[LeetCode in Python] 301 (H) remove invalid parentheses 删除无效的括号

题目

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/remove-invalid-parentheses/

删除最小数量的无效括号,使得输入的字符串有效,返回所有可能的结果。

说明: 输入可能包含了除 ( 和 ) 以外的字符。

示例 1:

输入: "()())()"
输出: ["()()()", "(())()"]

示例 2:

输入: "(a)())()"
输出: ["(a)()()", "(a())()"]

示例 3:

输入: ")("
输出: [""]

解题思路

  • 先扫描s,确认最少需要删除多少个左括号和右括号,记为left和right
  • 然后DFS,对每一个括号都看一下,如果将其干掉,是否可行?
  • DFS函数的套路是:
    • 先是退出判断:left和right都为0,且字符串合法
    • 然后从上一次处理的位置开始遍历
    • 如果是括号
      • 如果与前一个字符相同,跳过
      • 因为这会造成重复结果,所以跳过是个优化
    • 如果是左括号,且left>0,则干掉该括号,然后递归DFS,参数中left--
    • 如果是右括号,且right>0,则干掉该括号,然后递归DFS,参数中right--
  • 没有重复括号判断也可以工作,只是效率低

代码

class Solution:
    def removeInvalidParentheses(self, s: str) -> List[str]:
        # - find how many left and right parentheses should remove
        left, right = 0, 0
        for c in s:
            if c == '(':
                left += 1
            elif c == ')':
                if left == 0:
                    right += 1
                else:
                    left -= 1
            else:
                pass
        
        # - check if valid
        def is_valid(s):
            level = 0
            for c in s:
                if c == '(':
                    level += 1
                elif c == ')':
                    if level == 0:
                        return False
                    else:
                        level -= 1
                else:
                    pass

            return level==0

        # - dfs
        def dfs(s, index, left, right, res):
            """
            from index to find ( or ),
            left and right means how many ( and ) to remove
            """

            # - exit check
            if (left == 0) and (right == 0) and is_valid(s):
                res.append(s)
                return

            for i in range(index, len(s)):
                c = s[i]
                if c in ['(', ')']:
                    # - if continous ( or ), only use first one
                    if (i > 0) and (c == s[i-1]): continue

                    # - try remove ( or )
                    if (c == ')') and (right > 0):
                        dfs(s[:i]+s[i+1:], i, left, right-1, res)
                    elif (c == '(') and (left > 0):
                        dfs(s[:i]+s[i+1:], i, left-1, right, res)
                    else:
                        pass

        # - start here
        res = []
        dfs(s, 0, left, right, res)
        
        return list(set(res))
posted @ 2020-04-14 00:57  ET民工[源自火星]  阅读(424)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报