《RabbitMQ 消息中间件》SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ

前言

RabbitMQ单独使用的场景现在非常少，基本都是整合在Spring中，接下来我们就针对SpringBoot如何整合RabbitMQ进行说明

整合

1. 导入依赖包（Gradle）

compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-amqp')

2. 配置文件设置（application.properties）

spring.rabbitmq.host=47.105.72.224
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=rabbitmq
spring.rabbitmq.password=rabbitmq
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/my

3. SpringBoot提供和模板对象（RabbitTemplate）。

4. 案例1: 直连。

生产者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ProviderMQ {

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello","hello world!");
    }
}

消费者：SpringBoot启动自动会创建线程监听消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 使用注解设置队列：@Queue
 * value 为队列名
 * durable 为是否持久化 默认值是true
 * autoDelete 是否自动删除队列 默认值是false
 */
@Component
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "hello",durable = "true",autoDelete = "true"))
public class CustomerMQ {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void receiveMessage(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息："+message);
    }
}

测试类：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

@RestController
public class Test {

    @Autowired
    ProviderMQ provider;

    @RequestMapping("/Send.do")
    public String workSend() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        provider.sendMessage();
        return "success";
    }
}

运行结果：

案例2: work queue

生产者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class WorkProviderMQ {

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("work","第"+i+"个消息：hello work!");
        }
    }
}

消费者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 使用注解设置队列：@Queue
 * value 为队列名
 * durable 为是否持久化 默认值是true
 * autoDelete 是否自动删除队列 默认值是false
 */
@Component

public class WorkCustomerMQ {

    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "work"))
    public void receiveMessage1(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息1："+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "work"))
    public void receiveMessage2(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息2："+message);
    }
}

运行结果：

案例3: 广播(fanout)

生产者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class FanoutProviderMQ {

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutMessage","","fanout消息：hello fanout!");
    }
}

消费者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 使用注解设置队列：@Queue
 * value 为队列名
 * durable 为是否持久化 默认值是true
 * autoDelete 是否自动删除队列 默认值是false
 */
@Component

public class FanoutCustomerMQ {

    /**
     * @Queue 不加value 表示临时队列
     * @param message
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = {@QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(value = "fanoutMessage",type = "fanout"))})
    public void receiveMessage1(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息1："+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {@QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(value = "fanoutMessage",type = "fanout"))})
    public void receiveMessage2(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息2："+message);
    }
}

运行结果：

案例4: 订阅(Routing)

生产者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class DirectProviderMQ {

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directMessage","info","direct消息：hello info!");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directMessage","error","direct消息：hello error!");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directMessage","warn","direct消息：hello warn!");
    }
}

消费者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 使用注解设置队列：@Queue
 * value 为队列名
 * durable 为是否持久化 默认值是true
 * autoDelete 是否自动删除队列 默认值是false
 */
@Component

public class DirectCustomerMQ {

    /**
     * @Queue 不加value 表示临时队列
     * type = "direct" direct 是默认模式
     * @param message
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = {@QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(value = "directMessage",type = "direct"),key = {"info","error"})})
    public void receiveMessage1(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息1："+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {@QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(value = "directMessage",type = "direct"),key = {"warn"})})
    public void receiveMessage2(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息2："+message);
    }
}

运行结果：

案例5：动态订阅(Topic)

生产者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class TopicProviderMQ {

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicMessage","user.info","direct消息：hello user.info!");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicMessage","user.error","direct消息：hello user.error!");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicMessage","user.warn","direct消息：hello user.warn!");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicMessage","user.warn.message","direct消息：hello user.warn.message!");

    }
}

消费者：

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 使用注解设置队列：@Queue
 * value 为队列名
 * durable 为是否持久化 默认值是true
 * autoDelete 是否自动删除队列 默认值是false
 */
@Component

public class TopicCustomerMQ {

    /**
     * @Queue 不加value 表示临时队列
     * type = "direct" direct 是默认模式
     * @param message
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = {@QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(value = "topicMessage",type = "topic"),key = {"*.info"})})
    public void receiveMessage1(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息1："+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {@QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(value = "topicMessage",type = "topic"),key = {"user.*"})})
    public void receiveMessage2(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息2："+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {@QueueBinding(value = @Queue,exchange = @Exchange(value = "topicMessage",type = "topic"),key = {"user.#"})})
    public void receiveMessage3(String message){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息3："+message);
    }
}

运行结果：

总结

1. SpringBoot 整合RabbitMQ步骤。

2. 简化了配置逻辑。

3. 启动系统，消费者也自动被启动。

4. Spring提供了RabbitTemplate来封装MQ，最终简化我们代码。

5. 相关注解需要掌握。