混合溶剂中的高分子凝胶中的渗透压的一般计算
在博文混合溶剂中的高分子凝胶理论推导中,渗透压计算是按照各组分均匀分布来计算的。在一般情况下,各组分不是均匀分布,那该如何计算渗透压呢?
对于混合溶剂中的高分子凝胶,由于体积不可压缩性约束条件,三种组分不是独立的,我们把独立组分选为凝胶和一种溶剂。自由能密度为
\begin{equation*} \begin{split} f(\phi_{2},\phi_3)=&(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)\ln(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)+\phi_{2}\ln\phi_{2}\\ &+\chi_{12}(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)\phi_2 +\chi_{13}(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)\phi_3+\chi_{23}\phi_2\phi_3 \end{split} \end{equation*}
渗透压为
\begin{equation*} \Pi=\phi_2\frac{\partial f}{\partial \phi_2}+\phi_3\frac{\partial f}{\partial \phi_3}-f(\phi_{2},\phi_3) \end{equation*}
第一项
\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \phi_2\frac{\partial f}{\partial \phi_2}=&\phi_2\left [-\ln(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)+\ln\phi_{2}+\chi_{12}(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)-\chi_{12} \phi_{2} \\ -\chi_{13}\phi_3+\chi_{23}\phi_3\right ]\\ =&-\phi_2\ln(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)+\phi_2\ln\phi_{2}+\chi_{12}(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)\phi_2 \\ &-\chi_{12} \phi_{2}^2-\chi_{13}\phi_2\phi_3+\chi_{23}\phi_2\phi_3 \end{split} \end{equation*}
第二项
\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \phi_3\frac{\partial f}{\partial \phi_3}=&\phi_3\left [-\ln(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)-1-\chi_{12}\phi_{2}-\chi_{13}\phi_3+\\ \chi_{13}(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)+\chi_{23}\phi_2\right ]\\ =&-\phi_3\ln(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)-\phi_3-\chi_{12}\phi_{2}\phi_3-\chi_{13}\phi_3^2+\\ &\chi_{13}(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)\phi_3+\chi_{23}\phi_2\phi_3 \end{split} \end{equation*}
于是渗透压为
\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \Pi=&\phi_2\frac{\partial f}{\partial \phi_2}+\phi_3\frac{\partial f}{\partial \phi_3}-f(\phi_{2},\phi_3)\\ =&-\ln(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)-\phi_3-\chi_{12}\phi_{2}\phi_3-\chi_{12}\phi_{2}^2-\chi_{13}\phi_2\phi_3 -\\ &\chi_{13}\phi_3^2+\chi_{23}\phi_2\phi_3 \\ =&-\ln(1-\phi_{2}-\phi_3)-\phi_3-\chi_{13}\phi_3^2-\chi_{12}\phi_{2}^2+G\phi_2\phi_3 \end{split} \end{equation*}
其中
\begin{equation*} G=\chi_{23}-\chi_{12}-\chi_{13} \end{equation*}
本体溶液自自由能密度
\begin{equation*} f_s(\phi_{2s})=(1-\phi_{2s})\ln(1-\phi_{2s})+\phi_{2s}\ln\phi_{2s}+\chi_{12}(1-\phi_{2s})\phi_{2s} \end{equation*}
渗透压为
\begin{equation*} \begin{split} \Pi_s=&\phi_{2s}\frac{\partial f_s}{\partial \phi_{2s}}-f_s(\phi_{2s})\\ =&-\ln(1-\phi_{2s})-\chi_{12}\phi_{2s}^2 \end{split} \end{equation*}
其他体系的渗透压计算与此类似。