[MySQL] MySQL数据库中唯一标识符(ID)的梳理总结

0 引言

  • mysql 数据库中有各类id,在近期初步研究 flink cdc 、debezium、mysql server id、server uuid、gtid、sesion id/connection id等相关概念后,基本有了一定的认知,趁热打铁,记录总结下来。

概述

server id = debezium BinaryLogClient 的 sid

  • 定义
  • server-id用于标识数据库集群实例的节点,防止在链式主从、多主多从拓扑中导致SQL语句的无限循环
  • 配置、查看、使用

server uuid

  • 定义
  • server-uuid参数并不能取代server-id,他们有不同的作用。当主从同步时,如果主从实例的server-uuid相同会报错退出
  • server-uuid 与 gtid 的关系 : gtid = {server-uuid}:{transaction-id}
  • 配置、查看、使用

transaction id = Xid = 事务ID

gtid = {server uuid}:{transaction id}

  • 定义
  • GTID,又叫全局事务ID(Global Transaction ID)
  • 用于取代过去传统的主从复制(即:基于binlog和position的异步复制)。
  • 查看、使用

connection id = information_schema.processlist.id = session id = debezium BinaryLogClient 的 cid = debezium BinaryLogClient 的 thread id ≠ MYSQL THREADS表 的 thread_id

  • 定义
  • 数据库连接ID(connection id) = 会话ID(session id)
  • = information_schema.processlist.id (可理解为:对外的线程ID、面向用户的线程ID)
  • = show processlist.id
  • = performance_schema.threads.processlist_id
  • = debezium BinaryLogClient 的 cid
  • = debezium BinaryLogClient 的 thread id
  • ≠ MYSQL THREADS表 的 thread_id (可理解为:对内的MYSQL服务层面的内部线程ID,基于 threads 表 关联 processlist_id、mysql os thread id)
  • connection_id = session_id = PROCESSLIST_ID
> mysql> select connection_id();
+-----------------+
| connection_id() |
+-----------------+
|              15           |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host            | db   | Command | Time | State    | Info             |
+----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
|  3 | root | localhost:60989 | cmdb | Sleep   |  318 |          | NULL             |
|  4 | root | localhost:60990 | cmdb | Sleep   |  318 |          | NULL             |
| 15 | root | localhost       | NULL | Query   |    0 | starting | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
...

mysql> select * from  information_schema.processlist;
+----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ID | USER | HOST            | DB   | COMMAND | TIME | STATE     | INFO                                          |
+----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+
|  3 | root | localhost:60989 | cmdb | Sleep   |  157 |           | NULL                                          |
| 15 | root | localhost       | NULL | Query   |    0 | executing | select * from  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST |
|  4 | root | localhost:60990 | cmdb | Sleep   |  157 |           | NULL                                          |
+----+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select thread_id, name, processlist_id from performance_schema.threads;
+-----------+----------------------------------------+----------------+
| thread_id | name                                   | processlist_id |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+----------------+
|         1 | thread/sql/main                        |           NULL |
|         2 | thread/sql/thread_timer_notifier       |           NULL |
|         3 | thread/innodb/io_ibuf_thread           |           NULL |
|         4 | thread/innodb/io_log_thread            |           NULL |
|         5 | thread/innodb/io_read_thread           |           NULL |
|         6 | thread/innodb/io_read_thread           |           NULL |
|         7 | thread/innodb/io_read_thread           |           NULL |
|         8 | thread/innodb/io_read_thread           |           NULL |
|         9 | thread/innodb/io_write_thread          |           NULL |
|        10 | thread/innodb/io_write_thread          |           NULL |
|        11 | thread/innodb/io_write_thread          |           NULL |
|        12 | thread/innodb/io_write_thread          |           NULL |
|        13 | thread/innodb/page_cleaner_thread      |           NULL |
|        16 | thread/innodb/srv_lock_timeout_thread  |           NULL |
|        15 | thread/innodb/srv_error_monitor_thread |           NULL |
|        17 | thread/innodb/srv_monitor_thread       |           NULL |
|        18 | thread/innodb/srv_master_thread        |           NULL |
|        19 | thread/innodb/srv_worker_thread        |           NULL |
|        20 | thread/innodb/srv_worker_thread        |           NULL |
|        21 | thread/innodb/srv_purge_thread         |           NULL |
|        22 | thread/innodb/srv_worker_thread        |           NULL |
|        23 | thread/innodb/buf_dump_thread          |           NULL |
|        24 | thread/innodb/dict_stats_thread        |           NULL |
|        25 | thread/sql/signal_handler              |           NULL |
|        26 | thread/sql/compress_gtid_table         |              1 |
|        28 | thread/sql/one_connection              |              3 |
|        29 | thread/sql/one_connection              |              4 |
|        40 | thread/sql/one_connection              |             15 |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+----------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • PROCESSLIST_ID 即 debezium Client 内的 GreetingPacket.getThreadId()
//com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient | debezium

