day_7：代理使用
一、代理池
代理池分为4块：存储模块、获取模块、检测模块、接口模块，其中多进程运行获取、检测、接口
存储模块：负责存储抓取下来的代理。保证代理不重复，标识代理的可用情况，动态实时处理每个代理（使用Redis的Sorted-Set有序集合）
获取模块：需要定时在各大代理网站抓取代理。
检测模块：需要定时检测数据库中的代理。设置一个检测链接，标识每个代理的状态（100分可用，分越低越不可用）
接口模块：需要用API来提供对外服务的接口。Web API接口，随机取均衡负载。
程序流程： ---获取--(测试)-->存储<---->定时检测
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外部接口
项目目录
|-proxypool
|--crawler.py 获取模块
|--db.py 存储模块
|--tester.py 检测模块
|--conf.py 配置文件
|--api.py 接口模块
|--run.py 程序入口
2、代理池的实现
获取模块crawler.py
import re import requests from db import RedisClient from pyquery import PyQuery as pq from conf import * from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError class ProxyMetaclass(type): """ 元类 """ def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): """ :param name: :param bases: :param attrs: 包含类的所有方法信息，键名对应方法名称 :return: """ count = 0 attrs['__CrawlFunc__'] = [] # 遍历所有方法，筛选出以crawl_开头的方法 for k, v in attrs.items(): if 'crawl_' in k: attrs['__CrawlFunc__'].append(k) count += 1 attrs['__CrawlFuncCount__'] = count return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) class Crawler(object, metaclass=ProxyMetaclass): base_headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.71 Safari/537.36', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch', 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7' } def get_page(self, url, options={}): """ 抓取代理 :param url: 请求url :param options: 请求头参数 :return: 请求结果 """ headers = dict(Crawler.base_headers, **options) print('正在抓取', url) try: response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) if response.status_code == 200: print('抓取成功', url, response.status_code) return response.text except ConnectionError: print('抓取失败', url) return None def get_proxies(self, callback): """ 调用Crawler的以crawler开头的方法 :param callback: :return: 代理列表 """ proxies = [] for proxy in eval("self.{}()".format(callback)): print('成功获取到代理', proxy) proxies.append(proxy) return proxies def crawl_daili66(self, page_count=4): """ 获取代理66 :param page_count: 页码 :return: 代理 """ start_url = 'http://www.66ip.cn/{}.html' urls = [start_url.format(page) for page in range(1, page_count + 1)] for url in urls: print('Crawling', url) html = self.get_page(url) if html: doc = pq(html) trs = doc('.containerbox table tr:gt(0)').items() for tr in trs: ip = tr.find('td:nth-child(1)').text() port = tr.find('td:nth-child(2)').text() yield ':'.join([ip, port]) def crawl_ip3366(self): for page in range(1, 4): start_url = 'http://www.ip3366.net/free/?stype=1&page={}'.format(page) html = self.get_page(start_url) ip_address = re.compile('<tr>\s*<td>(.*?)</td>\s*<td>(.*?)</td>') # \s * 匹配空格，起到换行作用 re_ip_address = ip_address.findall(html) for address, port in re_ip_address: result = address + ':' + port yield result.replace(' ', '') def crawl_kuaidaili(self): for i in range(1, 4): start_url = 'http://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/{}/'.format(i) html = self.get_page(start_url) if html: ip_address = re.compile('<td data-title="IP">(.*?)</td>') re_ip_address = ip_address.findall(html) port = re.compile('<td data-title="PORT">(.*?)</td>') re_port = port.findall(html) for address, port in zip(re_ip_address, re_port): address_port = address + ':' + port yield address_port.replace(' ', '') def crawl_xicidaili(self): for i in range(1, 3): start_url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/{}'.format(i) headers = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8', 'Cookie': '_free_proxy_session=BAh7B0kiD3Nlc3Npb25faWQGOgZFVEkiJWRjYzc5MmM1MTBiMDMzYTUzNTZjNzA4NjBhNWRjZjliBjsAVEkiEF9jc3JmX3Rva2VuBjsARkkiMUp6S2tXT3g5a0FCT01ndzlmWWZqRVJNek1WanRuUDBCbTJUN21GMTBKd3M9BjsARg%3D%3D--2a69429cb2115c6a0cc9a86e0ebe2800c0d471b3', 'Host': 'www.xicidaili.com', 'Referer': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/3', 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1', } html = self.get_page(start_url, options=headers) if html: find_trs = re.compile('<tr class.*?>(.*?)</tr>', re.S) trs = find_trs.findall(html) for tr in trs: find_ip = re.compile('<td>(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)</td>') re_ip_address = find_ip.findall(tr) find_port = re.compile('<td>(\d+)</td>') re_port = find_port.findall(tr) for address, port in zip(re_ip_address, re_port): address_port = address + ':' + port yield address_port.replace(' ', '') def crawl_ip3366(self): for i in range(1, 4): start_url = 'http://www.ip3366.net/?stype=1&page={}'.format(i) html = self.get_page(start_url) if html: find_tr = re.compile('<tr>(.