Java爬虫,信息抓取的实现(转)
转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/23272657
今天公司有个需求,需要做一些指定网站查询后的数据的抓取,于是花了点时间写了个demo供演示使用。
思想很简单:就是通过Java访问的链接,然后拿到html字符串,然后就是解析链接等需要的数据。
技术上使用Jsoup方便页面的解析,当然Jsoup很方便,也很简单,一行代码就能知道怎么用了:
- Document doc = Jsoup.connect("http://www.oschina.net/")
- .data("query", "Java") // 请求参数
- .userAgent("I ’ m jsoup") // 设置 User-Agent
- .cookie("auth", "token") // 设置 cookie
- .timeout(3000) // 设置连接超时时间
- .post(); // 使用 POST 方法访问 URL
1、分析需要解析的页面:
网址:http://www1.sxcredit.gov.cn/public/infocomquery.do?method=publicIndexQuery
页面:
先在这个页面上做一次查询:观察下请求的url,参数,method等。
这里我们使用chrome内置的开发者工具(快捷键F12),下面是查询的结果:
我们可以看到url,method,以及参数。知道了如何或者查询的URL,下面就开始代码了,为了重用与扩展,我定义了几个类:
1、Rule.java用于指定查询url,method,params等
- package com.zhy.spider.rule;
- /**
- * 规则类
- *
- * @author zhy
- *
- */
- public class Rule
- {
- /**
- * 链接
- */
- private String url;
- /**
- * 参数集合
- */
- private String[] params;
- /**
- * 参数对应的值
- */
- private String[] values;
- /**
- * 对返回的HTML,第一次过滤所用的标签,请先设置type
- */
- private String resultTagName;
- /**
- * CLASS / ID / SELECTION
- * 设置resultTagName的类型,默认为ID
- */
- private int type = ID ;
- /**
- *GET / POST
- * 请求的类型,默认GET
- */
- private int requestMoethod = GET ;
- public final static int GET = 0 ;
- public final static int POST = 1 ;
- public final static int CLASS = 0;
- public final static int ID = 1;
- public final static int SELECTION = 2;
- public Rule()
- {
- }
- public Rule(String url, String[] params, String[] values,
- String resultTagName, int type, int requestMoethod)
- {
- super();
- this.url = url;
- this.params = params;
- this.values = values;
- this.resultTagName = resultTagName;
- this.type = type;
- this.requestMoethod = requestMoethod;
- }
- public String getUrl()
- {
- return url;
- }
- public void setUrl(String url)
- {
- this.url = url;
- }
- public String[] getParams()
- {
- return params;
- }
- public void setParams(String[] params)
- {
- this.params = params;
- }
- public String[] getValues()
- {
- return values;
- }
- public void setValues(String[] values)
- {
- this.values = values;
- }
- public String getResultTagName()
- {
- return resultTagName;
- }
- public void setResultTagName(String resultTagName)
- {
- this.resultTagName = resultTagName;
- }
- public int getType()
- {
- return type;
- }
- public void setType(int type)
- {
- this.type = type;
- }
- public int getRequestMoethod()
- {
- return requestMoethod;
- }
- public void setRequestMoethod(int requestMoethod)
- {
- this.requestMoethod = requestMoethod;
- }
- }
- 规则类
- @author zhy
/
public class Rule
{
/*
* 链接
*/
private String url;
/**
* 参数集合
*/
private String[] params;
/**
* 参数对应的值
*/
private String[] values;
/**
* 对返回的HTML,第一次过滤所用的标签,请先设置type
*/
private String resultTagName;
/**
* CLASS / ID / SELECTION
* 设置resultTagName的类型,默认为ID
*/
private int type = ID ;
/**
*GET / POST
* 请求的类型,默认GET
*/
private int requestMoethod = GET ;
public final static int GET = 0 ;
public final static int POST = 1 ;
public final static int CLASS = 0;
public final static int ID = 1;
public final static int SELECTION = 2;
public Rule()
{
}
public Rule(String url, String[] params, String[] values,
String resultTagName, int type, int requestMoethod)
{
super();
this.url = url;
this.params = params;
this.values = values;
this.resultTagName = resultTagName;
this.type = type;
this.requestMoethod = requestMoethod;
}
public String getUrl()
{
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url)
{
