C# .NET 逻辑层的框架设计
前述:在我的了解中,一个大项目的逻辑层是不可捉摸的,对于不同项目或场景都是不同的逻辑。先说明,我的想法是对逻辑层类结构,以及如何操作逻辑的方法进行抽象的封装。并且考虑将不同类,或者不同程序集中的逻辑方法,全都可以归于一个类中控制和使用,并使用链式将它完成。是不是听起来很不可思议。
之所以这样思考封装,首先是考虑到类间解耦:像很多解耦的框架,虽然能够起到解耦作用,但我觉得它只是降低类间的调用,但是也没有真正意义上的解耦,因为操作方法还是需要UI层中。
比如:一个支付功能。
在我之前做的项目中它需要经过这么多步骤(细分会更多):
1、判断有没有登录
2、用户选择收获地址
3、判断商品是否充足
4、判断余额是否充足
5、更新数据
在我之前做项目时候,因为赶时间所以没什么讲究,毕竟在学校只要能够执行成功就行,所以如果调用类,就会在里面new一大堆的bll类。这样,就使得UI层很累赘,并且需要一个一个调用他们的方法,判断一大堆,然后并且还需要对每一个判断,如果失败,还得提示失败给用户。这样UI层显得很累赘,这就是要思考我对我框架思考的主要原因。我觉得在框架中,并没有真正的做到解耦,是因为下面还需要用到方法,这样就使得方法直接在UI中操作。
我认为,一个逻辑层的框架,不仅要对类间解耦,更重要的应该是如何控制逻辑操作,每个方法只实现一个功能,在UI层对它进行组装,并且组装时候,使用者不需要知道每个逻辑的结果,只需要知道整体返回的结果,根据这个结果来判断操作结果;除了类似支付这样判断的方法,逻辑层大部分还在查询数据的,因此,框架类中还提供能够支撑逻辑层返回数据的方法;最后,因为现在还有部分功能是写在特性上,比如权限控制等,为了开发者的便利,写逻辑的程序员应该只需要考虑怎么实现一个逻辑功能,而逻辑功能放在哪里用,需要框架来定义。
好了,说了自己的看法,来看下框架的使用方式:例如,支付功能。
支付功能中,判断用户是否登录在MethodTest类中的Login方法,只是简单的判断;支付功能又在另一个类中,MethodTest,对用户的余额判断,看下框架是如何使用:
public class Admin { public string ID { get; set; } public int Count { get; set; } public string Pwd { get; set; } } public class MethodTest { public bool Login(Admin admin) { if (admin.ID == "admin" && admin.Pwd == "123456") return true; else return false; } } public class MethodTest1 { public bool Pay(Admin admin) { if (admin.Count > 100) return true; else return false; } }
下面是实例方法:
static void Main(string[] args) { IComMethod method = BllHelper.getMethod<TMethod>(); method.setInstance<MethodTest>(); method.setInstance<MethodTest1>(); Admin admin = new Admin() { ID = "admin", Pwd = "123456", Count = 200 }; Msg result = method.GMethod<MethodTest>((test, me, msg) => { msg.setFailMsg("登录失败"); msg.setSuccessMsg("登录成功"); return test.Login(admin); }) .GMethod<MethodTest1>((test, me, msg) => { msg.setSuccessMsg("支付成功"); msg.setFailMsg("支付失败"); return test.Pay(admin); }).getResult(); if(result.State) { Console.WriteLine(result.getSuccessMsg()); }else { Console.WriteLine(result.getFailMsg()); } }
没有了new实例,原来如果一个判断应该给用户一个提示,使用链式控制,在最后获得的result里面就存放着操作是否成功的信息。
当用户名或者密码错误时候,它运行是这样的:
下面支付功能就不会执行。
如果账号密码正确,而账户余额不足时候,运行结果:
只有当账户跟余额充足下,才能执行成功,而在中间,都不要额外的判断,也没有创建实例,就能够轻松的把逻辑功能联系起来。
当然,框架里还有别的功能,比如带参数的构造,特性过滤器,以及使用者来创建对象,都可以利用这个框架;整个框架最主要的功能还是类似上边的,链式组合,并且在框架中提供了两种不同的形式:第一种像上边支付功能,上下是有联系的,第二种是上下无关的,也就是上边操作跟下边操作没有影响。这样看我设计的框架,是不是十分的灵活,并且把所有原来在UI处理的事情,都可以放在Bll层中解决,解决了逻辑层与UI层间的耦合,而且,还可以分开的设计逻辑方法,放在Bll中,而不需要对每个方法进行考虑要如何使用组合。
那么接下来就分析下这个框架的设计思路:
框架最主要有创建对象类(CreateInstance)、组合功能类(IComMethod 和实现该接口的TMethod、DMethod)、过滤器特性类(FilterAttribute)、帮助类(BllHelper),额外的类就不写里面了。
CreateInstance就是用来创建对象,比较简单。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Bll { class CreateInstance { public static TClass createInstance<TClass>() where TClass : class,new() { return new TClass(); } public static TClass createInstance<TClass>(object[] args) where TClass : class { Type type = typeof(TClass); TClass c = null; c = Activator.CreateInstance(type, args) as TClass; return c; } public static TBaseClass createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>() where TSubClass : class,new() where TBaseClass : class { return new TSubClass() as TBaseClass; } public static TBaseClass createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(object[] args) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class { Type type = typeof(TSubClass); TBaseClass c = null; c = Activator.CreateInstance(type, args) as TBaseClass; return c; } } }
最主要的是组合功能的类,在使用的时候,这里面才存放着实例后的对象,并以委托的形式,暴露给外部使用。里面包含有将要使用的类实例化到这个对象内,其实是要使用这些对象的Method方法;考虑到有些方法可能只用一次,所以下边还封装了只使用一次的对应Method方法。TMethod 和 DMethod就是实现接口,他们的区别就是一个上边跟下边执行时有联系的,另一个是无关联的。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Bll { public interface IComMethod { IComMethod setInstance<TClass>() where TClass : class,new(); IComMethod setInstance<TClass>(object[] args) where TClass : class; IComMethod setInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>() where TSubClass : class,new() where TBaseClass : class; IComMethod setInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(object[] args) where TSubClass : class where TBaseClass : class; IComMethod GMethod<TClass>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class; TResult GMethod<TClass, TResult>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class; IComMethod Method<TClass>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class,new(); IComMethod Method<TClass>(object[] args, Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class; IComMethod Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class,new(); IComMethod Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(object[] args, Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class; TResult Method<TClass, TResult>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class,new(); TResult Method<TClass, TResult>(object[] args, Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class; TResult Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass, TResult>(Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class,new(); TResult Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass, TResult>(object[] args, Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class; Msg