JackSon fasterxml学习

概述

Jackson框架是基于Java平台的一套数据处理工具,被称为“最好的Java Json解析器”。 
Jackson框架包含了3个核心库:streaming,databind,annotations.Jackson还包含了其它数据处理类库,此外不作说明。
Jackson版本: 1.x (目前版本从1.1~1.9)与2.x。1.x与2.x从包的命名上可以看出来,1.x的类库中,包命名以:org.codehaus.jackson.xxx开头,而2.x类库中包命令:com.fastxml.jackson.xxx开头

Jackson Home Page:https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson
Jackson Wiki:http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonHome
Jackson doc: https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-docs
Jackson Download Page:http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonDownload


准备工作

本文所有程序都基于JDK1.7,依赖jackon的三个核心类库:
jackson-core-2.5.3.jar
jackson-annotations-2.5.3.jar
jackson-databind-2.5.3.jar


Jackson处理Json

Jackson提供了三种可选的Json处理方法:流式API(Streaming API) 、树模型(Tree Model)、数据绑定(Data Binding)。从使用角度来看,比较一下这三种处理Json的方式的特性:

Streaming API:是效率最高的处理方式(开销低、读写速度快,但程序编写复杂度高)
Tree Model:是最灵活的处理方式
Data Binding:是最常用的处理方式

下面我们通过例子程序分别使用DataBinding,TreeModel,Streaming的方式来创建和解析Json字符串

1.DataBinding处理Json

Jackson支持Java对象与Json之间的相互转化。java对象序列化为json字符串,json字符串也可以反序列化为相同的java对象。

(1)java对象转化成json:
Province.java
  1. package com.jackson.json.databinding;  
  2.   
  3. public class Province {  
  4.     public String name;  
  5.     public int population;  
  6.     public String[] city;     
  7. }  
package com.jackson.json.databinding;

public class Province {
public String name;
public int population;
public String[] city;
}

Country.java
  1. package com.jackson.json.databinding;  
  2.   
  3. import java.util.ArrayList;  
  4. import java.util.Arrays;  
  5. import java.util.Date;  
  6. import java.util.HashMap;  
  7. import java.util.List;  
  8. import java.util.Map;  
  9.   
  10. public class Country {  
  11.     // 注意:被序列化的bean的private属性字段需要创建getter方法或者属性字段应该为public  
  12.     private String country_id;  
  13.     private Date birthDate;  
  14.     private List<String> nation = new ArrayList<String>();  
  15.     private String[] lakes;  
  16.     private List<Province> provinces = new ArrayList<Province>();  
  17.     private Map<String, Integer> traffic = new HashMap<String, Integer>();  
  18.   
  19.     public Country() {  
  20.         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  
  21.     }  
  22.   
  23.     public Country(String countryId) {  
  24.         this.country_id = countryId;  
  25.     }  
  26.   
  27.     public String getCountry_id() {  
  28.         return country_id;  
  29.     }  
  30.   
  31.     public void setCountry_id(String country_id) {  
  32.         this.country_id = country_id;  
  33.     }  
  34.   
  35.     public Date getBirthDate() {  
  36.         return birthDate;  
  37.     }  
  38.   
  39.     public void setBirthDate(Date birthDate) {  
  40.         this.birthDate = birthDate;  
  41.     }  
  42.   
  43.     public List<String> getNation() {  
  44.         return nation;  
  45.     }  
  46.   
  47.     public void setNation(List<String> nation) {  
  48.         this.nation = nation;  
  49.     }  
  50.   
  51.     public String[] getLakes() {  
  52.         return lakes;  
  53.     }  
  54.   
  55.     public void setLakes(String[] lakes) {  
  56.         this.lakes = lakes;  
  57.     }  
  58.   
  59.     public Integer get(String key) {  
  60.         return traffic.get(key);  
  61.     }  
  62.   
  63.     public Map<String, Integer> getTraffic() {  
  64.         return traffic;  
  65.     }  
  66.   
  67.     public void setTraffic(Map<String, Integer> traffic) {  
  68.         this.traffic = traffic;  
  69.     }  
  70.   
  71.     public void addTraffic(String key, Integer value) {  
  72.         traffic.put(key, value);  
  73.     }  
  74.   
  75.     public List<Province> getProvinces() {  
  76.         return provinces;  
  77.     }  
  78.   
  79.     public void setProvinces(List<Province> provinces) {  
  80.         this.provinces = provinces;  
  81.     }  
  82.   
  83.     @Override  
  84.     public String toString() {  
  85.         return “Country [country_id=” + country_id + “, birthDate=” + birthDate  
  86.                 + ”, nation=” + nation + “, lakes=” + Arrays.toString(lakes)  
  87.                 + ”, province=” + provinces + “, traffic=” + traffic + “]”;  
  88.     }  
  89.   
  90. }  
package com.jackson.json.databinding;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class Country {
// 注意:被序列化的bean的private属性字段需要创建getter方法或者属性字段应该为public
private String country_id;
private Date birthDate;
private List<String> nation = new ArrayList<String>();
private String[] lakes;
private List<Province> provinces = new ArrayList<Province>();
private Map<String, Integer> traffic = new HashMap<String, Integer>();