this.url = url;
}
public String[] getParams()
{
return params;
}
public void setParams(String[] params)
{
this.params = params;
}
public String[] getValues()
{
return values;
}
public void setValues(String[] values)
{
this.values = values;
}
public String getResultTagName()
{
return resultTagName;
}
public void setResultTagName(String resultTagName)
{
this.resultTagName = resultTagName;
}
public int getType()
{
return type;
}
public void setType(int type)
{
this.type = type;
}
public int getRequestMoethod()
{
return requestMoethod;
}
public void setRequestMoethod(int requestMoethod)
{
this.requestMoethod = requestMoethod;
}
}
简单说一下:这个规则类定义了我们查询过程中需要的所有信息,方便我们的扩展,以及代码的重用,我们不可能针对每个需要抓取的网站写一套代码。
2、需要的数据对象,目前只需要链接,LinkTypeData.java
- package com.zhy.spider.bean;
- public class LinkTypeData
- {
- private int id;
- /
- 链接的地址
- /
- private String linkHref;
- /
- 链接的标题
- /
- private String linkText;
- /
- 摘要
- /
- private String summary;
- /
- 内容
- /
- private String content;
- public int getId()
- {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id)
- {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getLinkHref()
- {
- return linkHref;
- }
- public void setLinkHref(String linkHref)
- {
- this.linkHref = linkHref;
- }
- public String getLinkText()
- {
- return linkText;
- }
- public void setLinkText(String linkText)
- {
- this.linkText = linkText;
- }
- public String getSummary()
- {
- return summary;
- }
- public void setSummary(String summary)
- {
- this.summary = summary;
- }
- public String getContent()
- {
- return content;
- }
- public void setContent(String content)
- {
- this.content = content;
- }
- }
3、核心的查询类:ExtractService.java
- package com.zhy.spider.core;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- import javax.swing.plaf.TextUI;
- import org.jsoup.Connection;
- import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
- import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
- import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
- import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
- import com.zhy.spider.bean.LinkTypeData;
- import com.zhy.spider.rule.Rule;
- import com.zhy.spider.rule.RuleException;
- import com.zhy.spider.util.TextUtil;
- /**
- @author zhy
- /
- public class ExtractService
- {
- /**
- @param rule
- @return
- /
- public static List<LinkTypeData> extract(Rule rule)
- {
- // 进行对rule的必要校验
- validateRule(rule);
- List<LinkTypeData> datas = new ArrayList<LinkTypeData>();
- LinkTypeData data = null;
- try
- {
- /
- 解析rule
- /
- String url = rule.getUrl();
- String[] params = rule.getParams();
- String[] values = rule.getValues();
- String resultTagName = rule.getResultTagName();
- int type = rule.getType();
- int requestType = rule.getRequestMoethod();
- Connection conn = Jsoup.connect(url);
- // 设置查询参数
- if (params != null)
- {
- for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)
- {
- conn.data(params[i], values[i]);
- }
- }
- // 设置请求类型
- Document doc = null;
- switch (requestType)
- {
- case Rule.GET:
- doc = conn.timeout(100000).get();
- break;
- case Rule.POST:
- doc = conn.timeout(100000).post();
- break;
- }
- //处理返回数据
- Elements results = new Elements();
- switch (type)
- {
- case Rule.CLASS:
- results = doc.getElementsByClass(resultTagName);
- break;
- case Rule.ID:
- Element result = doc.getElementById(resultTagName);
- results.add(result);
- break;
- case Rule.SELECTION:
- results = doc.select(resultTagName);
- break;
