《Java基础知识》Java集合(Map)

Java集合主要由2大体系构成,分别是Collection体系和Map体系,其中Collection和Map分别是2大体系中的顶层接口。

今天主要讲:Map主要有二个子接口,分别为HashMap、TreeMap。

继承关系图:

Map的整体特点:

1. 键值对存放<key , value>

2. 遍历需要使用迭代器:Iterator

常用Map HashMap

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class var {
    public static void main(String[] agrs){
        // 定义一个Map的容器对象
        Map<String, Integer > map1 = new HashMap<String, Integer >();
        map1.put("jack", 20);
        map1.put("rose", 18);
        map1.put("lucy", 17);
        map1.put("java", 25);
        System.out.println(map1);
        map1.put("jack", 30); //在没有hashCode和equals方式   添加重复的键值(值不同),会覆盖掉前面key值相同的值
        System.out.println(map1);

        Map<String, Integer> map2 = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        map2.put("张三丰", 100);
        map2.put("虚竹", 20);
        System.out.println("map2:" + map2);
        // 从指定映射中将所有映射关系复制到此映射中。
        map1.putAll(map2);
        System.out.println("map1:" + map1);

        // 指定key,返回删除的键值对映射的值。
        map1.remove("java");
        System.out.println(map1);

        // V get(Object key) 通过指定的key对象获取value对象
        System.out.println("value:" + map1.get("jack"));

        // boolean isEmpty() 判断集合是否为空   长度为0返回true否则false
        // boolean containsKey(Object key) 判断集合中是否包含指定的key
        // boolean containsValue(Object value)
        System.out.println("isEmpty:" + map1.isEmpty());
        System.out.println("containskey:" + map1.containsKey("jack"));
        System.out.println("containsvalues:" + map1.containsValue(100));
    }
}

运行结果:

 

Map 的四种遍历方式

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

public class var {
    public static void main(String[] agrs){
        // 定义一个Map的容器对象
        Map<String, Integer > map1 = new HashMap<String, Integer >();
        map1.put("jack", 20);
        map1.put("rose", 18);
        map1.put("lucy", 17);
        map1.put("java", 25);

        System.out.println("第一种:");
        //通过 map1.keySet() 获取key  通过key 找到value
        for (String key : map1.keySet()) {
            Integer value = map1.get(key);
            System.out.print("【key:"+key+" value:"+value+"】;   ");
        }
        System.out.println();

        System.out.println("第二种:");
        //通过Map.Entry(String,Integer) 获取,然后使用entry.getKey()获取到键,通过entry.getValue()获取到值
        for(Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : map1.entrySet()){
            System.out.print("【key:"+entry.getKey()+"value:"+entry.getValue()+"】;    ");
        }
        System.out.println();

        System.out.println("第三种:");
        //第三种只遍历键或者值,通过加强for循环
        for(String s1:map1.keySet()){//遍历map的键
            System.out.print("键key:"+s1+"; ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        for(Integer s2:map1.values()){//遍历map的值
            System.out.print("值value:"+s2+"; ");
        }
        System.out.println();

        System.out.println("第四种:");
        //第四种Iterator遍历获取,然后获取到Map.Entry<String, String>,再得到getKey()和getValue()
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> it=map1.entrySet().iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry=it.next();
            System.out.print("【key:"+entry.getKey()+" value:"+entry.getValue()+"】;     ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}

运行结果:

 

HashMap 底层是哈希表数据结构,线程是不同步的,可以存入null键,null值。要保证键的唯一性,需要覆盖hashCode方法,和equals方法。

案例:

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {

        return this.name.hashCode() + age * 37;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof Person) {
            Person p = (Person) obj;
            return this.name.equals(p.name) && this.age == p.age;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person@name:" + this.name + " age:" + this.age;
    }
}
import java.util.HashMap;

public class var {
    public static void main(String[] agrs){
        HashMap<Person, String> hm = new HashMap<Person, String>();
        hm.put(new Person("jack", 20), "1001");
        hm.put(new Person("rose", 18), "1002");
        hm.put(new Person("lucy", 19), "1003");
        hm.put(new Person("hmm", 17), "1004");
        hm.put(new Person("ll", 25), "1005");
        System.out.println(hm);
        hm.put(new Person("rose", 18), "1006");
        System.out.println(hm);  //重写hashCode和equalse后key就相同了。value值更新
    }
}

运行结果:

 

常用Map:TreeMap

特点:元素具有比较性,支持排序。

import java.util.TreeMap;

public class var {
    public static void main(String[] agrs){
        TreeMap<String, Integer> tree = new TreeMap<String, Integer>();
        tree.put("张三", 19);
        tree.put("李四", 20);
        tree.put("王五", 21);
        tree.put("赵六", 22);
        tree.put("周七", 23);
        tree.put("张三", 24);
        System.out.println(tree);
        System.out.println("张三".compareTo("李四"));//-2094
    }
}

运行结果:

 

自定义排序案例:

public class Person implements Comparable<Person> {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {

        return this.name.hashCode() + age * 37;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof Person) {
            Person p = (Person) obj;
            return this.name.equals(p.name) && this.age == p.age;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person@name:" + this.name + " age:" + this.age;
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Person p) {
        if (this.age > p.age) {
            return 1;
        } else if (this.age < p.age) {
            return -1;
        }
        return this.name.compareTo(p.name);
    }
}
import java.util.Comparator;

public class MyComparator implements Comparator<Person> {
    @Override
    public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
        if (p1.getAge() > p2.getAge()) {
            return -1;
        } else if (p1.getAge() < p2.getAge()) {
            return 1;
        }
        return p1.getName().compareTo(p2.getName());
    }
}
public class var {
    public static void main(String[] agrs){
        TreeMap<Person, String> hm = new TreeMap<Person, String>(
                new MyComparator());
        hm.put(new Person("jack", 20), "1001");
        hm.put(new Person("rose", 18), "1002");
        hm.put(new Person("lucy", 19), "1003");
        hm.put(new Person("hmm", 17), "1004");
        hm.put(new Person("ll", 25), "1005");
        System.out.println(hm);
    }
}

运行结果:

注意:Set的元素不可重复,Map的键不可重复,如果存入重复元素如何处理

Set元素重复元素不能存入add方法返回false

Map的重复健将覆盖旧键,将旧值返回。

其他Map详情见JDK API。

参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/douyu2580860/p/8358768.html

posted @ 2019-09-06 23:35  加速丨世界  阅读(633)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报