public Country() {
    // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public Country(String countryId) {
    this.country_id = countryId;
}

public String getCountry_id() {
    return country_id;
}

public void setCountry_id(String country_id) {
    this.country_id = country_id;
}

public Date getBirthDate() {
    return birthDate;
}

public void setBirthDate(Date birthDate) {
    this.birthDate = birthDate;
}

public List&lt;String&gt; getNation() {
    return nation;
}

public void setNation(List&lt;String&gt; nation) {
    this.nation = nation;
}

public String[] getLakes() {
    return lakes;
}

public void setLakes(String[] lakes) {
    this.lakes = lakes;
}

public Integer get(String key) {
    return traffic.get(key);
}

public Map&lt;String, Integer&gt; getTraffic() {
    return traffic;
}

public void setTraffic(Map&lt;String, Integer&gt; traffic) {
    this.traffic = traffic;
}

public void addTraffic(String key, Integer value) {
    traffic.put(key, value);
}

public List&lt;Province&gt; getProvinces() {
    return provinces;
}

public void setProvinces(List&lt;Province&gt; provinces) {
    this.provinces = provinces;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
    return "Country [country_id=" + country_id + ", birthDate=" + birthDate
            + ", nation=" + nation + ", lakes=" + Arrays.toString(lakes)
            + ", province=" + provinces + ", traffic=" + traffic + "]";
}

}

JavaBeanSerializeToJson.java

  1. package com.jackson.json.databinding;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;  
  5. import java.util.ArrayList;  
  6. import java.util.List;  
  7.   
  8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include;  
  9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  10. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;  
  11.   
  12. public class JavaBeanSerializeToJson {  
  13.   
  14.     public static void convert() throws Exception {  
  15.         // 使用ObjectMapper来转化对象为Json  
  16.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
  17.         // 添加功能,让时间格式更具有可读性  
  18.         SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(“yyyy-MM-dd”);  
  19.         mapper.setDateFormat(dateFormat);  
  20.   
  21.         Country country = new Country(“China”);  
  22.         country.setBirthDate(dateFormat.parse(”1949-10-01”));  
  23.         country.setLakes(new String[] { “Qinghai Lake”“Poyang Lake”,  
  24.                 ”Dongting Lake”“Taihu Lake” });  
  25.   
  26.         List<String> nation = new ArrayList<String>();  
  27.         nation.add(”Han”);  
  28.         nation.add(”Meng”);  
  29.         nation.add(”Hui”);  
  30.         nation.add(”WeiWuEr”);  
  31.         nation.add(”Zang”);  
  32.         country.setNation(nation);  
  33.   
  34.         Province province = new Province();  
  35.         province.name = ”Shanxi”;  
  36.         province.population = 37751200;  
  37.         Province province2 = new Province();  
  38.         province2.name = ”ZheJiang”;  
  39.         province2.population = 55080000;  
  40.         List<Province> provinces = new ArrayList<Province>();  
  41.         provinces.add(province);  
  42.         provinces.add(province2);  
  43.         country.setProvinces(provinces);  
  44.           
  45.         country.addTraffic(”Train(KM)”112000);  
  46.         country.addTraffic(”HighWay(KM)”4240000);  
  47.         // 为了使JSON视觉上的可读性,增加一行如下代码,注意,在生产中不需要这样,因为这样会增大Json的内容  
  48.         mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);  
  49.         // 配置mapper忽略空属性  
  50.         mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_EMPTY);  
  51.         // 默认情况,Jackson使用Java属性字段名称作为 Json的属性名称,也可以使用Jackson annotations(注解)改变Json属性名称  
  52.         mapper.writeValue(new File(“country.json”), country);  
  53.     }  
  54.   
  55.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  56.         convert();  
  57.     }  
  58.   
  59. }  
package com.jackson.json.databinding;

import java.io.File;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;

public class JavaBeanSerializeToJson {

public static void convert() throws Exception {
    // 使用ObjectMapper来转化对象为Json
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    // 添加功能,让时间格式更具有可读性
    SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
    mapper.setDateFormat(dateFormat);

    Country country = new Country("China");
    country.setBirthDate(dateFormat.parse("1949-10-01"));
    country.setLakes(new String[] { "Qinghai Lake", "Poyang Lake",
            "Dongting Lake", "Taihu Lake" });

    List&lt;String&gt; nation = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();
    nation.add("Han");
    nation.add("Meng");
    nation.add("Hui");
    nation.add("WeiWuEr");
    nation.add("Zang");
    country.setNation(nation);