- default:
- //当resultTagName为空时默认去body标签
- if (TextUtil.isEmpty(resultTagName))
- {
- results = doc.getElementsByTag("body");
- }
- }
- for (Element result : results)
- {
- Elements links = result.getElementsByTag("a");
- for (Element link : links)
- {
- //必要的筛选
- String linkHref = link.attr("href");
- String linkText = link.text();
- data = new LinkTypeData();
- data.setLinkHref(linkHref);
- data.setLinkText(linkText);
- datas.add(data);
- }
- }
- } catch (IOException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return datas;
- }
- /
- 对传入的参数进行必要的校验
- /
- private static void validateRule(Rule rule)
- {
- String url = rule.getUrl();
- if (TextUtil.isEmpty(url))
- {
- throw new RuleException("url不能为空!");
- }
- if (!url.startsWith("http://"))
- {
- throw new RuleException("url的格式不正确!");
- }
- if (rule.getParams() != null && rule.getValues() != null)
- {
- if (rule.getParams().length != rule.getValues().length)
- {
- throw new RuleException("参数的键值对个数不匹配!");
- }
- }
- }
- }
- @author zhy
/
public class ExtractService
{
/*
* @param rule
* @return
*/
public static List<LinkTypeData> extract(Rule rule)
{
// 进行对rule的必要校验
validateRule(rule);
List<LinkTypeData> datas = new ArrayList<LinkTypeData>();
LinkTypeData data = null;
try
{
/**
* 解析rule
*/
String url = rule.getUrl();
String[] params = rule.getParams();
String[] values = rule.getValues();
String resultTagName = rule.getResultTagName();
int type = rule.getType();
int requestType = rule.getRequestMoethod();
Connection conn = Jsoup.connect(url);
// 设置查询参数
if (params != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)
{
conn.data(params[i], values[i]);
}
}
// 设置请求类型
Document doc = null;
switch (requestType)
{
case Rule.GET:
doc = conn.timeout(100000).get();
break;
case Rule.POST:
doc = conn.timeout(100000).post();
break;
}
//处理返回数据
Elements results = new Elements();
switch (type)
{
case Rule.CLASS:
results = doc.getElementsByClass(resultTagName);
break;
case Rule.ID:
Element result = doc.getElementById(resultTagName);
results.add(result);
break;
case Rule.SELECTION:
results = doc.select(resultTagName);
break;
default:
//当resultTagName为空时默认去body标签
if (TextUtil.isEmpty(resultTagName))
{
results = doc.getElementsByTag("body");
}
}
for (Element result : results)
{
Elements links = result.getElementsByTag("a");
for (Element link : links)
{
//必要的筛选
String linkHref = link.attr("href");
String linkText = link.text();
data = new LinkTypeData();
data.setLinkHref(linkHref);
data.setLinkText(linkText);
datas.add(data);
}
}
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return datas;
}
/**
* 对传入的参数进行必要的校验
*/
private static void validateRule(Rule rule)
{
String url = rule.getUrl();
if (TextUtil.isEmpty(url))
{
throw new RuleException("url不能为空!");
}
if (!url.startsWith("http://"))
{
throw new RuleException("url的格式不正确!");
}
if (rule.getParams() != null && rule.getValues() != null)
{
if (rule.getParams().length != rule.getValues().length)
{
throw new RuleException("参数的键值对个数不匹配!");
}
}
}
}
4、里面用了一个异常类:RuleException.java
- package com.zhy.spider.rule;
- public class RuleException extends RuntimeException
- {
- public RuleException()
- {
- super();
- // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
- }
- public RuleException(String message, Throwable cause)
- {
- super(message, cause);
- // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
- }
- public RuleException(String message)
- {
- super(message);
- // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
