Json的几种序化和反序化

我们知道在.NET中我们有多种对象序列化的方式,如XML方式序列化、Binary序列化,其中XML序列化是一种比较通用的在各语言之间传递数据的方式。除了这两种序列化方式之外,在.NET中还可以使用JSON序列化。
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级轻量级的数据交换格式,并且它独立于编程语言,与XML序列化相比,JSON序列化后产生的数据一般要比XML序列化后数 据体积小,所以在Facebook等知名网站中都采用了JSON作为数据交换方式。在.NET中有三种常用的JSON序列化的类,分别是 System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类、 System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类和 Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类。
为了便于下面的演示,下面提供一个类的代码:

[DataContract]  
    public class User  
    {  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 编号  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        public int UserId { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 用户名  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        public string UserName { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 创建时间  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        [JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))]  
        public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 生日  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]  
        public DateTime Birthday { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 相关URL  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        public List<string> Urls { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 薪水  
        /// </summary>  
        //[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段  
        //[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段  
        //[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段  
        public int Salary { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 权利级别  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        public Priority Priority { get; set; }  
      
        public User()  
        {  
            Urls = new List<string>();  
        }  
    }  
    /// <summary>  
    /// 权利级别  
    /// </summary>  
    public enum Priority:byte  
    {  
        Lowest=0x1,  
        BelowNormal=0x2,  
        Normal=0x4,  
        AboveNormal=0x8,  
        Highest=0x16  
    } 
 

 

System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer 类是.NET类库中自带的一种JSON序列化实现,在.NET Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用这个类,这个类位于System.Web.Extensions.dll中,使用这个类是必须添加对这个 dll的引用。
下面的代码是使用JavaScriptSerializer进行序列化和反序列化的例子:

 

使用System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类

public static void JavaScriptSerializerDemo()  
    {  
        User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary = 500000 };  
        //JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用  
        JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();  
        //JSON序列化  
        string result=serializer.Serialize(user);  
        Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);  
        //JSON反序列化  
        user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result);  
        Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);  
      
    } 

说明:如果不想序列化某个字段,可以在字段前面加[JsonIgnore]标记。


使用System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer 类位于System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,使用这个类时除了需要添加对System.ServiceModel.Web.dll 的引用之外,还需要添加System.Runtime.Serialization.dll的引用,注意这个类也是在.NET Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用。
下面是使用DataContractJsonSerializer类的例子:

public static void DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()  
    {  
        User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary = 50000 };  
        string result = string.Empty;  
        //DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用  
        DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User));  
          
        using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())  
        {  
            //JSON序列化  
            serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);  
            result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());  
            Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);  
        }  
      
        //JSON反序列化  
        byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);  
        using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(buffer))  
        {  
            user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as User;  
            Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);  
        }  
    } 
 

 

注 意:要使用DataContractJsonSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化,必须给类加上[DataContract]属性,对要序列化的 字段加上[DataMember]属性,如果不想序列化某个字段或者属性,可以加上[IgnoreDataMember]属性。


使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类
Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类是非微软提供的一个JSON序列化和反序列的开源免费的类库(下载网址是:http://www.codeplex.com/json/), 它提供了更灵活的序列化和反序列化控制,并且如果你的开发环境使用的是.NET Framework3.5及以后版本的话,你就可以使用Linq to JSON,这样一来面对一大段的数据不必一一解析,你可以使用Linq to JSON解析出你关心的那部分即可,非常方便。
下面是使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类的例子:


public static void JsonConvertDemo()  
    {  
        User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary = 5000 };  
        //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用  
        //JSON序列化  
        string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);  
        Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);  
        //JSON反序列化  
        user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result);  
        Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);  
    }  
      
    public static void JsonConvertLinqDemo()  
    {  
        User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "周公", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary = 500, Urls = new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com", "http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn" } };  
        //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用  
        //JSON序列化  
        string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);  
        Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);  
        //使用Linq to JSON  
        JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result);  
        JToken token = jobject["Urls"];  
        List<string> urlList = new List<string>();  
        foreach (JToken t in token)  
        {  
            urlList.Add(t.ToString());  
        }  
        Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:[");  
        for (int i = 0; i < urlList.Count - 1;i++ )  
        {  
            Console.Write(urlList[i] + ",");  
        }  
        Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count - 1] + "]");  
    } 

 

