Oracle中常见的Hint(一)
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select /*+ all_rows */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7396; |
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scott@TEST>show parameter optimizer_mode NAME
TYPE
VALUE ------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------ optimizer_mode
string ALL_ROWS |
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select /*+ first_rows(10) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where deptno=30; |
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scott@TEST> alter session set optimizer_mode=first_rows_9; ERROR: ORA-00096: invalid value FIRST_ROWS_9 for parameter optimizer_mode, must be from among first_rows_1000, first_rows_100, first_rows_10, first_rows_1, first_rows, all_rows, choose, rule scott@TEST> set autotrace traceonly scott@TEST> select /*+ first_rows(9) */ empno from emp; 14 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 179099197 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT |
| 9 | 36 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_EMP |
9 | 36 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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集合运算(如UNION,INTERSACT,MINUS,UNION ALL等)
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GROUP BY
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FOR UPDATE
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聚合函数(比如SUM等)
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DISTINCT
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ORDER BY(对应的排序列上没有索引)
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select /*+ rule */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where deptno=30; |
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目标SQL除RULE之外还联合使用了其他Hint(如DRIVING_SITE)。
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目标SQL使用了并行执行
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目标SQL所涉及的对象有IOT
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目标SQL所涉及的对象有分区表
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select /*+ full (emp) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where deptno=30; |
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select /*+ rowid(emp) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where rowid= 'AAAR3xAAEAAAACXAAA' ; |
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select /*+ index (emp pk_emp) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; select /*+ index (emp pk_emp idx_emp_mgr idx_emp_dept) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; select /*+ index (emp (empno) (mgr) (deptno)) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; select /*+ index */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; |
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select /*+ no_index(emp pk_emp) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; select /*+ no_index(emp pk_emp idx_emp_mgr idx_emp_dept) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; select /*+ no_index */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; |
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select /*+ index_desc(emp pk_emp) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; select /*+ index_desc(emp pk_emp idx_emp_mgr idx_emp_dept) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; select /*+ index_desc */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; |
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scott@TEST> select /*+ index_desc(emp,pk_emp) */ empno from emp; EMPNO ---------- 7934 7902 7900 7876 7844 7839 7788 7782 7698 7654 7566 7521 7499 7369 14 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1838043032 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT
| | 10 | 40 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | INDEX FULL SCAN DESCENDING| PK_EMP |
10 | 40 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... |
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select /*+ index_combine(emp pk_emp idx_emp_mgr) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 ; select /*+ index_combine(emp pk_emp idx_emp_mgr idx_emp_deptno) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; select /*+ index_combine(emp) */ empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; |
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scott@TEST> create index idx_emp_mgr on emp(mgr); Index created. scott@TEST> create index idx_emp_dept on emp(deptno); Index created. scott@TEST> select /*+ index_combine(emp pk_emp idx_emp_mgr idx_emp_deptno) */ empno,ename,sal,job 2 from emp 3 where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; EMPNO ENAME
SAL JOB ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- --------------------------- 7369 SMITH
800 CLERK Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1816402415 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT
| | 1 | 29 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID
| EMP | 1 | 29 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 2 | BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS
| | | | | | | 3 | BITMAP AND
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| | | | | | 4 | BITMAP CONVERSION FROM ROWIDS|
| | | | | |* 5 | INDEX RANGE SCAN
| PK_EMP | | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 6 | BITMAP CONVERSION FROM ROWIDS|
| | | | | |* 7 | INDEX RANGE SCAN
| IDX_EMP_MGR | | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 8 | BITMAP CONVERSION FROM ROWIDS|
| | | | | |* 9 | INDEX RANGE SCAN
| IDX_EMP_DEPT | | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... |
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scott@TEST> alter session set "_b_tree_bitmap_plans" = false ; Session altered. scott@TEST> select /*+ index_combine(emp pk_emp idx_emp_mgr idx_emp_deptno) */ empno,ename,sal,job 2 from emp 3 where empno=7369 and mgr=7902 and deptno=20; EMPNO ENAME
