Sicily 1151. 魔板 解题报告
1151_魔板
题目链接:
题目大意:
初始矩阵为: 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 有A,B,C三种操作方式来变化矩阵,给定目标矩阵,求要经过多少步能得到目标矩阵,超过步数限制误解则输出-1
思路:
为了操作简单直接用了string来存储矩阵,初始直接为"12348765",每一个状态经过三种变化可以产生三种新的状态,因此可以用宽度优先搜索来查找目标状态。因为最后还要输出变化的过程,所以对于每一个过程状态都要记录下由初始矩阵变化来的步骤。为了方便根据目标状态查找操作步骤,建立状态到步骤的映射,即用map<string,string>来存储,初始的"12348765"映射到""空的步骤,然后宽度搜索到的每个状态检查是否已经在map中,不在的话则增加进去,这样可以找到所有的状态以及得到这些状态所需的步骤的映射。
宽度优先搜索这里用了队列来实现,就是将每一层的结点全部压到队列中,每次弹出一个并将该结点的子结点全部压到队列尾部,直到队列为空。
代码:
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <map> using namespace std; map<string, string> m; void build_map(); void changeA(const string &s1, string &s2); void changeB(const string &s1, string &s2); void changeC(const string &s1, string &s2); int main() { build_map(); int request_steps; while (cin >> request_steps && request_steps != -1) { string target; int temp; for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { cin >> temp; target += string(1, '0' + temp); } if (m.find(target) == m.end() || m[target].size() > (unsigned)request_steps) cout << "-1" << endl; else cout << m[target].size() << " " << m[target] << endl; } return 0; } void build_map() { string initial_string = "12348765"; queue<string> q; m[initial_string] = ""; q.push(initial_string); while (!q.empty()) { string cur = q.front(), temp = string(8, ' ');//将字符串长度初始化为8 q.pop(); changeA(cur, temp); if(m.find(temp) == m.end()){ m[temp] = m[cur] + "A"; q.push(temp); } changeB(cur, temp); if(m.find(temp) == m.end()){ m[temp] = m[cur] + "B"; q.push(temp); } changeC(cur, temp); if(m.find(temp) == m.end()){ m[temp] = m[cur] + "C"; q.push(temp); } } } void changeA(const string &s1, string &s2) { s2[0] = s1[4]; s2[1] = s1[5]; s2[2] = s1[6]; s2[3] = s1[7]; s2[4] = s1[0]; s2[5] = s1[1]; s2[6] = s1[2]; s2[7] = s1[3]; } void changeB(const string &s1, string &s2) { s2[0] = s1[3]; s2[1] = s1[0]; s2[2] = s1[1]; s2[3] = s1[2]; s2[4] = s1[7]; s2[5] = s1[4]; s2[6] = s1[5]; s2[7] = s1[6]; } void changeC(const string &s1, string &s2) { s2[0] = s1[0]; s2[1] = s1[5]; s2[2] = s1[1]; s2[3] = s1[3]; s2[4] = s1[4]; s2[5] = s1[6]; s2[6] = s1[2]; s2[7] = s1[7]; }