selenium的使用与scrapy的简介
doc = '''
<html>
<head>
<base href='http://example.com/' />
<title>Example website</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id='images'>
<a href='image1.html' id='id_a'>Name: My image 1 <br/><img src='image1_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image2.html'>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src='image2_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image3.html'>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src='image3_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image4.html'>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src='image4_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image5.html' class='li li-item' name='items'>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src='image5_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image6.html' name='items'><span><h5>test</h5></span>Name: My image 6 <br /><img src='image6_thumb.jpg' /></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
'''
from lxml import etree
html = etree.HTML(doc)
html=etree.parse('search.html',etree.HTMLParser())
1.获取所有节点
a = html.xpath('//*') # 根目录下所有节点获取
2.获取指定结果(结果为列表)
a=html.xpath('//head') # [<Element head at 0x1f7813be880>]
3.子节点，子孙节点
a = html.xpath('//div/a')
a = html.xpath('//body/a') # 查找不到body子路径有a那么就会直接返回一个空列表
a = html.xpath('//body//a')
4.父节点
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/..')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[1]/..')
####################
a= html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::*')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::div')
5.属性匹配
a = html.xpath('body//a[@href="image1.html"]')
6.文本获取 text()
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/text()')
7.属性获取
a = html.xpath('//body//a/@href') # 获取所有属性
a = html.xpath('//body//a/@id')
注意从1开始取（不是从0）
a = html.xpath('//body//a[1]/@id')
8.属性多值匹配
a标签有多个class类，直接匹配就不可以了，需要用contains
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@class="li"]')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@name="items"]')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]/text()')
9.多属性匹配
a = html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") or @name="items"]')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") and @name="items"]/text')
10.顺序查找
a = html.xpath('//a[2]/text()')
a = html.xpath('//a[3]/@href')
取最后一个
a = html.xpath('//a[last()]/@href')
位置小于3的
a = html.xpath('//a[position()<3]/@href')
倒数第二个
a = html.xpath('//a[last()-2]/@href')
11.节点轴选择
ancestor # 祖先节点
使用了*获取所有祖先节点
a = html.xpath('//a/ancestor::*')
获取祖先节点中的div
a = html.xpath('//a/ancestor::div')
attribute 属性值
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::*')
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::href')
child # 直接子节点
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/child::*')
descendant 所有子孙节点
a = html.xpath('//a[6]/descendant::*')
following 当前节点之后所有节点
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*')
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*[1]/@href')
following-sibling 当前节点之后同级别节点
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*')
a =html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::a')
a =html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]')
a =html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]/@href')
print(a)
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')
bro.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
try:
bro.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
sourse = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='draggable')
target = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='droppable')
# 方式一：基于同一个动作链串行执行
# actions = ActionChains(bro) # 拿到动作链串行对象
# actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) # 将动作放到动作链中串行执行
# actions.perform()
# 方式二:不同的动作链，每次移动的位移都不同
ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
distance = target.location['x'] - sourse.location['x']
print('目标距离源的轴距离:', distance)
trace = 0
while trace < distance:
ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=4, yoffset=0).perform()
trace += 4
ActionChains(bro).release().perform()
time.sleep(10)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
bro.close()
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled") # 去掉自动化控制的提示
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe',options=options)
bro.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
try:
username = bro.find_element(by=By.ID,value='J-userName')
username.send_keys('')
password = bro.find_element(by=By.ID,value='J-password')
password.send_keys('')
time.sleep(3)
btn = bro.find_element(by=By.ID,value='J-login')
btn.click()
span = bro.find_element(by=By.ID,value='nc_1_n1z')
ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(span).perform()
ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=300,yoffset=0).perform()
time.sleep(5)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
bro.close()
打码平台其实就是我们将验证码图片发往第三方，然后第三方帮我们解决，我们只需要用钱就可以了，简单的验证码花钱少一些，复杂的验证码花钱较多例如steam的就需要很多钱
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from chaojiying import Chaojiying_Client
from PIL import Image
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')
bro.get('http://www.chaojiying.com/user/login/')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
bro.maximize_window()
try:
username = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[1]/input')
password = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[2]/input')
code = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[3]/input')
btn = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[4]/input')
username.send_keys('306334678')
password.send_keys('lqz123')
bro.save_screenshot('main.png')
img = bro.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/div/img')
location = img.location
size = img.size
print(location)
print(size)
img_tu = (int(location['x']), int(location['y']), int(location['x'] + size['width']), int(location['y'] + size['height']))
img = Image.open('./main.png')
fram = img.crop(img_tu)
fram.save('code.png')
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('','','')
im = open('code.png','rb').read()
print(chaojiying.PostPic(im,1902))
res_code = chaojiying.PostPic(im,1902)['pic_str']
code.send_keys(res_code)
time.sleep(5)
btn.click()
time.sleep(5)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
bro.close()
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
def get_goods(driver):
try:
goods = driver.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='gl-item')
for good in goods:
name = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-name em').text
price = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-price i').text
commit = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-commit a').text
url = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-name a').get_attribute('href')
img = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-img img').get_attribute('src')
if not img:
img = 'https://' + good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-img img').get_attribute(
'data-lazy-img')
print('''
商品名字：%s
商品价格：%s
商品链接：%s
商品图片：%s
商品评论：%s
''' % (name, price, url, img, commit))
button = driver.find_elements(by=By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,value='下一页')
button.click()
time.sleep(1)
get_goods(driver)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
def spider(url,keyword):
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')
driver.get(url)
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
try:
input_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.ID,value='key')
input_tag.send_keys(keyword)
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
get_goods(driver)
finally:
driver.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
spider('https://www.jd.com/',keyword='精品内衣')
# 前面学的都是模块，做专业的爬虫，可以使用框架 (django:web) scrapy:爬虫框架
-做爬虫用的东西，都封装好了，只需要在固定的位置写固定的代码即可
# scrapy 号称爬虫界的djagno
-django 大而全，做web相关的它都用
-scrapy 大而全，做爬虫的，它都用
# 介绍
Scrapy一个开源和协作的框架，其最初是为了页面抓取 (更确切来说, 网络抓取 )所设计的，使用它可以以快速、简单、可扩展的方式从网站中提取所需的数据。但目前Scrapy的用途十分广泛，可用于如数据挖掘、监测和自动化测试等领域，也可以应用在获取API所返回的数据或者通用的网络爬虫
# 安装 scrapy
-mac，linux：
pip3 install scrapy
-win：看人品
-pip3 install scrapy
-人品不好：
1、pip3 install wheel #安装后，便支持通过wheel文件安装软件 xx.whl
3、pip3 install lxml
4、pip3 install pyopenssl
5、下载并安装pywin32：https://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/
6、下载twisted的wheel文件：http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#twisted
7、执行pip3 install 下载目录\Twisted-17.9.0-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
8、pip3 install scrapy
# 释放出scrapy 可执行文件
-以后使用这个创建爬虫项目 ---》django-admin创建django项目
# 创建爬虫项目
scrapy startproject myfirstscrapy
# 创建爬虫 [django创建app]
scrapy genspider cnblogs www.cnblogs.com
# 启动爬虫
scrapy crawl cnblogs --nolog
# pycharm中运行
新建run.py
from scrapy.cmdline import execute
execute(['scrapy', 'crawl', 'cnblogs','--nolog'])