    Province province = new Province();
    province.name = "Shanxi";
    province.population = 37751200;
    Province province2 = new Province();
    province2.name = "ZheJiang";
    province2.population = 55080000;
    List&lt;Province&gt; provinces = new ArrayList&lt;Province&gt;();
    provinces.add(province);
    provinces.add(province2);
    country.setProvinces(provinces);

    country.addTraffic("Train(KM)", 112000);
    country.addTraffic("HighWay(KM)", 4240000);
    // 为了使JSON视觉上的可读性,增加一行如下代码,注意,在生产中不需要这样,因为这样会增大Json的内容
    mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);
    // 配置mapper忽略空属性
    mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_EMPTY);
    // 默认情况,Jackson使用Java属性字段名称作为 Json的属性名称,也可以使用Jackson annotations(注解)改变Json属性名称
    mapper.writeValue(new File("country.json"), country);
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    convert();
}

}

程序运行后生成country.json,内容如下:
  1. {  
  2.   “country_id” : “China”,  
  3.   “birthDate” : “1949-10-01”,  
  4.   “nation” : [ “Han”, “Meng”, “Hui”, “WeiWuEr”, “Zang” ],  
  5.   “lakes” : [ “Qinghai Lake”, “Poyang Lake”, “Dongting Lake”, “Taihu Lake” ],  
  6.   “provinces” : [ {  
  7.     “name” : “Shanxi”,  
  8.     “population” : 37751200  
  9.   }, {  
  10.     “name” : “ZheJiang”,  
  11.     “population” : 55080000  
  12.   } ],  
  13.   “traffic” : {  
  14.     “HighWay(KM)” : 4240000,  
  15.     “Train(KM)” : 112000  
  16.   }  
  17. }  
{
  "country_id" : "China",
  "birthDate" : "1949-10-01",
  "nation" : [ "Han", "Meng", "Hui", "WeiWuEr", "Zang" ],
  "lakes" : [ "Qinghai Lake", "Poyang Lake", "Dongting Lake", "Taihu Lake" ],
  "provinces" : [ {
    "name" : "Shanxi",
    "population" : 37751200
  }, {
    "name" : "ZheJiang",
    "population" : 55080000
  } ],
  "traffic" : {
    "HighWay(KM)" : 4240000,
    "Train(KM)" : 112000
  }
}

(2)Json字符串反序列化为java对象:
  1. package com.jackson.json.databinding;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.io.IOException;  
  5. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;  
  6. import java.util.Iterator;  
  7. import java.util.List;  
  8.   
  9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;  
  10. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;  
  11. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;  
  12. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  13.   
  14. /** 
  15.  * 将Json字符串反序列化为Java对象 
  16.  */  
  17. public class JsonDeserializeToJava {  
  18.       
  19.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  20.         //ObjectMapper类用序列化与反序列化映射器  
  21.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
  22.         File json = new File(“country.json”);  
  23.         //当反序列化json时,未知属性会引起的反序列化被打断,这里我们禁用未知属性打断反序列化功能,  
  24.         //因为,例如json里有10个属性,而我们的bean中只定义了2个属性,其它8个属性将被忽略  
  25.         mapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES);  
  26.           
  27.         //从json映射到java对象,得到country对象后就可以遍历查找,下面遍历部分内容,能说明问题就可以了  
  28.         Country country = mapper.readValue(json, Country.class);  
  29.         System.out.println(”country_id:”+country.getCountry_id());  
  30.         //设置时间格式,便于阅读  
  31.         SimpleDateFormat dateformat = new SimpleDateFormat(“yyyy-MM-dd”);  
  32.         String birthDate = dateformat.format(country.getBirthDate());  
  33.         System.out.println(”birthDate:”+birthDate);  
  34.           
  35.         List<Province> provinces = country.getProvinces();  
  36.         for (Province province : provinces) {  
  37.             System.out.println(”province:”+province.name + “\n” + “population:”+province.population);  
  38.         }  
  39.     }  
  40. }  
package com.jackson.json.databinding;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

/**

  • 将Json字符串反序列化为Java对象
    */
    public class JsonDeserializeToJava {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    //ObjectMapper类用序列化与反序列化映射器
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    File json = new File("country.json");
    //当反序列化json时,未知属性会引起的反序列化被打断,这里我们禁用未知属性打断反序列化功能,
    //因为,例如json里有10个属性,而我们的bean中只定义了2个属性,其它8个属性将被忽略
    mapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES);

     //从json映射到java对象,得到country对象后就可以遍历查找,下面遍历部分内容,能说明问题就可以了
     Country country = mapper.readValue(json, Country.class);
     System.out.println("country_id:"+country.getCountry_id());
     //设置时间格式,便于阅读
     SimpleDateFormat dateformat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
     String birthDate = dateformat.format(country.getBirthDate());
     System.out.println("birthDate:"+birthDate);
    