this.connectionId = greetingPacket.getThreadId(); // 即 PROCESSLIST_ID / SELECT CONNECTION_ID()
  • 查看、使用

MYSQL THREAD ID = MYSQL服务的内部线程ID ≠ mysql connection (但存强关联关系)

  • Mysql如何处理client请求? thread id 关联 connection id (processlist id)

在Mysql中,连接管理线程(Connection manager threads)用于处理来自客户端的TCP/IP连接请求,它会将每个client connection关联到一个专门的 mysql thread
这个 thread 负责处理通过connection发出的所有请求(也包含请求的安全认证)。

  • THREAD_ID 的 源码实现分析

performance_schema 里的一个内部计数器

//reference-doc : https://www.jianshu.com/p/1c6f7459ffed

PFS_thread* create_thread(PFS_thread_class *klass, const void *identity,
                          ulonglong processlist_id)
{
  PFS_thread *pfs;
  pfs_dirty_state dirty_state;

  pfs= global_thread_container.allocate(& dirty_state);
  if (pfs != NULL)
  {
    pfs->m_thread_internal_id=
      PFS_atomic::add_u64(&thread_internal_id_counter.m_u64, 1);
    pfs->m_parent_thread_internal_id= 0;
    pfs->m_processlist_id= static_cast<ulong>(processlist_id);
...

thread_internal_id_counter计数器一直增加。
可以看到这是performance_schema内部使用的。

  • Mysql thread : 与 MYSQL OS thread 、 MySQL connection 的关系
  • Mysql thread 与 OS thread : 存在对应多对一的关联关系
  • 每个mysql threard将与一个os thread关联在一起,mysql thread销毁后,os thread不会被销毁,可以继续给其他mysql thread使用
  • 如果所有os thread都被mysql thread用光了,下一个connection请求时将会创建新的os thread
  • mysql thread并非操作系统上的真实线程,只是mysql中的一个对象,但是会与os thread(操作系统的真实线程)关联起来。
  • 使用一个connection连接、并按顺序执行几个事务,会使用不同的os thread来进行处理;当然,也可能是同一个os thread
  • 如果只有一个os thread可用,所有事务会有同一个os thread处理;如果有多个os thread可用,将会轮换使用不同的os thread
  • 如果kill掉任意一个os threadmysql server将会shutdown

因此,不要尝试kill掉某个事务对应的os thread,毫无意义,mysql 重新启动后,原先的事务该干的事还是得一样干完,以保证事务的ACID特性。

  • 如果你kill mysql thread,将不会影响到实际的os thread,但是该mysql thread将被删除。
  • 假如你正在执行一个 insert 事务且已经插入了100W数据,如果kill mysql thread,事务对应的trx_mysql_thread_id会设置为0,然后事务开始执行rollback
  • MySQL Thread Id :对应关联 processlist.id/MySQL connection ID,生命周期基本一致
  • MYSQL线程模型 = 为每个连接(connection)分配一个mysql thread
  • mysql会为每个connection创建一个对应mysql thread,连接关闭后,mysql thread生命周期也终止。这个mysql thread可以在processlist、threads表中查看

如果当前连接正在进行事务处理,也可以通过 information_schema.innodb_trx 事务表查看,其中trx_mysql_thread_id字段为mysql thread id,与processlistid一致
最简单的方式:使用 show processlist 查看当前连接,这个命令与查看information_schema.processlist表效果一致。
每一个连接进来时,都可以在看到一条新的记录。可以通过不断打开与关闭连接来测试,每次打开一个连接后在 processlist 中将会多出一条记录,连接关闭后这条记录也会被移除。

trx_mysql_thread_id = processlist.id = 执行事务的前台线程id = 会话ID = performance_schema.thread.processlistid

  • PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA.THREADS表 : 关联 processlist_id、mysql os thread id
> select THREAD_ID,PROCESSLIST_ID,THREAD_OS_ID from performance_schema.threads;
+-----------+----------------+--------------+
| THREAD_ID | PROCESSLIST_ID | THREAD_OS_ID |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+
|         1 |           NULL |        17721 |
|         2 |           NULL |        17728 |
|         3 |           NULL |        17729 |
|         4 |           NULL |        17730 |
|         5 |           NULL |        17731 |
|         6 |           NULL |        17732 |
|         7 |           NULL |        17733 |
|         8 |           NULL |        17734 |
|         9 |           NULL |        17735 |
|        10 |           NULL |        17736 |
|        11 |           NULL |        17737 |
|        12 |           NULL |        17738 |
|        13 |           NULL |        17739 |
|        15 |           NULL |        17743 |
|        16 |           NULL |        17744 |
|        17 |           NULL |        17745 |
|        18 |           NULL |        17746 |
|        19 |           NULL |        17747 |
|        20 |           NULL |        17749 |
|        21 |           NULL |        17748 |
|        22 |           NULL |        17750 |
|        23 |           NULL |        17751 |
|        24 |           NULL |        17752 |
|        25 |           NULL |        17763 |
|        26 |              1 |        17764 |
|        27 |              2 |        17969 |
|        44 |             19 |        31424 |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+

MYSQL OS Thread ID = 操作系统的线程ID = 对应关联 N 个 THREAD_ID

  • Mysql OS thread(thread_os_id) = 操作系统线程ID = ps -ef的mysql线程号
  • MySQL Thread : 存在一对多关系

虽然每次打开连接,可以看到一个新的 mysql thread 产生,但是OS并不一定会为每个连接创建一个新的os thread

  • 如果mysql thread在生命周期中与一个os thread关联,thread_os_id字段将包含os thread ID
  • 如果mysql thread在生命周期中没有和os thread关联,thread_os_id将为NULL

首先,看看mysqld进程对应的所有os线程。执行命令 ps -ef | grep mysql 得到mysqldPID(进程ID)为 16286

999 16286 16267 4 22:39 ? 00:00:00 mysqld
ubuntu 16362 9909 0 22:39 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
  • 操作系统mysql os thread id

windows下,thread_os_id可以在任务管理器中看到;
linux下,thread_os_idgettid()方法对应,可以使用perlps -L命令、或使用proc文件系统(/proc/[pid]/task/[tid]);

补充:MYSQL 表的ID

performance_schema.threads 表

> select * from performance_schema.threads
THREAD_ID|NAME|TYPE|PROCESSLIST_ID|PROCESSLIST_USER|PROCESSLIST_HOST|PROCESSLIST_DB|PROCESSLIST_COMMAND|PROCESSLIST_TIME|PROCESSLIST_STATE|PROCESSLIST_INFO|PARENT_THREAD_ID|ROLE|INSTRUMENTED|HISTORY|CONNECTION_TYPE|THREAD_OS_ID|
---------+----+----+--------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----+------------+-------+---------------+------------+

THREAD_ID

PROCESSLIST_ID

THREAD_OS_ID

information_schema.innodb_trx 表

> select * from information_schema.innodb_trx
trx_id|trx_state|trx_started|trx_requested_lock_id|trx_wait_started|trx_weight|trx_mysql_thread_id|trx_query|trx_operation_state|trx_tables_in_use|trx_tables_locked|trx_lock_structs|trx_lock_memory_bytes|trx_rows_locked|trx_rows_modified|trx_concurrency_tickets|trx_isolation_level|trx_unique_checks|trx_foreign_key_checks|trx_last_foreign_key_error|trx_adaptive_hash_latched|trx_adaptive_hash_timeout|trx_is_read_only|trx_autocommit_non_locking|trx_waited_time|
------+---------+-----------+---------------------+----------------+----------+-------------------+---------+-------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------+-----------------+-----------------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+--------------------------+---------------+

trx_mysql_thread_id

trx_id

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X 参考文献

posted @ 2024-10-18 00:27  千千寰宇  阅读(69)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报