Cracking the Coding Interview 10.7
Design an algorithm to find the kth number such that the only prime factors are 3,5 and 7
方法一:
a[i]=min{a[s1]*3,a[s2]*5,a[s3]*7};
s1<i,s2<i,s3<i && a[s1]*3>a[i-1],a[s2]*3>a[i-1],a[s3]*7>a[i-1]
时间复杂度O(n^2)
#include<stdio.h> int min(int a,int b,int c) { int smallest = a<b?a:b; smallest = smallest<c?smallest:c; return smallest; } int func(int k) { int m3=0; int m5=0; int m7=0; int *p = new int[k+1]; p[0]=1; for(int i=1;i<=k;i++) { for(int j=0;j<i;j++) { if(p[j]*7>p[i-1]) { m7=p[j]*7; break; } } for(int j=0;j<i;j++) { if(p[j]*5>p[i-1]) { m5=p[j]*5; break; } } for(int j=0;j<i;j++) { if(p[j]*3>p[i-1]) { m3=p[j]*3; break; } } p[i]=min(m3,m5,m7); } int r = p[k]; delete[] p; p = NULL; return r; } int main() { int k=1024; printf("%dth:%d\n",k,func(k)); return 0; }
方法二:
将1填入输出数组的第一位,然后准备三个队列Q3,Q5,Q7,分别压入1*3,1*5,1*7
第i位就是三个队列的队首元素中最小的,然后将该元素从队列取出:
如果是从Q3取出,则将该数分别乘以3,5,7,再将三个数分别插入到Q3,Q5,Q7队尾
如果是从Q5取出,则将该数分别乘以5,7,再将两个数分别插入到Q5,Q7队尾
如果是从Q7取出,则将该数乘以7,再将结果插入到Q7队尾
直到取出第K+1位(1不算)
时间复杂度O(n)
#include<iostream> #include<deque> using namespace std; int func(int k) { deque<int>Q3; deque<int>Q5; deque<int>Q7; int pi=1; Q3.push_back(3); Q5.push_back(5); Q7.push_back(7); for(int i=1;i<k+1;i++) { if(Q3.front()<Q5.front() && Q3.front()<Q7.front()) { pi=Q3.front(); Q3.pop_front(); Q3.push_back(3*pi); Q5.push_back(5*pi); Q7.push_back(7*pi); } else if(Q5.front()<Q3.front() && Q5.front()<Q7.front()) { pi=Q5.front(); Q5.pop_front(); Q5.push_back(5*pi); Q7.push_back(7*pi); } else if(Q7.front()<Q3.front() && Q7.front()<Q5.front()) { pi=Q7.front(); Q7.pop_front(); Q7.push_back(7*pi); } else { cout<<"error"<<endl; } } return pi; } int main() { for(int k=1;k<16;k++) { cout<<k<<"th:"<<func(k)<<endl; } return 0; }