     List&lt;Province&gt; provinces = country.getProvinces();
     for (Province province : provinces) {
         System.out.println("province:"+province.name + "\n" + "population:"+province.population);
     }
    

    }
    }

程序运行结果:
  1. country_id:China  
  2. birthDate:1949-10-01  
  3. province:Shanxi  
  4. population:37751200  
  5. province:ZheJiang  
  6. population:55080000  
country_id:China
birthDate:1949-10-01
province:Shanxi
population:37751200
province:ZheJiang
population:55080000

2.Tree Model处理Json

(1)tree model生成json:

  1. package com.jackson.json.treemodel;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.io.FileWriter;  
  5.   
  6. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;  
  7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;  
  8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;  
  10. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;  
  11. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.JsonNodeFactory;  
  12. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;  
  13.   
  14. public class SerializationExampleTreeModel {  
  15.       
  16.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  17.         //创建一个节点工厂,为我们提供所有节点  
  18.         JsonNodeFactory factory = new JsonNodeFactory(false);  
  19.         //创建一个json factory来写tree modle为json  
  20.         JsonFactory jsonFactory = new JsonFactory();  
  21.         //创建一个json生成器  
  22.         JsonGenerator generator = jsonFactory.createGenerator(new FileWriter(new File(“country2.json”)));  
  23.         //注意,默认情况下对象映射器不会指定根节点,下面设根节点为country  
  24.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
  25.         ObjectNode country = factory.objectNode();  
  26.           
  27.         country.put(”country_id”“China”);  
  28.         country.put(”birthDate”“1949-10-01”);  
  29.           
  30.         //在Java中,List和Array转化为json后对应的格式符号都是”obj:[]”  
  31.         ArrayNode nation = factory.arrayNode();  
  32.         nation.add(”Han”).add(“Meng”).add(“Hui”).add(“WeiWuEr”).add(“Zang”);  
  33.         country.set(”nation”, nation);  
  34.           
  35.         ArrayNode lakes = factory.arrayNode();  
  36.         lakes.add(”QingHai Lake”).add(“Poyang Lake”).add(“Dongting Lake”).add(“Taihu Lake”);  
  37.         country.set(”lakes”, lakes);  
  38.           
  39.         ArrayNode provinces = factory.arrayNode();  
  40.         ObjectNode province = factory.objectNode();  
  41.         ObjectNode province2 = factory.objectNode();  
  42.         province.put(”name”,“Shanxi”);  
  43.         province.put(”population”37751200);  
  44.         province2.put(”name”,“ZheJiang”);  
  45.         province2.put(”population”55080000);  
  46.         provinces.add(province).add(province2);  
  47.         country.set(”provinces”, provinces);  
  48.           
  49.         ObjectNode traffic = factory.objectNode();  
  50.         traffic.put(”HighWay(KM)”4240000);  
  51.         traffic.put(”Train(KM)”112000);  
  52.         country.set(”traffic”, traffic);  
  53.           
  54.         mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);  
  55.         mapper.writeTree(generator, country);  
  56.     }  
  57.   
  58. }  
package com.jackson.json.treemodel;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.JsonNodeFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;

public class SerializationExampleTreeModel {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    //创建一个节点工厂,为我们提供所有节点
    JsonNodeFactory factory = new JsonNodeFactory(false);
    //创建一个json factory来写tree modle为json
    JsonFactory jsonFactory = new JsonFactory();
    //创建一个json生成器
    JsonGenerator generator = jsonFactory.createGenerator(new FileWriter(new File("country2.json")));
    //注意,默认情况下对象映射器不会指定根节点,下面设根节点为country
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    ObjectNode country = factory.objectNode();

    country.put("country_id", "China");
    country.put("birthDate", "1949-10-01");

    //在Java中,List和Array转化为json后对应的格式符号都是"obj:[]"
    ArrayNode nation = factory.arrayNode();
    nation.add("Han").add("Meng").add("Hui").add("WeiWuEr").add("Zang");
    country.set("nation", nation);

    ArrayNode lakes = factory.arrayNode();
    lakes.add("QingHai Lake").add("Poyang Lake").add("Dongting Lake").add("Taihu Lake");
    country.set("lakes", lakes);

    ArrayNode provinces = factory.arrayNode();
    ObjectNode province = factory.objectNode();
    ObjectNode province2 = factory.objectNode();
    province.put("name","Shanxi");
    province.put("population", 37751200);
    province2.put("name","ZheJiang");
    province2.put("population", 55080000);
    provinces.add(province).add(province2);
    country.set("provinces", provinces);

    ObjectNode traffic = factory.objectNode();
    traffic.put("HighWay(KM)", 4240000);
    traffic.put("Train(KM)", 112000);
    country.set("traffic", traffic);

    mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);
    mapper.writeTree(generator, country);
}

