Android 通过Uri获取真实路径以及文件名
2023年4月 建议使用 👉 https://github.com/javakam/FileOperator
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在Android 开发中经常会用到 Uri 获取文件路径/文件名的操作。
使用 https://github.com/javakam/FileOperator 中的 FileUri.kt (https://github.com/javakam/FileOperator/blob/master/library_core/src/main/java/ando/file/core/FileUri.kt) 提供的方法:
//从File路径中获取Uri fun getUriByPath(path: String?): Uri? = if (path.isNullOrBlank()) null else getUriByFile(File(path)) fun getUriByFile(file: File?): Uri? { if (file == null) return null return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) { val authority = FileOperator.getContext().packageName + PATH_SUFFIX FileProvider.getUriForFile(FileOperator.getContext(), authority, file) } else { Uri.fromFile(file) } } //获取Uri对应的文件路径,兼容API 26 fun getFilePathByUri(context: Context?, uri: Uri?): String? { if (context == null || uri == null) return null val scheme = uri.scheme // 以 file:// 开头的 if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme, ignoreCase = true)) {//使用第三方应用打开 uri.path } return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) { //4.4以后 getPath(context, uri) } else { //4.4以下 getPathKitkat(context, uri) } }
FileUri.kt
package ando.file.core import ando.file.FileOperator import android.annotation.TargetApi import android.content.ContentResolver import android.content.ContentUris import android.content.Context import android.net.Uri import android.os.Build import android.os.Environment import android.provider.DocumentsContract import android.provider.MediaStore import android.text.TextUtils import androidx.core.content.FileProvider import java.io.File /** * Title: FileUri * <p> * Description: Uri 工具类 * </p> * @author javakam * @date 2020/8/24 11:24 */ object FileUri { //从 File Path 中获取 Uri //---------------------------------------------------------------- fun getUriByPath(path: String?): Uri? = if (path.isNullOrBlank()) null else getUriByFile(File(path)) /** * Return a content URI for a given file. * * @param file The file. * @return a content URI for a given file */ fun getUriByFile(file: File?): Uri? { if (file == null) return null return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) { val authority = FileOperator.getContext().packageName + PATH_SUFFIX FileProvider.getUriForFile(FileOperator.getContext(), authority, file) } else { Uri.fromFile(file) } } //获取Uri对应的文件路径 兼容API 26 //---------------------------------------------------------------- /** * 根据uri获取文件的绝对路径，解决Android 4.4以上 根据uri获取路径的方法 * * <p> * RequiresPermission(permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) * @param uri * @return */ fun getFilePathByUri(uri: Uri?): String? = getFilePathByUri(FileOperator.getContext(), uri) /** * 根据uri获取文件的绝对路径，解决Android 4.4以上 根据uri获取路径的方法 * * <p> * RequiresPermission(permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) * @param context * @param uri * @return */ fun getFilePathByUri(context: Context?, uri: Uri?): String? { if (context == null || uri == null) return null val scheme = uri.scheme // 以 file:// 开头的 if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme, ignoreCase = true)) {//使用第三方应用打开 uri.path } return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) { //4.4以后 getPath(context, uri) } else { //4.4以下 getPathKitkat(context, uri) } } private fun getPathKitkat(context: Context, contentUri: Uri): String? = context.contentResolver.query(contentUri, null, null, null, null).use { c -> @Suppress("DEPRECATION") val column = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA return if (null != c && c.moveToFirst()) c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(column)) else null } /** * Get a file path from a Uri. This will get the the path for Storage Access * Framework Documents, as well as the _data field for the MediaStore and * other file-based ContentProviders.<br></br> * <br></br> * Callers should check whether the path is local before assuming it * represents a local file. * * <pre> * 错误的方式 -> 采用复制文件的方式重新写入再获取路径 * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42508383/illegalargumentexception-column-data-does-not-exist * @param context The context. * @param uri The Uri to query. * @see #isLocal * @see #getFile */ @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) private fun getPath(context: Context, uri: Uri?): String? { if (uri != null) { FileLogger.i( "FileUri getPath -> File : ", "Authority: " + uri.authority + ", Fragment: " + uri.fragment + ", Port: " + uri.port + ", Query: " + uri.query + ", Scheme: " + uri.scheme + ", Host: " + uri.host + ", Segments: " + uri.pathSegments.toString() ) } val isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT // DocumentProvider if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) { // ExternalStorageProvider if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) { val docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri) val split = docId.split(":").toTypedArray() val type = split[0] if ("primary".equals(type, ignoreCase = true)) { @Suppress("DEPRECATION") return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() .toString() + File.separator + split[1] } else if ("home".equals(type, ignoreCase = true)) { @Suppress("DEPRECATION") return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() .toString() + File.separator + "documents" + File.separator + split[1] } } else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) { val id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri) if (id != null && id.startsWith("raw:")) { return id.substring(4) } // Android Q 待验证 val contentUriPrefixesToTry = arrayOf( "content://downloads/public_downloads", "content://downloads/my_downloads", "content://downloads/all_downloads" ) for (contentUriPrefix in contentUriPrefixesToTry) { val contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId( Uri.parse(contentUriPrefix), id.toLong() ) try { val path = getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null) if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) { return path } } catch (e: Exception) { } } if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) { return uri?.path } } else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) { val docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri) val split = docId.split(":").toTypedArray() val type = split[0] var contentUri: Uri? = null when (type) { "image" -> contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI "video" -> contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI "audio" -> contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI } val selection = "_id=?" val selectionArgs = arrayOf(split[1]) return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs) } } else if ("content".equals(uri?.scheme, ignoreCase = true)) { // Return the remote address if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri)) { return uri?.lastPathSegment } else if (isHuaWeiUri(uri)) { val uriPath = uri?.path //content://com.huawei.hidisk.fileprovider/root/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.xxx.xxx/ if (uriPath != null && uriPath.startsWith("/root")) { return uriPath.replace("/root".toRegex(), "") } } return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) uri?.path else getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null) } else if ("file".equals(uri?.scheme, ignoreCase = true)) { uri?.path } return uri?.path } /** * <pre> * 两个BUG : * 1.Android 10 闪退问题 * 2.部分机型进入"文件管理器" 执行到 cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);出现 * Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: column '_data' does not exist. Available columns: [] * Fixed : * FileChooserPathUtils 注释 * 和 * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42508383/illegalargumentexception-column-data-does-not-exist * </pre> */ private fun getDataColumn( context: Context, uri: Uri?, selection: String?, selectionArgs: Array<String>?, ): String? { @Suppress("DEPRECATION") val column = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA val projection = arrayOf(column) context.contentResolver.query( uri ?: return null, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null )?.use { try { if (it.moveToFirst()) { val columnIndex = it.getColumnIndex(column) return it.getString(columnIndex) } else uri.path } catch (e: Throwable) { FileLogger.e("getDataColumn -> ${e.message}") } } return uri.path } //The Uri to check //---------------------------------------------------------------- /** * @param uri The Uri to check. * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos. */ fun isGooglePhotosUri(uri: Uri?): Boolean { return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content" == uri?.authority } /** * @param uri The Uri to check. * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider. */ private fun isExternalStorageDocument(uri: Uri?): Boolean { return "com.android.externalstorage.documents" == uri?.authority } /** * @param uri The Uri to check. * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider. */ private fun isDownloadsDocument(uri: Uri?): Boolean { return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents" == uri?.authority } /** * @param uri The Uri to check. * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider. */ private fun isMediaDocument(uri: Uri?): Boolean { return "com.android.providers.media.documents" == uri?.authority } /** * content://com.huawei.hidisk.fileprovider/root/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.xxx.xxx/ * * @param uri * @return */ private fun isHuaWeiUri(uri: Uri?): Boolean { return "com.huawei.hidisk.fileprovider" == uri?.authority } }