*?)</tr>', re.S) trs = find_tr.findall(html) for s in range(1, len(trs)): find_ip = re.compile('<td>(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)</td>') re_ip_address = find_ip.findall(trs[s]) find_port = re.compile('<td>(\d+)</td>') re_port = find_port.findall(trs[s]) for address, port in zip(re_ip_address, re_port): address_port = address + ':' + port yield address_port.replace(' ', '') def crawl_iphai(self): start_url = 'http://www.iphai.com/' html = self.get_page(start_url) if html: find_tr = re.compile('<tr>(.*?)</tr>', re.S) trs = find_tr.findall(html) for s in range(1, len(trs)): find_ip = re.compile('<td>\s+(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\s+</td>', re.S) re_ip_address = find_ip.findall(trs[s]) find_port = re.compile('<td>\s+(\d+)\s+</td>', re.S) re_port = find_port.findall(trs[s]) for address, port in zip(re_ip_address, re_port): address_port = address + ':' + port yield address_port.replace(' ', '') def crawl_data5u(self): start_url = 'http://www.data5u.com/free/gngn/index.shtml' headers = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7', 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Cookie': 'JSESSIONID=47AA0C887112A2D83EE040405F837A86', 'Host': 'www.data5u.com', 'Referer': 'http://www.data5u.com/free/index.shtml', 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.108 Safari/537.36', } html = self.get_page(start_url, options=headers) if html: ip_address = re.compile('<span><li>(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)</li>.*?<li class=\"port.*?>(\d+)</li>', re.S) re_ip_address = ip_address.findall(html) for address, port in re_ip_address: result = address + ':' + port yield result.replace(' ', '') class GetProxy(): def __init__(self): self.redis = RedisClient() self.crawler = Crawler() def is_over_threshold(self): """ 判断是否达到了代理池限制 """ return True if self.redis.count() >= POOL_UPPER_THRESHOLD else False def run(self): print('获取器开始执行') if not self.is_over_threshold(): for callback_label in range(self.crawler.__CrawlFuncCount__): callback = self.crawler.__CrawlFunc__[callback_label] # 获取代理 proxies = self.crawler.get_proxies(callback) for proxy in proxies: self.redis.add(proxy)
三个类：
- ProxyMetaclass(元类)：筛选出Crawler类中以crawler_开头的方法
- Crawler：爬虫类
- get_page：获取页面
- get_proxies：调用以crawler开头的方法，返回代理list
- 其他都是对应网站的解析方法
- GetProxy
- 初始化redis和crawler
- is_over_threashold：判断代理池是否达到阀值
- run：运行crawler里的所有以crawler开头的方法
存储模块db.py
- Redis ZSet存储：字段是IP:PORT+分数(整数)
- 分数：最高100，(新获取代理)初始10，最低0，每次测试不可用减1，0分删除
import redis from conf import * from random import choice import re class PoolEmptyError(Exception): def __init__(self): Exception.__init__(self) def __str__(self): return repr('代理池已经枯竭') class RedisClient(object): def __init__(self, host=REDIS_HOST, port=REDIS_PORT, password=REDIS_PASSWORD): """ 初始化 :param host: Redis 地址 :param port: Redis 端口 :param password: Redis密码 """ self.db = redis.Redis(host=host, port=port, password=password, decode_responses=True) def add(self, proxy, score=INITIAL_SCORE): """ 添加代理，设置分数为最高 :param proxy: 代理 :param score: 分数 :return: 添加结果 """ if not re.match('\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+\:\d+', proxy): print('代理不符合规范', proxy, '丢弃') return if not self.db.zscore(REDIS_KEY, proxy): return self.db.zadd(REDIS_KEY, {proxy:score}) def random(self): """ 随机获取有效代理，首先尝试获取最高分数代理，如果不存在，按照排名获取，否则异常 :return: 随机代理 """ result = self.db.zrangebyscore(REDIS_KEY, MAX_SCORE, MAX_SCORE) if len(result): return choice(result) else: result = self.db.zrevrange(REDIS_KEY, 0, 100) if len(result): return choice(result) else: raise PoolEmptyError def decrease(self, proxy): """ 代理值减一分，小于最小值则删除 :param proxy: 代理 :return: 修改后的代理分数 """ score = self.db.zscore(REDIS_KEY, proxy) if score and score > MIN_SCORE: print('代理', proxy, '当前分数', score, '减1') return self.db.zincrby(REDIS_KEY, -1, proxy) else: print('代理', proxy, '当前分数', score, '移除') return self.db.zrem(REDIS_KEY, proxy) def exists(self, proxy): """ 判断是否存在 :param proxy: 代理 :return: 是否存在 """ return not self.db.zscore(REDIS_KEY, proxy) == None def max(self, proxy): """ 将代理设置为MAX_SCORE :param proxy: 代理 :return: 设置结果 """ print('代理', proxy, '可用，设置为', MAX_SCORE) return self.db.zadd(REDIS_KEY, MAX_SCORE, proxy) def count(self): """ 获取数量 :return: 数量 """ return self.db.zcard(REDIS_KEY) def all(self): """ 获取全部代理 :return: 全部代理列表 """ return self.db.zrangebyscore(REDIS_KEY, MIN_SCORE, MAX_SCORE) def batch(self, start, stop): """ 批量获取 :param start: 开始索引 :param stop: 结束索引 :return: 代理列表 """ return self.db.zrevrange(REDIS_KEY, start, stop - 1)