}

程序运行生成country2.json,内容如下:

  1. {“country_id”:”China”,”birthDate”:”1949-10-01”,”nation”:[“Han”,”Meng”,”Hui”,”WeiWuEr”,”Zang”],”lakes”:[“QingHai Lake”,”Poyang Lake”,”Dongting Lake”,”Taihu Lake”],”provinces”:[{“name”:”Shanxi”,”population”:37751200},{“name”:”ZheJiang”,”population”:55080000}],”traffic”:{“HighWay(KM)”:4240000,”Train(KM)”:112000}}  
{"country_id":"China","birthDate":"1949-10-01","nation":["Han","Meng","Hui","WeiWuEr","Zang"],"lakes":["QingHai Lake","Poyang Lake","Dongting Lake","Taihu Lake"],"provinces":[{"name":"Shanxi","population":37751200},{"name":"ZheJiang","population":55080000}],"traffic":{"HighWay(KM)":4240000,"Train(KM)":112000}}

    (2) json字符串反序列化为tree mode

    DeserializationExampleTreeModel1.java,请注意观察程序中不同的JsonNode的类型变化

    1. package com.jackson.json.treemodel;  
    2.   
    3. import java.io.File;  
    4. import java.util.Iterator;  
    5.   
    6. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;  
    7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
    8.   
    9. public class DeserializationExampleTreeModel1 {  
    10.   
    11.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
    12.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
    13.         // Jackson提供一个树节点被称为”JsonNode”,ObjectMapper提供方法来读json作为树的JsonNode根节点  
    14.         JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(new File(“country2.json”));  
    15.         // 看看根节点的类型  
    16.         System.out.println(”node JsonNodeType:”+node.getNodeType());  
    17.         // 是不是一个容器  
    18.         System.out.println(”node is container Node ? ”+node.isContainerNode());  
    19.         // 得到所有node节点的子节点名称  
    20.         System.out.println(”———得到所有node节点的子节点名称————————-“);  
    21.         Iterator<String> fieldNames = node.fieldNames();  
    22.         while (fieldNames.hasNext()) {  
    23.             String fieldName = fieldNames.next();  
    24.             System.out.print(fieldName+” ”);  
    25.         }  
    26.         System.out.println(”\n—————————————————–”);  
    27.         // as.Text的作用是有值返回值,无值返回空字符串  
    28.         JsonNode country_id = node.get(”country_id”);  
    29.         System.out.println(”country_id:”+country_id.asText() + “ JsonNodeType:”+country_id.getNodeType());  
    30.           
    31.         JsonNode birthDate = node.get(”birthDate”);  
    32.         System.out.println(”birthDate:”+birthDate.asText()+“ JsonNodeType:”+birthDate.getNodeType());  
    33.           
    34.         JsonNode nation = node.get(”nation”);  
    35.         System.out.println(”nation:”+ nation+ “ JsonNodeType:”+nation.getNodeType());  
    36.           
    37.         JsonNode lakes = node.get(”lakes”);  
    38.         System.out.println(”lakes:”+lakes+“ JsonNodeType:”+lakes.getNodeType());  
    39.   
    40.         JsonNode provinces = node.get(”provinces”);  
    41.         System.out.println(”provinces JsonNodeType:”+provinces.getNodeType());  
    42.   
    43.         boolean flag = true;  
    44.         for (JsonNode provinceElements : provinces) {  
    45.             //为了避免provinceElements多次打印,用flag控制打印,能体现provinceElements的JsonNodeType就可以了  
    46.             if(flag){  
    47.                 System.out.println(”provinceElements JsonNodeType:”+provinceElements.getNodeType());  
    48.                 System.out.println(”provinceElements is container node? ”+provinceElements.isContainerNode());  
    49.                 flag = false;  
    50.             }  
    51.             Iterator<String> provinceElementFields = provinceElements.fieldNames();  
    52.             while (provinceElementFields.hasNext()) {  
    53.                 String fieldName = (String) provinceElementFields.next();  
    54.                 String province;  
    55.                 if (“population”.equals(fieldName)) {  
    56.                     province = fieldName + ”:” + provinceElements.get(fieldName).asInt();  
    57.                 }else{  
    58.                     province = fieldName + ”:” + provinceElements.get(fieldName).asText();  
    59.                 }  
    60.                 System.out.println(province);  
    61.             }  
    62.         }  
    63.     }  
    64. }  
    package com.jackson.json.treemodel;
    

    import java.io.File;
    import java.util.Iterator;

