Sicily 1151. 魔板 解题报告

1151_魔板

 

题目链接:

http://soj.me/1151

 

 

题目大意:

初始矩阵为: 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 有A,B,C三种操作方式来变化矩阵,给定目标矩阵,求要经过多少步能得到目标矩阵,超过步数限制误解则输出-1

 

 

思路:

为了操作简单直接用了string来存储矩阵,初始直接为"12348765",每一个状态经过三种变化可以产生三种新的状态,因此可以用宽度优先搜索来查找目标状态。因为最后还要输出变化的过程,所以对于每一个过程状态都要记录下由初始矩阵变化来的步骤。为了方便根据目标状态查找操作步骤,建立状态到步骤的映射,即用map<string,string>来存储,初始的"12348765"映射到""空的步骤,然后宽度搜索到的每个状态检查是否已经在map中,不在的话则增加进去,这样可以找到所有的状态以及得到这些状态所需的步骤的映射。

宽度优先搜索这里用了队列来实现,就是将每一层的结点全部压到队列中,每次弹出一个并将该结点的子结点全部压到队列尾部,直到队列为空。

 

 

 

代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
#include <map>
using namespace std;

map<string, string> m;

void build_map();

void changeA(const string &s1, string &s2);
void changeB(const string &s1, string &s2);
void changeC(const string &s1, string &s2);

int main() {
	build_map();

	int request_steps;
	while (cin >> request_steps && request_steps != -1) {
		string target;
		int temp;
		for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
			cin >> temp;
			target += string(1, '0' + temp);
		}
		if (m.find(target) == m.end() || m[target].size() > (unsigned)request_steps)
			cout << "-1" << endl;
		else
			cout << m[target].size() << " " << m[target] << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

void build_map() {
	string initial_string = "12348765";
	queue<string> q;
	m[initial_string] = "";
	q.push(initial_string);

	while (!q.empty()) {
		string cur = q.front(), temp = string(8, ' ');//将字符串长度初始化为8
		q.pop();

		changeA(cur, temp);
		if(m.find(temp) == m.end()){
			m[temp] = m[cur] + "A";
			q.push(temp);
		}

		changeB(cur, temp);
		if(m.find(temp) == m.end()){
			m[temp] = m[cur] + "B";
			q.push(temp);
		}

		changeC(cur, temp);
		if(m.find(temp) == m.end()){
			m[temp] = m[cur] + "C";
			q.push(temp);
		}
	}
}

void changeA(const string &s1, string &s2) {
	s2[0] = s1[4];
	s2[1] = s1[5];
	s2[2] = s1[6];
	s2[3] = s1[7];
	s2[4] = s1[0];
	s2[5] = s1[1];
	s2[6] = s1[2];
	s2[7] = s1[3];
}
void changeB(const string &s1, string &s2) {
	s2[0] = s1[3];
	s2[1] = s1[0];
	s2[2] = s1[1];
	s2[3] = s1[2];
	s2[4] = s1[7];
	s2[5] = s1[4];
	s2[6] = s1[5];
	s2[7] = s1[6];
}
void changeC(const string &s1, string &s2) {
	s2[0] = s1[0];
	s2[1] = s1[5];
	s2[2] = s1[1];
	s2[3] = s1[3];
	s2[4] = s1[4];
	s2[5] = s1[6];
	s2[6] = s1[2];
	s2[7] = s1[7];
}
posted @ 2014-09-17 11:20  Jolin123  阅读(431)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报