并发编程之submit和execute区别
前言
使用线程池难免会用到submit和execute,但是submit是有坑的,此处做个记录
1、submit坑
此处随便写一个方法,进入内部查看execute和submit
/**
* @Author: 小混蛋
* @CreateDate: 2018/8/29 9:58
*/
@Component
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
ArrayList<Future<?>> arrayList = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int b = i;
Future<?> submit = es.submit(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
int a = b / 0;
});
arrayList.add(submit);
}
arrayList.forEach(s -> {
try {
s.get();
} catch (InterruptedException |ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
es.shutdown();
}
@Scheduled(cron = "")
public void test() {
}
}
ctrl加鼠标左键进入submit,查看AbstractExecutorService,发现submit底层调用的还是execute,但是提交的任务不是task,而是在task的基础上封装了一层FutureTask
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
重点来了,当submit提交的task里面出现未检查异常如RuntimeException和Error等,直接execute你的task肯定是抛异常;但是使用submit之后提交的FutureTask我们看下它的源码run方法:run方法和我们直接提交的task的run方法并不一样,该方法会对所有的Throwable类型进行捕获,并把异常通过setException保存在内部变量outcome里面。所以线程池执行的过程中异常不会被抛出
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
runner = null;
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
protected void setException(Throwable t) {
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
outcome = t;
UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, EXCEPTIONAL); // final state
finishCompletion();
}
}
另一个重点来了,当submit被futuretask.get的时候。会在report方法调用过程中抛出这个未检查异常!
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING)
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
return report(s);
}
private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {
Object x = outcome;
if (s == NORMAL)
return (V)x;
if (s >= CANCELLED)
throw new CancellationException();
throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
}
结论
1、submit在执行过程中与execute不一样,不会抛出异常而是把异常保存在成员变量中,在FutureTask.get阻塞获取的时候再把异常抛出来。
2、Spring的@Schedule注解的内部实现就是使用submit,因此,如果你构建的任务内部有未检查异常,你是永远也拿不到这个异常的。
3、execute直接抛出异常之后线程就死掉了,submit保存异常线程没有死掉,因此execute的线程池可能会出现没有意义的情况,因为线程没有得到重用。而submit不会出现这种情况。