    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

    public class DeserializationExampleTreeModel1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        // Jackson提供一个树节点被称为"JsonNode",ObjectMapper提供方法来读json作为树的JsonNode根节点
        JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(new File("country2.json"));
        // 看看根节点的类型
        System.out.println("node JsonNodeType:"+node.getNodeType());
        // 是不是一个容器
        System.out.println("node is container Node ? "+node.isContainerNode());
        // 得到所有node节点的子节点名称
        System.out.println("---------得到所有node节点的子节点名称-------------------------");
        Iterator&lt;String&gt; fieldNames = node.fieldNames();
        while (fieldNames.hasNext()) {
            String fieldName = fieldNames.next();
            System.out.print(fieldName+" ");
        }
        System.out.println("\n-----------------------------------------------------");
        // as.Text的作用是有值返回值,无值返回空字符串
        JsonNode country_id = node.get("country_id");
        System.out.println("country_id:"+country_id.asText() + " JsonNodeType:"+country_id.getNodeType());
    
        JsonNode birthDate = node.get("birthDate");
        System.out.println("birthDate:"+birthDate.asText()+" JsonNodeType:"+birthDate.getNodeType());
    
        JsonNode nation = node.get("nation");
        System.out.println("nation:"+ nation+ " JsonNodeType:"+nation.getNodeType());
    
        JsonNode lakes = node.get("lakes");
        System.out.println("lakes:"+lakes+" JsonNodeType:"+lakes.getNodeType());
    
        JsonNode provinces = node.get("provinces");
        System.out.println("provinces JsonNodeType:"+provinces.getNodeType());
    
        boolean flag = true;
        for (JsonNode provinceElements : provinces) {
            //为了避免provinceElements多次打印,用flag控制打印,能体现provinceElements的JsonNodeType就可以了
            if(flag){
                System.out.println("provinceElements JsonNodeType:"+provinceElements.getNodeType());
                System.out.println("provinceElements is container node? "+provinceElements.isContainerNode());
                flag = false;
            }
            Iterator&lt;String&gt; provinceElementFields = provinceElements.fieldNames();
            while (provinceElementFields.hasNext()) {
                String fieldName = (String) provinceElementFields.next();
                String province;
                if ("population".equals(fieldName)) {
                    province = fieldName + ":" + provinceElements.get(fieldName).asInt();
                }else{
                    province = fieldName + ":" + provinceElements.get(fieldName).asText();
                }
                System.out.println(province);
            }
        }
    }
    

    }

    程序运行后打印结果如下:

    1. node JsonNodeType:OBJECT  
    2. node is container Node ? true  
    3. ———得到所有node节点的子节点名称————————-  
    4. country_id birthDate nation lakes provinces traffic   
    5. —————————————————–  
    6. country_id:China JsonNodeType:STRING  
    7. birthDate:1949-10-01 JsonNodeType:STRING  
    8. nation:[“Han”,”Meng”,”Hui”,”WeiWuEr”,”Zang”] JsonNodeType:ARRAY  
    9. lakes:[“QingHai Lake”,”Poyang Lake”,”Dongting Lake”,”Taihu Lake”] JsonNodeType:ARRAY  
    10. provinces JsonNodeType:ARRAY  
    11. provinceElements JsonNodeType:OBJECT  
    12. provinceElements is container node? true  
    13. name:Shanxi  
    14. population:37751200  
    15. name:ZheJiang  
    16. population:55080000  
    node JsonNodeType:OBJECT
    node is container Node ? true
    ---------得到所有node节点的子节点名称-------------------------
    

    country_id birthDate nation lakes provinces traffic

    country_id:China JsonNodeType:STRING
    birthDate:1949-10-01 JsonNodeType:STRING
    nation:["Han","Meng","Hui","WeiWuEr","Zang"] JsonNodeType:ARRAY
    lakes:["QingHai Lake","Poyang Lake","Dongting Lake","Taihu Lake"] JsonNodeType:ARRAY
    provinces JsonNodeType:ARRAY
    provinceElements JsonNodeType:OBJECT
    provinceElements is container node? true
    name:Shanxi
    population:37751200
    name:ZheJiang
    population:55080000


    在来看一下DeserializationExampleTreeModel2.java,本例中使用JsonNode.path的方法,path方法类似于DeserializationExampleTreeModel1.java中使用的get方法,