注 意:如果有不需要序列化的字段,可以给该字段添加[JsonIgnore]标记。在Newtonsoft这个类库中对于日期的序列化有多种方式,可以类的 DataTime成员添加上对应的标记,这样在进行序列化和反序列化时就会按照指定的方式进行,在本例中User类的CreateDate属性添加的属性 是[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))],而Birthday属性添加的属性是 [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))],从序列化的结果可以看出来它们最终的表现 形式并不一样。
本文中所有的示例代码如下:

 

 

using System;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Text;  
    using System.Web.Script.Serialization;  
    using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;  
    using System.IO;  
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;  
    using Newtonsoft.Json;  
    using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;  
    using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;  
      
    namespace JSONDemo  
    {  
    class Program  
    {  
        static void Main(string[] args)  
        {  
            JavaScriptSerializerDemo();  
            DataContractJsonSerializerDemo();  
            JsonConvertDemo();  
            JsonConvertLinqDemo();  
            Console.ReadLine();  
        }  
      
        public static void JavaScriptSerializerDemo()  
        {  
            User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary = 500000 };  
            //JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用  
            JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();  
            //JSON序列化  
            string result=serializer.Serialize(user);  
            Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);  
            //JSON反序列化  
            user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result);  
            Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);  
      
        }  
      
        public static void DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()  
        {  
            User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary = 50000 };  
            string result = string.Empty;  
            //DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用  
            DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User));  
              
            using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())  
            {  
                //JSON序列化  
                serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);  
                result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());  
                Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);  
            }  
      
            //JSON反序列化  
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);  
            using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(buffer))  
            {  
                user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as User;  
                Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);  
            }  
        }  
      
        public static void JsonConvertDemo()  
        {  
            User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary = 5000 };  
            //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用  
            //JSON序列化  
            string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);  
            Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);  
            //JSON反序列化  
            user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result);  
            Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);  
        }  
      
        public static void JsonConvertLinqDemo()  
        {  
            User user = new User { UserId = 1, UserName = "周公", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary = 500, Urls = new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com", "http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn" } };  
            //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用  
            //JSON序列化  
            string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);  
            Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);  
            //使用Linq to JSON  
            JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result);  
            JToken token = jobject["Urls"];  
            List<string> urlList = new List<string>();  
            foreach (JToken t in token)  
            {  
                urlList.Add(t.ToString());  
            }  
            Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:[");  
            for (int i = 0; i < urlList.Count - 1;i++ )  
            {  
                Console.Write(urlList[i] + ",");  
            }  
            Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count - 1] + "]");  
        }  
    }  
      
    [DataContract]  
    public class User  
    {  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 编号  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        public int UserId { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 用户名  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        public string UserName { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 创建时间  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        [JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))]  
        public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 生日  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]  
        public DateTime Birthday { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 相关URL  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        public List<string> Urls { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 薪水  
        /// </summary>  
        [ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段  
        [IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段  
        [JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段  
        public int Salary { get; set; }  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 权利级别  
        /// </summary>  
        [DataMember]  
        public Priority Priority { get; set; }  
      
        public User()  
        {  
            Urls = new List<string>();  
        }  
    }  
    /// <summary>  
    /// 权利级别  
    /// </summary>  
    public enum Priority:byte  
    {  
        Lowest=0x1,  
        BelowNormal=0x2,  
        Normal=0x4,  
        AboveNormal=0x8,  
        Highest=0x16  
    }  
    } 

 

 

程序的运行结果如下:
使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"//Date(353521211984)//","Birthday":"//Date(-277630788015)//","Urls":[],"Priority":22},长度:127  
    使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-15 16:20:11,Priority:Highest  
    使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{"Birthday":"//Date(-277630787953+0800)//","CreateDate":"//Date(353521212046+0800)//","Priority":8,"Urls":[],"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚"},长度:136  
    使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:AboveNormal  
    使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"1981-03-16T00:20:12.1875+08:00","Birthday":new Date(-277630787812),"Urls":[],"Priority":2},长度:132  
    使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:BelowNormal  
    使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"周公","CreateDate":"2003-03-16T00:20:12.40625+08:00","Birthday":new Date(290362812406),"Urls":["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"],"Priority":1},长度:198  
    使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"] 

 

 

 

总结:通过上面的例子大家可以看出Newtonsoft类库提供的JSON序列化和反序列的方式更加灵活,在实际开发中周公也一直使用Newtonsoft作为JSON序列化和反序列化的不二选择。

 

 

 

posted on 2012-07-27 14:19  米高佐敦  阅读(363)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报