- }
- public RuleException(Throwable cause)
- {
- super(cause);
- // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
- }
- }
5、最后是测试了:这里使用了两个网站进行测试,采用了不同的规则,具体看代码吧
- package com.zhy.spider.test;
- import java.util.List;
- import com.zhy.spider.bean.LinkTypeData;
- import com.zhy.spider.core.ExtractService;
- import com.zhy.spider.rule.Rule;
- public class Test
- {
- @org.junit.Test
- public void getDatasByClass()
- {
- Rule rule = new Rule(
- "http://www1.sxcredit.gov.cn/public/infocomquery.do?method=publicIndexQuery",
- new String[] { "query.enterprisename","query.registationnumber" }, new String[] { "兴网","" },
- "cont_right", Rule.CLASS, Rule.POST);
- List<LinkTypeData> extracts = ExtractService.extract(rule);
- printf(extracts);
- }
- @org.junit.Test
- public void getDatasByCssQuery()
- {
- Rule rule = new Rule("http://www.11315.com/search",
- new String[] { "name" }, new String[] { "兴网" },
- "div.g-mn div.con-model", Rule.SELECTION, Rule.GET);
- List<LinkTypeData> extracts = ExtractService.extract(rule);
- printf(extracts);
- }
- public void printf(List<LinkTypeData> datas)
- {
- for (LinkTypeData data : datas)
- {
- System.out.println(data.getLinkText());
- System.out.println(data.getLinkHref());
- System.out.println("***********************************");
- }
- }
- }
输出结果:
- 深圳市网兴科技有限公司
- http://14603257.11315.com
- 荆州市兴网公路物资有限公司
- http://05155980.11315.com
- 西安市全兴网吧
- #
- 子长县新兴网城
- #
- 陕西同兴网络信息有限责任公司第三分公司
- #
- 西安高兴网络科技有限公司
- #
- 陕西同兴网络信息有限责任公司西安分公司
- #
- ***********************************
最后使用一个Baidu新闻来测试我们的代码:说明我们的代码是通用的。
- /
- 使用百度新闻,只设置url和关键字与返回类型
- /
- @org.junit.Test
- public void getDatasByCssQueryUserBaidu()
- {
- Rule rule = new Rule("http://news.baidu.com/ns",
- new String[] { "word" }, new String[] { "支付宝" },
- null, -1, Rule.GET);
- List<LinkTypeData> extracts = ExtractService.extract(rule);
- printf(extracts);
- }
结果:有一定的垃圾数据是肯定的,但是需要的数据肯定也抓取出来了。我们可以设置Rule.SECTION,以及筛选条件进一步的限制。
- 按时间排序
- /ns?word=支付宝&ie=utf-8&bs=支付宝&sr=0&cl=2&rn=20&tn=news&ct=0&clk=sortbytime
- x
- javascript:void(0)
- 支付宝将联合多方共建安全基金 首批投入4000万
- http://finance.ifeng.com/a/20140409/12081871_0.shtml
- 7条相同新闻
- /ns?word=%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98%E5%AE%9D+cont:2465146414%7C697779368%7C3832159921&same=7&cl=1&tn=news&rn=30&fm=sd
- 百度快照
- http://cache.baidu.com/c?m=9d78d513d9d437ab4f9e91697d1cc0161d4381132ba7d3020cd0870fd33a541b0120a1ac26510d19879e20345dfe1e4bea876d26605f75a09bbfd91782a6c1352f8a2432721a844a0fd019adc1452fc423875d9dad0ee7cdb168d5f18c&p=c96ec64ad48b2def49bd9b780b64&newp=c4769a4790934ea95ea28e281c4092695912c10e3dd796&user=baidu&fm=sc&query=%D6%A7%B8%B6%B1%A6&qid=a400f3660007a6c5&p1=1
- OpenSSL漏洞涉及众多网站 支付宝称暂无数据泄露
- http://tech.ifeng.com/internet/detail_2014_04/09/35590390_0.shtml
- 26条相同新闻
- /ns?word=%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98%E5%AE%9D+cont:3869124100&same=26&cl=1&tn=news&rn=30&fm=sd
- 百度快照
- http://cache.baidu.com/c?m=9f65cb4a8c8507ed4fece7631050803743438014678387492ac3933fc239045c1c3aa5ec677e4742ce932b2152f4174bed843670340537b0efca8e57dfb08f29288f2c367117845615a71bb8cb31649b66cf04fdea44a7ecff25e5aac5a0da4323c044757e97f1fb4d7017dd1cf4&p=8b2a970d95df11a05aa4c32013&newp=9e39c64ad4dd50fa40bd9b7c5253d8304503c52251d5ce042acc&user=baidu&fm=sc&query=%D6%A7%B8%B6%B1%A6&qid=a400f3660007a6c5&p1=2
- 雅虎日本6月起开始支持支付宝付款
- http://www.techweb.com.cn/ucweb/news/id/2025843
- ****
如果有什么不足,可以指出;如果觉得对你有用,顶一下~~哈哈
源码下载,点击这里。