    但当node不存在时,get方法返回null,而path返回MISSING类型的JsonNode

    1. package com.jackson.json.treemodel;  
    2.   
    3. import java.io.File;  
    4. import java.io.IOException;  
    5. import java.util.Iterator;  
    6.   
    7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;  
    8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;  
    9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
    10.   
    11. public class DeserializationExampleTreeModle2 {  
    12.       
    13.     public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException, IOException{  
    14.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
    15.         JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(new File(“country2.json”));  
    16.         //path方法获取JsonNode时,当对象不存在时,返回MISSING类型的JsonNode  
    17.         JsonNode missingNode = node.path(”test”);  
    18.         if(missingNode.isMissingNode()){  
    19.             System.out.println(”JsonNodeType : ” + missingNode.getNodeType());  
    20.         }  
    21.   
    22.         System.out.println(”country_id:”+node.path(“country_id”).asText());  
    23.           
    24.         JsonNode provinces = node.path(”provinces”);  
    25.         for (JsonNode provinceElements : provinces) {  
    26.             Iterator<String> provincesFields = provinceElements.fieldNames();  
    27.             while (provincesFields.hasNext()) {  
    28.                 String fieldName = (String) provincesFields.next();  
    29.                 String province;  
    30.                 if(“name”.equals(fieldName)){  
    31.                     province = fieldName +”:”+ provinceElements.path(fieldName).asText();  
    32.                 }else{  
    33.                     province = fieldName +”:”+ provinceElements.path(fieldName).asInt();  
    34.                 }  
    35.                 System.out.println(province);  
    36.             }  
    37.         }  
    38.     }  
    39.   
    40. }  
    package com.jackson.json.treemodel;
    

    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Iterator;

    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

    public class DeserializationExampleTreeModle2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException, IOException{
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(new File("country2.json"));
        //path方法获取JsonNode时,当对象不存在时,返回MISSING类型的JsonNode
        JsonNode missingNode = node.path("test");
        if(missingNode.isMissingNode()){
            System.out.println("JsonNodeType : " + missingNode.getNodeType());
        }
    
        System.out.println("country_id:"+node.path("country_id").asText());
    
        JsonNode provinces = node.path("provinces");
        for (JsonNode provinceElements : provinces) {
            Iterator&lt;String&gt; provincesFields = provinceElements.fieldNames();
            while (provincesFields.hasNext()) {
                String fieldName = (String) provincesFields.next();
                String province;
                if("name".equals(fieldName)){
                    province = fieldName +":"+ provinceElements.path(fieldName).asText();
                }else{
                    province = fieldName +":"+ provinceElements.path(fieldName).asInt();
                }
                System.out.println(province);
            }
        }
    }
    

    }

    程序运行打印结果:
    1. JsonNodeType : MISSING  
    2. country_id:China  
    3. name:Shanxi  
    4. population:37751200  
    5. name:ZheJiang  
    6. population:55080000  
    JsonNodeType : MISSING
    country_id:China
    name:Shanxi
    population:37751200
    name:ZheJiang
    population:55080000

    3.Stream处理Json

    (1)stream生成json

    1. package com.jackson.json.streaming;  
    2.   
    3. import java.io.File;  
    4. import java.io.FileWriter;  
    5. import java.io.Exception;  
    6.   
    7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;  
    8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;  
    9.   
    10. public class StreamGeneratorJson {  
    11.       
    12.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
    13.         JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();  
    14.         //从JsonFactory创建一个JsonGenerator生成器的实例  
    15.         JsonGenerator generator = factory.createGenerator(new FileWriter(new File(“country3.json”)));  
    16.           
    17.         generator.writeStartObject();  
    18.         generator.writeFieldName(”country_id”);  
    19.         generator.writeString(”China”);  
    20.         generator.writeFieldName(”provinces”);  
    21.         generator.writeStartArray();  
    22.         generator.writeStartObject();  
    23.         generator.writeStringField(”name”“Shanxi”);  
    24.         generator.writeNumberField(”population”33750000);  
    25.         generator.writeEndObject();  
    26.         generator.writeEndArray();  
    27.         generator.writeEndObject();  
    28.           
    29.         generator.close();  
    30.     }  
    31.   
    32. }  
    package com.jackson.json.streaming;
    

    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileWriter;
    import java.io.Exception;

    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;

    public class StreamGeneratorJson {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
        //从JsonFactory创建一个JsonGenerator生成器的实例
        JsonGenerator generator = factory.createGenerator(new FileWriter(new File("country3.json")));
    
        generator.writeStartObject();
        generator.writeFieldName("country_id");
        generator.writeString("China");
        generator.writeFieldName("provinces");
        generator.writeStartArray();
        generator.writeStartObject();
        generator.writeStringField("name", "Shanxi");
        generator.writeNumberField("population", 33750000);
        generator.writeEndObject();
        generator.writeEndArray();
        generator.writeEndObject();
    
        generator.close();
    }
    

    }

    程序运行后生成country3.json文件内容:

    1. {“country_id”:”China”,”provinces”:[{“name”:”Shanxi”,”population”:33750000}]}  
    {"country_id":"China","provinces":[{"name":"Shanxi","population":33750000}]}

