SpringMVC框架05——拦截器
1、拦截器概述
Spring MVC的拦截器(Interceptor)与Java Servlet的过滤器(Filter)类似,它主要用于拦截用户的请求并做相应的处理,通常应用在权限验证、记录请求信息的日志、判断用户是否登录等功能上。
2、拦截器与过滤器的区别
拦截器是使用JDK动态代理实现的,拦截的是对应调用方法的拦截;
过滤器是使用Filter实现的,拦截的是request请求对象
3、定义单个拦截器
创建Controller类,代码如下:
@Controller public class InterceptorController { @RequestMapping("/gotoTest") public String gotoTest(Model model){ System.out.println("测试拦截器,控制器中gotoTest()方法执行。。。。"); model.addAttribute("mess","拦截器测试!"); return "test"; } }
创建拦截器类,代码如下:
public class TestInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle()......"); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView)
throws Exception { System.out.println("postHandle()......"); } @Override public void afterCompletion(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e)
throws Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion()......"); } }
配置springmvc.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd"> <!--配置扫描控制器类--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.interceptor.controller"></context:component-scan> <!--配置视图解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--配置前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <!--配置后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <!--配置拦截器--> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <!--配置拦截路径--> <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <!--不需要拦截的路径--> <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login" /> <bean class="com.demo.controller.TestExceptionController"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors> </beans>
创建视图文件test.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@ page isELIgnored="false" %> <html> <head> <title>测试拦截器</title> </head> <body> <p>视图:</p> <p>内容:${mess}</p> </body> </html>
测试结果,页面展示:
控制台输出结果:
在拦截器类TestInterceptor中实现了HandlerInterceptor接口,并重写了接口中的3个方法:
- preHandle()方法:该方法在控制器的处理请求方法前执行,其返回值表示是否中断后续操作,返回true表示继续向下执行,返回false表示中断后续操作;
- postHandle()方法:该方法在控制器的处理请求方法调用之后、解析视图之前执行,可以通过此方法对请求域中的模型和视图做进一步的修改;
- afterCompletion()方法:该方法在控制器的处理请求方法执行完成后执行,即视图渲染结束后执行,可以通过此方法实现一些资源清理、记录日志信息等工作。
4、配置多个拦截器
创建Controller控制器类,代码如下:
@Controller public class InterceptorController { @RequestMapping("/gotoTest") public String gotoTest(Model model){ System.out.println("测试拦截器,控制器中gotoTest()方法执行。。。。"); model.addAttribute("mess","拦截器测试!"); return "test"; } }
创建多个拦截器类,
TestInterceptor1.java
public class TestInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception { System.out.println("interceptor1......preHandle()......"); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView)
throws Exception { System.out.println("interceptor1......postHandle()......"); } @Override public void afterCompletion(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e)
throws Exception { System.out.println("interceptor1......afterCompletion()......"); } }
TestInterceptor2.java
public class TestInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception { System.out.println("interceptor2...preHandle()......."); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { System.out.println("interceptor2...postHandle()......."); } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { System.out.println("interceptor2...afterCompletion()......."); } }
在springmvc.xml中配置多个拦截器
<!--配置拦截器--> <mvc:interceptors> <!--配置拦截器1--> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <bean class="com.interceptor.controller.TestInterceptor1"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> <!--配置拦截器2--> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/gotoTest"/> <bean class="com.interceptor.controller.TestInterceptor2"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
测试结果,页面显示结果:
控制台显示结果:
在Web应用中通常需要配置多个拦截器同时工作,这时它们的preHandle方法按照配置文件中拦截器的配置顺序执行,而它们的postHandle方法和afterCompletion方法则按照配置顺序的反序执行。