getResult(); } } using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Bll { public class DMethod:IComMethod { private Dictionary<string, object> bllmodule = new Dictionary<string, object>(); private List<Msg> msglist = new List<Msg>(); private int top = -1; public IComMethod setInstance<TClass>() where TClass : class, new() { Type t = typeof(TClass); TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(); bllmodule.Add(t.Name, c); return this; } public IComMethod setInstance<TClass>(object[] args) where TClass : class { Type t = typeof(TClass); TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(args); bllmodule.Add(t.Name, c); return this; } public IComMethod setInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>() where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class, new() { Type t = typeof(TBaseClass); Type t1 = typeof(TSubClass); TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(); bllmodule.Add(t.Name + "." + t1.Name, c); return this; } public IComMethod setInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(object[] args) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class { Type t = typeof(TBaseClass); Type t1 = typeof(TSubClass); if (bllmodule.ContainsKey(t.Name + "." + t1.Name)) return this; TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(args); bllmodule.Add(t.Name + "." + t1.Name, c); return this; } public IComMethod GMethod<TClass>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class { Type t = typeof(TClass); if (!bllmodule.ContainsKey(t.Name)) return this; TClass c = bllmodule[t.Name] as TClass; Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public TResult GMethod<TClass, TResult>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class { Type t = typeof(TClass); if (!bllmodule.ContainsKey(t.Name)) return default(TResult); TClass c = bllmodule[t.Name] as TClass; return getResult(c, fun); } public IComMethod Method<TClass>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class, new() { TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(); Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public IComMethod Method<TClass>(object[] args, Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class { TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(args); Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public IComMethod Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class,new() { TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(); Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public IComMethod Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(object[] args, Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class { TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(args); Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public TResult Method<TClass, TResult>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class, new() { TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(); return getResult(c, fun); } public TResult Method<TClass, TResult>(object[] args, Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class { TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(args); return getResult(c, fun); } public TResult Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass, TResult>(Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class,new() { TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(); return getResult(c, fun); } public TResult Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass, TResult>(object[] args, Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class { TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(args); return getResult(c, fun); } TResult getResult<TClass, TResult>(TClass c, Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) { Msg msg = new Msg(); TResult result = fun(c, this, msg); if (result != null) msg.State = true; msglist.Add(msg); top++; return result; } public Msg getResult() { return this.msglist[top]; } } } using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Bll { public class TMethod : IComMethod { private Dictionary<string, object> bllmodule = new Dictionary<string, object>(); private List<Msg> msglist = new List<Msg>(); private int top = -1; public IComMethod setInstance<TClass>() where TClass : class, new() { Type t = typeof(TClass); TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(); bllmodule.Add(t.Name, c); return this; } public IComMethod setInstance<TClass>(object[] args) where TClass : class { Type t = typeof(TClass); TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(args); bllmodule.Add(t.Name, c); return this; } public IComMethod setInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>() where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class, new() { Type t = typeof(TBaseClass); Type t1 = typeof(TSubClass); TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(); bllmodule.Add(t.Name + "." + t1.Name, c); return this; } public IComMethod setInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(object[] args) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class { Type t = typeof(TBaseClass); Type t1 = typeof(TSubClass); if (bllmodule.ContainsKey(t.Name + "." + t1.Name)) return this; TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(args); bllmodule.Add(t.Name + "." + t1.Name, c); return this; } public IComMethod GMethod<TClass>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return this; Type t = typeof(TClass); if (!bllmodule.ContainsKey(t.Name)) return this; TClass c = bllmodule[t.Name] as TClass; Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public TResult GMethod<TClass, TResult>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return default(TResult); Type t = typeof(TClass); if (!bllmodule.ContainsKey(t.Name)) return default(TResult); TClass c = bllmodule[t.Name] as TClass; return getResult(c, fun); } public IComMethod Method<TClass>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class, new() { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return this; TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(); Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c,this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public IComMethod Method<TClass>(object[] args, Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TClass : class { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return this; TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(args); Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public IComMethod Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class,new() { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return this; TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(); Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public IComMethod Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(object[] args, Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, bool> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return this; TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(args); Msg msg = new Msg(); msg.State = fun(c, this, msg); msglist.Add(msg); top++; return this; } public TResult Method<TClass, TResult>(Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class, new() { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return default(TResult); TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(); return getResult(c, fun); } public TResult Method<TClass, TResult>(object[] args, Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TClass : class { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return default(TResult); TClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(args); return getResult(c, fun); } public TResult Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass, TResult>(Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class,new() { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return default(TResult); TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(); return getResult(c, fun); } public TResult Method<TBaseClass, TSubClass, TResult>(object[] args, Func<TBaseClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class { if (top != -1 && msglist[top].State == false) return default(TResult); TBaseClass c = CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(args); return getResult(c, fun); } TResult getResult<TClass, TResult>(TClass c, Func<TClass, IComMethod, IMsg, TResult> fun) { Msg msg = new Msg(); TResult result = fun(c, this, msg); if (result != null) msg.State = true; msglist.Add(msg); top++; return result; } public Msg getResult() { return this.msglist[top]; } } }
最后是实现过滤器部分,过滤器也是使用委托,将委托里面的方法放在一个池中,使用字典,将他们对应,在使用特性时候,就可以将对应方法的key写在特性上就可以了。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Bll { public class FilterAttribute:Attribute { public FilterAttribute(string key) { Action fun = FilterPool.DelegatePool[key]; if (fun != null) fun(); } } }
最后一个Bllhelper类,里面存放静态方法,用于创建对象,UI层不能访问CreateInstance,只能通过它;一个特殊的静态函数,就是在应用开始时候将需要的过滤器填充到里面。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Bll { public class BllHelper { public static TClass createInstance<TClass>() where TClass : class,new() { return CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(); } public static TClass createInstance<TClass>(object[] args) where TClass : class { return CreateInstance.createInstance<TClass>(args); } public static TBaseClass createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>() where TSubClass : class,new() where TBaseClass : class { return CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(); } public static TBaseClass createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(object[] args) where TBaseClass : class where TSubClass : class { return CreateInstance.createInstance<TBaseClass, TSubClass>(args); } public static void setFilter(string key,Action fun) { FilterPool.DelegatePool.Add(key, fun); } public static IComMethod getMethod<T>() where T:class,new() { return createInstance<IComMethod, T>(); } } }
好了,基本思路就这样。
项目地址链接:https://files.cnblogs.com/files/jnxzk/Work18.rar
不过,这个项目还没完工,因为还有好多没有考虑进去。是一时想法一时写的代码,所以就没有注释。项目能够正常使用,如果大家有什么不理解的地方,或者不足,可以下边评论,谢谢大家~~