      (2)stream解析json:
      现在adgcountry3.json,我们用Streaming API的方式来解析上面的Json,并查找json中population的值。
      1. package com.jackson.json.streaming;  
      2.   
      3. import java.io.File;  
      4. import java.io.IOException;  
      5.   
      6. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;  
      7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;  
      8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;  
      9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;  
      10.   
      11. /*Jackson API提供了token对每个Json对象,例如,Json开始符号“{”是token指向的第一个解析的对象, 
      12.  key:value键值对是另一个单独的对象。这个API很强大,但也需要编写大量代码。不推荐使用,平时更多的是使用DataBinding和TreeModel来处理json 
      13.  */  
      14. public class StreamParserJson {  
      15.     public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonParseException,  
      16.             IOException {  
      17.         JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();  
      18.         // 从JsonFactory创建JsonParser解析器的实例  
      19.         JsonParser parser = factory.createParser(new File(“country3.json”));  
      20.   
      21.         while (!parser.isClosed()) {  
      22.             // 得到一个token,第一次遍历时,token指向json文件中第一个符号”{“  
      23.             JsonToken token = parser.nextToken();  
      24.             if (token == null) {  
      25.                 break;  
      26.             }  
      27.             // 我们只查找 country3.json中的”population”字段的值,能体现解析的流程就可以了  
      28.             // 当key是provinces时,我们进入provinces,查找population  
      29.             if (JsonToken.FIELD_NAME.equals(token)  
      30.                     && ”provinces”.equals(parser.getCurrentName())) {  
      31.                 token = parser.nextToken();  
      32.                 if (!JsonToken.START_ARRAY.equals(token)) {  
      33.                     break;  
      34.                 }  
      35.                 // 此时,token指向的应该是”{“  
      36.                 token = parser.nextToken();  
      37.                 if (!JsonToken.START_OBJECT.equals(token)) {  
      38.                     break;  
      39.                 }  
      40.                 while (true) {  
      41.                     token = parser.nextToken();  
      42.                     if (token == null) {  
      43.                         break;  
      44.                     }  
      45.                     if (JsonToken.FIELD_NAME.equals(token)  
      46.                             && ”population”.equals(parser.getCurrentName())) {  
      47.                         token = parser.nextToken();  
      48.                         System.out.println(parser.getCurrentName() + ” : ”  
      49.                                 + parser.getIntValue());  
      50.                     }  
      51.                 }  
      52.             }  
      53.         }  
      54.     }  
      55.   
      56. }  
      package com.jackson.json.streaming;
      

      import java.io.File;
      import java.io.IOException;

      import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
      import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
      import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
      import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;

      /*Jackson API提供了token对每个Json对象,例如,Json开始符号“{”是token指向的第一个解析的对象,
      key:value键值对是另一个单独的对象。这个API很强大,但也需要编写大量代码。不推荐使用,平时更多的是使用DataBinding和TreeModel来处理json
      */
      public class StreamParserJson {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonParseException,
      IOException {
      JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
      // 从JsonFactory创建JsonParser解析器的实例
      JsonParser parser = factory.createParser(new File("country3.json"));

          while (!parser.isClosed()) {
              // 得到一个token,第一次遍历时,token指向json文件中第一个符号"{"
              JsonToken token = parser.nextToken();
              if (token == null) {
                  break;
              }
              // 我们只查找 country3.json中的"population"字段的值,能体现解析的流程就可以了
              // 当key是provinces时,我们进入provinces,查找population
              if (JsonToken.FIELD_NAME.equals(token)
                      &amp;&amp; "provinces".equals(parser.getCurrentName())) {
                  token = parser.nextToken();
                  if (!JsonToken.START_ARRAY.equals(token)) {
                      break;
                  }
                  // 此时,token指向的应该是"{"
                  token = parser.nextToken();
                  if (!JsonToken.START_OBJECT.equals(token)) {
                      break;
                  }
                  while (true) {
                      token = parser.nextToken();
                      if (token == null) {
                          break;
                      }
                      if (JsonToken.FIELD_NAME.equals(token)
                              &amp;&amp; "population".equals(parser.getCurrentName())) {
                          token = parser.nextToken();
                          System.out.println(parser.getCurrentName() + " : "
                                  + parser.getIntValue());
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      

      }

      程序运行后,在控制台打印结果如下:
      1. population : 33750000  
      population : 33750000

      总结

      上面的例子中,分别用3种方式处理Json,我的体会大致如下:

      Stream API方式是开销最低、效率最高,但编写代码复杂度也最高,在生成Json时,需要逐步编写符号和字段拼接json,在解析Json时,需要根据token指向也查找json值,生成和解析json都不是很方便,代码可读性也很低。
      Databinding处理Json是最常用的json处理方式,生成json时,创建相关的java对象,并根据json内容结构把java对象组装起来,最后调用writeValue方法即可生成json,
      解析时,就更简单了,直接把json映射到相关的java对象,然后就可以遍历java对象来获取值了。
      TreeModel处理Json,是以树型结构来生成和解析json,生成json时,根据json内容结构,我们创建不同类型的节点对象,组装这些节点生成json。解析json时,它不需要绑定json到java bean,根据json结构,使用path或get方法轻松查找内容。

      学习参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/lee0oo0/articles/2652528.html
      posted @ 2018-10-11 11:01  星朝  阅读(1359)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报