SAL JOB ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- --------------------------- 7369 SMITH
800 CLERK Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 2949544139 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT
| | 1 | 29 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP |
1 | 29 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN
| PK_EMP | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... |
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select /*+ index_ffs(emp pk_emp) */ empno from emp; select /*+ index_ffs(emp idx_emp_1 idx_emp_2) */ empno from emp where mgr=7902 and deptno=20; --create index idx_emp_1 on emp(mgr,deptno,1); --create index idx_emp_2 on emp(mgr,deptno,2); select /*+ index_ffs(emp) */ empno from emp; |
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scott@TEST> select empno from emp; 14 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 179099197 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT |
| 10 | 40 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_EMP | 10 | 40 |
1 (0)| 00:00:01 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... scott@TEST> select /*+ index_ffs(emp) */empno from emp; 14 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 366039554 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT |
| 10 | 40 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| PK_EMP | 10 | 40 | 2
(0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... |
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select /*+ index_join(emp pk_emp idx_emp_mgr) */ empno,mgr from emp where empno>7369 and mgr<7902; select /*+ index_join(emp) */ empno,mgr from emp where empno>7369 and mgr<7902; |
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scott@TEST> select empno,mgr 2 from emp 3 where empno>7369 and mgr<7902; 12 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 2059184959 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT
| | 10 | 80 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP
| 10 | 80 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN
| IDX_EMP_MGR | 11 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... scott@TEST> select /*+ index_join(emp) */ empno,mgr 2 from emp 3 where empno>7369 and mgr<7902; 12 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3030719951 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name
| Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT |
| 10 | 80 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | VIEW
| index $_join$_001 | 10 | 80 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | HASH JOIN
|
| | | | | |* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_EMP_MGR | 10 | 80 | 2 (50)| 00:00:01 | |* 4 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| PK_EMP
| 10 | 80 | 2 (50)| 00:00:01 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... |
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select /*+ and_equal(emp idx_emp_mgr idx_emp_dept) */ empno,mgr from emp where deptno=20 and mgr=7902; |
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scott@TEST> select empno,mgr 2 from emp 3 where deptno=20 and mgr=7902; Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 2059184959 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT
| | 1 | 11 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP
| 1 | 11 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN
| IDX_EMP_MGR | 2 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... scott@TEST> select /*+ and_equal(emp idx_emp_mgr idx_emp_dept) */ empno,mgr 2 from emp 3 where deptno=20 and mgr=7902; Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3295440569 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT
| | 1 | 11 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP
| 1 | 11 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 2 | AND -EQUAL
| | | | | | |* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN
| IDX_EMP_MGR | 2 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 4 | INDEX RANGE SCAN
| IDX_EMP_DEPT | 5 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... |
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select /*+ ordered */ e.ename,j.job,e.sal,d.deptno from emp e,jobs j,dept d where e.empno=j.empno and e.deptno=d.deptno and d.loc= 'CHICAGO' order by e.ename; |
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scott@TEST> select e.ename,j.job,e.sal,d.deptno 2 from emp e,jobs j,dept d 3 where e.empno=j.empno 4 and e.deptno=d.deptno 5 and d.loc= 'CHICAGO' 6 order by e.ename; 6 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 4113290228 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5 | 235 | 9 (23)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 5 | 235 | 9 (23)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 235 | 8 (13)| 00:00:01 | | 3 | NESTED LOOPS | | | | | | | 4 | NESTED LOOPS | | 5 | 140 | 4 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEPT | 1 | 11 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 6 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_EMP_DEPT | 5 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 7 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 5 | 85 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JOBS | 14 | 266 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... scott@TEST> select /*+ ordered */ e.ename,j.job,e.sal,d.deptno 2 from emp e,jobs j,dept d 3 where e.empno=j.empno 4 and e.deptno=d.deptno 5 and d.loc= 'CHICAGO' 6 order by e.ename; 6 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3031293267 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5 | 235 | 11 (28)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 5 | 235 | 11 (28)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 235 | 10 (20)| 00:00:01 | | 3 | MERGE JOIN | | 14 | 504 | 6 (17)| 00:00:01 | | 4 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 14 | 238 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 5 | INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_EMP | 14 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 6 | SORT JOIN | | 14 | 266 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 | | 7 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JOBS | 14 | 266 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEPT | 1 | 11 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... scott@TEST> select /*+ ordered */ e.ename,j.job,e.sal,d.deptno 2 from emp e,dept d,jobs j 3 where e.empno=j.empno 4 and e.deptno=d.deptno 5 and d.loc= 'CHICAGO' 6 order by e.ename; 6 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1175157407 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5 | 235 | 11 (28)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 5 | 235 | 11 (28)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 235 | 10 (20)| 00:00:01 | | 3 | MERGE JOIN | | 5 | 140 | 6 (17)| 00:00:01 | | 4 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 14 | 238 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 5 | INDEX FULL SCAN | IDX_EMP_DEPT | 14 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 6 | SORT JOIN | | 1 | 11 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 | |* 7 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEPT | 1 | 11 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JOBS | 14 | 266 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... |
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select /*+ leading(t e) */ e.ename,j.job,e.sal,d.deptno from emp e,jobs j,dept d,emp_temp t where e.empno=j.empno and e.deptno=d.deptno and d.loc= 'CHICAGO' and e.ename=t.ename order by e.ename; |
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--不使用Hint scott@TEST> select e.ename,j.job,e.sal,d.deptno 2 from emp e,jobs j,dept d,emp_temp t 3 where e.empno=j.empno 4 and e.deptno=d.deptno 5 and d.loc= 'CHICAGO' 6 and e.ename=t.ename 7 order by e.ename; 6 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 558051962 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5 | 270 | 12 (17)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 5 | 270 | 12 (17)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 270 | 11 (10)| 00:00:01 | |* 3 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 235 | 8 (13)| 00:00:01 | | 4 | NESTED LOOPS | | | | | | | 5 | NESTED LOOPS | | 5 | 140 | 4 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 6 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEPT | 1 | 11 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 7 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_EMP_DEPT | 5 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 8 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 5 | 85 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 9 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JOBS | 14 | 266 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 10 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP_TEMP | 14 | 98 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ...... --使用LEADING Hint scott@TEST> select /*+ leading(t e) */ e.ename,j.job,e.sal,d.deptno 2 from emp e,jobs j,dept d,emp_temp t 3 where e.empno=j.empno 4 and e.deptno=d.deptno 5 and d.loc= 'CHICAGO' 6 and e.ename=t.ename 7 order by e.ename; 6 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 937897748 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5 | 270 | 15 (20)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 5 | 270 | 15 (20)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 270 | 14 (15)| 00:00:01 | |* 3 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 175 | 10 (10)| 00:00:01 | |* 4 | HASH JOIN | | 14 | 336 | 7 (15)| 00:00:01 | | 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP_TEMP | 14 | 98 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 6 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP | 14 | 238 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 7 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEPT | 1 | 11 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JOBS | 14 | 266 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... --使用Ordered Hint scott@TEST> select /*+ ordered */ e.ename,j.job,e.sal,d.deptno 2 from emp e,jobs j,dept d,emp_temp t 3 where e.empno=j.empno 4 and e.deptno=d.deptno 5 and d.loc= 'CHICAGO' 6 and e.ename=t.ename 7 order by e.ename; 6 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 2459794491 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5 | 270 | 14 (22)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 5 | 270 | 14 (22)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 270 | 13 (16)| 00:00:01 | |* 3 | HASH JOIN | | 5 | 235 | 10 (20)| 00:00:01 | | 4 | MERGE JOIN | | 14 | 504 | 6 (17)| 00:00:01 | | 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 14 | 238 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 6 | INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_EMP | 14 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 7 | SORT JOIN | | 14 | 266 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 | | 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JOBS | 14 | 266 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 9 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEPT | 1 | 11 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 10 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP_TEMP | 14 | 98 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...... |