springboot 2.0+整合RabbitMQ
基于spring-boot 2.*
作用
1、异步处理
2、应用解耦
3、流量削峰
相关概念介绍
Broker:它提供一种传输服务,它的角色就是维护一条从生产者到消费者的路线，保证数据能按照指定的方式进行传输,
Exchange：消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。
Queue:消息的载体,每个消息都会被投到一个或多个队列。
Binding:绑定，它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来.
Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以有多个vhost，用作不同用户的权限分离。
Producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序.
Consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序.
Channel:消息通道,在客户端的每个连接里,可建立多个channel.
添加Maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring-boot配置
# =========消息队列（消息总线用）=========
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: ${RABBIT_MQ_HOST:192.168.2.166}
port: ${RABBIT_MQ_PORT:5672}
username: guest
password: guest
virtual-host: /
生产者实例代码
创建消息生产者Sender。通过注入AmqpTemplate接口的实例来实现消息的发送，AmqpTemplate接口定义了一套针对AMQP协议的基础操作。在Spring Boot中会根据配置来注入其具体实现。在该生产者，我们会产生一个字符串，并发送到名为hello的队列中。
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Sender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send() {
String context = "hello " + new Date();
System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello", context);
}
}
创建消息消费者Receiver
通过@RabbitListener注解定义该类对hello队列的监听，并用@RabbitHandler注解来指定对消息的处理方法。所以，该消费者实现了对hello队列的消费，消费操作为输出消息的字符串内容。
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello")
public class Receiver {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String hello) {
System.out.println("Receiver : " + hello);
}
}
创建RabbitMQ的配置类RabbitConfig，用来配置队列、交换器、路由等高级信息。这里我们以入门为主，先以最小化的配置来定义，以完成一个基本的生产和消费过程。
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQImpl.Queue;
//这里可以配置具体的队列
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
@Bean
public Queue helloQueue() {
return new Queue();
}
}
完整配置
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}")
private String host;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.port}")
private int port;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
private String password;
public static final String EXCHANGE_A = "my-mq-exchange_A";
public static final String EXCHANGE_B = "my-mq-exchange_B";
public static final String EXCHANGE_C = "my-mq-exchange_C";
public static final String QUEUE_A = "QUEUE_A";
public static final String QUEUE_B = "QUEUE_B";
public static final String QUEUE_C = "QUEUE_C";
public static final String ROUTINGKEY_A = "spring-boot-routingKey_A";
public static final String ROUTINGKEY_B = "spring-boot-routingKey_B";
public static final String ROUTINGKEY_C = "spring-boot-routingKey_C";
@Bean
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(host,port);
connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true);
return connectionFactory;
}
@Bean
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
//必须是prototype类型
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
return template;
}
/**
* 针对消费者配置
* 1. 设置交换机类型
* 2. 将队列绑定到交换机
FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念
HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配
DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列
TopicExchange:多关键字匹配
*/
@Bean
public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_A);
}
/**
* 获取队列A
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue queueA() {
return new Queue(QUEUE_A, true); //队列持久
}
@Bean
public Binding binding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(defaultExchange()).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_A);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingB(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(defaultExchange()).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_B);
}
}
生产者代码
@Component
public class MsgProducer implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
//由于rabbitTemplate的scope属性设置为ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE，所以不能自动注入
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* 构造方法注入rabbitTemplate
*/
@Autowired
public MsgProducer(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); //rabbitTemplate如果为单例的话，那回调就是最后设置的内容
}
public void sendMsg(String content) {
CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
//把消息放入ROUTINGKEY_A对应的队列当中去，对应的是队列A
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_A, RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_A, content, correlationId);
}
/**
* 回调
*/
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
logger.info(" 回调id:" + correlationData);
if (ack) {
logger.info("消息成功消费");
} else {
logger.info("消息消费失败:" + cause);
}
}
}
消费者代码
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.QUEUE_A)
public class MsgReceiver {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String content) {
logger.info("接收处理队列A当中的消息： " + content);
}
}
