内置函数

SQL中的单记录函数

1.ASCII 返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数;
SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;

A A ZERO SPACE
--------- --------- --------- ---------
65 97 48 32

2.CHR 给出整数,返回对应的字符;
SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;

ZH C
-- -
赵 A

3.CONCAT 连接两个字符串;
SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'转23' 高乾竞电话 from dual;

高乾竞电话
----------------
010-88888888转23

4.INITCAP 返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写;
SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;

UPP
-----
Smith

5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J) 在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;
C1    被搜索的字符串
C2    希望搜索的字符串
I     搜索的开始位置,默认为1
J     出现的位置,默认为1
SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;

INSTRING
---------
9

6.LENGTH 返回字符串的长度;
SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from .nchar_tst;

NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
高乾竞 3 北京市海锭区 6 9999.99 7

7.LOWER 返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写
SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;

AABBCCDD
--------
aabbccdd

8.UPPER 返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写
SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;

UPPER
--------
AABBCCDD

9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)
RPAD 在列的右边粘贴字符
LPAD 在列的左边粘贴字符
SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;

LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
-----------------
*******gao*******
不够字符则用*来填满

10.LTRIM和RTRIM
LTRIM 删除左边出现的字符串
RTRIM 删除右边出现的字符串
SQL> select ltrim(rtrim(' gao qian jing ',' '),' ') from dual;

LTRIM(RTRIM('
-------------
gao qian jing

11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
取子字符串,从start开始,取count个
SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;

SUBSTR('
--------
08888888

12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
string   希望被替换的字符或变量
s1       被替换的字符串
s2       要替换的字符串
SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;

REPLACE('HELOVEYOU','HE','I')
------------------------------
i love you

13.SOUNDEX 返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串
SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');

SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');

XM
--------
weather
wether

14.TRIM('s' from 'string')
LEADING 剪掉前面的字符
TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符
如果不指定,默认为空格符

15.ABS 返回指定值的绝对值
SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;

ABS(100) ABS(-100)
--------- ---------
100 100

16.ACOS 给出反余弦的值
SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;

ACOS(-1)
---------
3.1415927

17.ASIN 给出反正弦的值
SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;

ASIN(0.5)
---------
.52359878

18.ATAN 返回一个数字的反正切值
SQL> select atan(1) from dual;

ATAN(1)
---------
.78539816

19.CEIL 返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数
SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;

CEIL(3.1415927)
---------------
4

20.COS 返回一个给定数字的余弦
SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;

COS(-3.1415927)
---------------
-1

21.COSH 返回一个数字反余弦值
SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;

COSH(20)
---------
242582598

22.EXP 返回一个数字e的n次方根
SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;

EXP(2) EXP(1)
--------- ---------
7.3890561 2.7182818

23.FLOOR 对给定的数字取整数
SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;

FLOOR(2345.67)
--------------
2345

24.LN 返回一个数字的对数值
SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;

LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
--------- --------- -------------
0 .69314718 .99999999

25.LOG(n1,n2) 返回一个以n1为底n2的对数
SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;

LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)
--------- ---------

26.MOD(n1,n2) 返回一个n1除以n2的余数
SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;

MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)
--------- --------- ---------
1 0 2

27.POWER 返回n1的n2次方根
SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;

POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
----------- ----------
1024 27

28.ROUND和TRUNC
按照指定的精度进行舍入
SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;

ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
56 -55 55 -55

29.SIGN 取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;

SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)
--------- ---------- ---------
1 -1 0

30.SIN 返回一个数字的正弦值
SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

SIN(1.57079)
------------
1

31.SIGH 返回双曲正弦的值
SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;

SIN(20) SINH(20)
--------- ---------
.91294525 242582598

32.SQRT 返回数字n的根
SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;

SQRT(64) SQRT(10)
--------- ---------
8 3.1622777

33.TAN 返回数字的正切值
SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;

TAN(20) TAN(10)
--------- ---------
2.2371609 .64836083

34.TANH
返回数字n的双曲正切值
SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;

TANH(20) TAN(20)
--------- ---------
1 2.2371609

35.TRUNC
按照指定的精度截取一个数
SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;

TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
--------- ------------------
100 124.16

36.ADD_MONTHS
增加或减去月份
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA
------
200002
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA
------
199910

37.LAST_DAY
返回日期的最后一天
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
---------- ----------
2004.05.09 2004.05.10
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5月 -04

38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
给出date2-date1的月份
SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;

MON_BETWEEN
-----------
9
SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.dd')) mon_betw from dual;

MON_BETW
---------
-60

39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')
给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
2 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;

BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32

40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')
给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期
SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;

NEXT_DAY
----------
25-5月 -01

41.SYSDATE 用来得到系统的当前日期
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
-----------------
09-05-2004 星期日
trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截断秒
SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,
2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;

HH HHMM
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00

42.CHARTOROWID 将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型
SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;

ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
------------------ ------------------ ----------
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES

43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集
SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;

conver
------
strutz

44.HEXTORAW 将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制

45.RAWTOHEXT 将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制

46.ROWIDTOCHAR 将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型

47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2004/05/09 21:14:41

48.TO_DATE(string,'format') 将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期

49.TO_MULTI_BYTE 将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符
SQL> select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;

TO
--
高

50.TO_NUMBER
将给出的字符转换为数字
SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;

YEAR
---------
1999

51.BFILENAME(dir,file)指定一个外部二进制文件
SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));

52.CONVERT('x','desc','source') 将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc
SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
2 0,'none',
3 2,'insert',
4 3,
5 'select',
6 6,'update',
7 7,'delete',
8 8,'drop',
9 'other') cmd from v$session where type!='background';

SID   SERIAL# USERNAME                       CMD
--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
1         1                                none
2         1                                none
3         1                                none
4         1                                none
5         1                                none
6         1                                none
7      1275                                none
8      1275                                none
9        20 GAO                            select
10        40 GAO                            none

53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值
SQL> col global_name for a30
SQL> col dump_string for a50
SQL> set lin 200
SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;

GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D

54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数

55.GREATEST
返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.
SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;

GR
--
AC
SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;

GR
--
天

56.LEAST
返回一组表达式中的最小值
SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;

LE
--
啊

57.UID
返回标识当前用户的唯一整数
SQL> show user
USER 为"GAO"
SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;

USERNAME USER_ID
------------------------------ ---------
GAO 25

58.USER
返回当前用户的名字
SQL> select user from dual;

USER
------------------------------
GAO

59.USEREVN
返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是:
ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
ISDBA 查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则返回true
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN
------
FALSE
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN
------
TRUE
SESSION
返回会话标志
SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;

USERENV('SESSIONID')
--------------------
152
ENTRYID
返回会话人口标志
SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;

USERENV('ENTRYID')
------------------
0
INSTANCE
返回当前INSTANCE的标志
SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;

USERENV('INSTANCE')
-------------------
1
LANGUAGE
返回当前环境变量
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
LANG
返回当前环境的语言的缩写
SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;

USERENV('LANG')
----------------------------------------------------
ZHS
TERMINAL
返回用户的终端或机器的标志
SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;

USERENV('TERMINA
----------------
GAO
VSIZE(X)
返回X的大小(字节)数
SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;

VSIZE(USER) USER
----------- ------------------------------
6 SYSTEM