写的模式匹配检查
~*：不区分大小写的模式匹配检查
!~和 !~*：对上面两种测试取反
4）测试指定路径为文件的可能性（-f，!-f)
5）测试指定路径为目录的可能性（-d，!-d）
6）测试文件的存在性（-e，!-e）
7）检查文件是否有执行权限（-x，!-x）
16.4 基于浏览器实现分离案例
if ($http_user_agent ~ Firefox) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /firefox/$1 break;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~ Chrome) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /chrome/$1 break;
}
16.5 防盗链案例
location ~* \.(jpg|gif|jpeg|png)$ {
valid_referers none blocked www.idfsoft.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://www.idfsoft.com/403.html;
}
}