- PoolEmptyError：自定义代理池报错类
- RedisClient：redis服务器
- __init__初始化redis链接池
- add添加到redis
- random随机获取有效代理
- decrease处理测试过的代理
- exists：代理是否存在
- max：代理设置为最高分
- count：获取代理数量
- all:获取所有代理
- batch：批量获取代理
检测模块Tester.py
import asyncio import aiohttp import time try: from aiohttp import ClientError except: from aiohttp import ClientProxyConnectionError as ProxyConnectionError from db import RedisClient from conf import * class Tester(object): def __init__(self): self.redis = RedisClient() async def test_single_proxy(self, proxy): """ 测试单个代理 :param proxy: :return: """ conn = aiohttp.TCPConnector(verify_ssl=False) async with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=conn) as session: try: if isinstance(proxy, bytes): proxy = proxy.decode('utf-8') real_proxy = 'http://' + proxy print('正在测试', proxy) async with session.get(TEST_URL, proxy=real_proxy, timeout=15, allow_redirects=False) as response: if response.status in VALID_STATUS_CODES: self.redis.max(proxy) print('代理可用', proxy) else: self.redis.decrease(proxy) print('请求响应码不合法 ', response.status, 'IP', proxy) except (ClientError, aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientConnectorError, asyncio.TimeoutError, AttributeError, aiohttp.client_exceptions.ServerDisconnectedError): self.redis.decrease(proxy) print('代理请求失败', proxy) def run(self): """ 测试主函数 :return: """ print('测试器开始运行') try: count = self.redis.count() print('当前剩余', count, '个代理') for i in range(0, count, BATCH_TEST_SIZE): start = i stop = min(i + BATCH_TEST_SIZE, count) print('正在测试第', start + 1, '-', stop, '个代理') test_proxies = self.redis.batch(start, stop) loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() tasks = [self.test_single_proxy(proxy) for proxy in test_proxies] loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks)) time.sleep(1) except Exception as e: print('测试器发生错误', e.args)
接口模块api.py
from flask import Flask, g from db import RedisClient __all__ = ['app'] app = Flask(__name__) def get_conn(): if not hasattr(g, 'redis'): g.redis = RedisClient() return g.redis @app.route('/') def index(): return '<h2>Welcome to Proxy Pool System</h2>' @app.route('/random') def get_proxy(): """ Get a proxy :return: 随机代理 """ conn = get_conn() return conn.random() @app.route('/count') def get_counts(): """ Get the count of proxies :return: 代理池总量 """ conn = get_conn() return str(conn.count()) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
配置文件conf
# Redis数据库地址 REDIS_HOST = '127.0.0.1' # Redis端口 REDIS_PORT = 6379 # Redis密码，如无填None REDIS_PASSWORD = None REDIS_KEY = 'proxies' # 代理分数 MAX_SCORE = 100 MIN_SCORE = 0 INITIAL_SCORE = 10 VALID_STATUS_CODES = [200, 302] # 代理池数量界限 POOL_UPPER_THRESHOLD = 50000 # 检查周期 TESTER_CYCLE = 20 # 获取周期 GETTER_CYCLE = 300 # 测试API，建议抓哪个网站测哪个 TEST_URL = 'http://www.baidu.com' # API配置 API_HOST = '0.0.0.0' API_PORT = 5555 # 开关 TESTER_ENABLED = True GETTER_ENABLED = True API_ENABLED = True # 最大批测试量 BATCH_TEST_SIZE = 100
程序入口run.py 多线程运行获取、检测、接口模块
import sys import io import time from multiprocessing import Process from api import app from crawler import GetProxy from tester import Tester from conf import * sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-8') class Scheduler(): def schedule_tester(self, cycle=TESTER_CYCLE): """ 定时测试代理 """ tester = Tester() while True: print('测试器开始运行') tester.run() time.sleep(cycle) def schedule_getter(self, cycle=GETTER_CYCLE): """ 定时获取代理 """ get_proxy = GetProxy() while True: print('开始抓取代理') get_proxy.run() time.sleep(cycle) def schedule_api(self): """ 开启API """ app.run(API_HOST, API_PORT) def run(self): print('代理池开始运行') if TESTER_ENABLED: tester_process = Process(target=self.schedule_tester) tester_process.start() if GETTER_ENABLED: getter_process = Process(target=self.schedule_getter) getter_process.start() if API_ENABLED: api_process = Process(target=self.schedule_api) api_process.start() def main(): try: s = Scheduler() s.run() except: main() if __name__ == '__main__': main()
