Material Design入门(二)
本文主要包括以下内容
- 侧滑菜单DrawerLayout实现
- CardView实现
DrawerLayout介绍
drawerLayout是Support Library包中实现了侧滑菜单效果的控件,可以说drawerLayout是因为第三方控件如MenuDrawer等的出现之后,google借鉴而出现的产物。drawerLayout分为侧边菜单和主内容区两部分,侧边菜单可以根据手势展开与隐藏(drawerLayout自身特性),主内容区的内容可以随着菜单的点击而变化(这需要使用者自己实现)
drawlayout实现
main布局文件
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:layout_collapseMode="pin"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light" />
</LinearLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
android:id="@+id/navigation_view"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:headerLayout="@layout/navigation_header"
app:menu="@menu/drawer" />
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
其中侧滑菜单位置是start,并且包括了headerLayout与menu
headerLayout实现
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/lib/com.zj.material3navigation"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="192dp"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimaryDark"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="16dp"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark">
<de.hdodenhof.circleimageview.CircleImageView
android:id="@+id/profile_image"
android:layout_width="72dp"
android:layout_height="72dp"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:src="@mipmap/profile"
app:border_color="@color/primary_light"
app:border_width="2dp" />
<TextView
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="APP开发者"
android:gravity="center"
android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Body1"
/>
</LinearLayout>
注意,由于使用了CircleImageView,要在depencyies中加入
compile 'de.hdodenhof:circleimageview:1.3.0'
并且由于jcenter中库有限,可能还要加入
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
}
}
menu菜单实现
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<group android:checkableBehavior="single">
<item
android:id="@+id/navigation_item_example"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_favorite"
android:title="@string/navigation_example" />
<item
android:id="@+id/navigation_item_blog"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_favorite"
android:title="@string/navigation_my_blog" />
<item
android:id="@+id/navigation_item_about"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_favorite"
android:title="@string/navigation_about" />
</group>
</menu>
menu也可以设置子menu,下面是一个例子
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<group
android:checkableBehavior="single">
<item
android:id="@+id/drawer_home"
android:checked="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_home_black_24dp"
android:title="@string/home"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/section"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_more_horiz_black_24dp"
android:title="分组1">
<menu>
<item
android:id="@+id/drawer_favourite"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_favorite_black_24dp"
android:title="@string/favourite"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/drawer_downloaded"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_file_download_black_24dp"
android:title="@string/downloaded"/>
</menu>
</item>
<item
android:id="@+id/section2"
android:title="分组2">
<menu>
<item
android:id="@+id/drawer_more"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_more_horiz_black_24dp"
android:title="@string/more"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/drawer_settings"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_black_24dp"
android:title="@string/settings"/>
</menu>
</item>
</group>
</menu>
效果如下
java代码的实现
package com.zj.material3navigation;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.design.widget.NavigationView;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
Toolbar mToolbar;
DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
NavigationView mNavigationView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//设置Toolbar
mToolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(mToolbar);
setTitle("startNow");
//设置DrawerLayout
mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout, mToolbar,
R.string.drawer_open, R.string.drawer_close)
{
//关闭侧边栏时响应
@Override
public void onDrawerClosed(View drawerView) {
super.onDrawerClosed(drawerView);
}
//打开侧边栏时响应
@Override
public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView);
}
};
mDrawerToggle.syncState();
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
//设置NavigationView点击事件
mNavigationView = (NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.navigation_view);
setupDrawerContent(mNavigationView);
//设置NavigationView点击事件
}
//点击侧边栏菜单的响应事件
private void setupDrawerContent(NavigationView navigationView) {
navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(
new NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(MenuItem menuItem) {
switch (menuItem.getItemId()) {
case R.id.navigation_item_example:
//switchToExample();
break;
case R.id.navigation_item_blog:
//switchToBlog();
break;
case R.id.navigation_item_about:
//switchToAbout();
break;
}
menuItem.setChecked(true);
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawers();
return true;
}
});
}
}
实现了打开与关闭侧边栏的响应事件,点击侧边栏按钮的响应事件等
参考链接:
Design Support Library (I): Navigation View的使用 - 泡在网上的日子
android官方侧滑菜单DrawerLayout详解 - 泡在网上的日子
效果如下:
CardView实现
首先加入依赖库
dependencies {
....
compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:22.2.0'
}
layout布局
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
>
</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:scrollbars="none"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingTop="5dp"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp"
app:cardElevation="10dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/card_margin"
android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/card_margin"
android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/card_margin"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:clickable="true"
android:foreground="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground">
<LinearLayout
style="@style/CardView.Content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/book1" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/book_title_1"
android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Title"
android:textColor="@color/primary_text" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="2dp"
android:text="@string/book_description_1"
android:textColor="@color/secondary_text" />
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/card_margin"
android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/card_margin"
android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/card_margin"
android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/card_margin"
android:onClick="goDetail"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp"
app:cardElevation="10dp">
<LinearLayout
style="@style/CardView.Content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/book2" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/book_title_2"
android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Title"
android:textColor="@color/primary_text" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="2dp"
android:text="@string/book_description_2"
android:textColor="@color/secondary_text" />
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/card_margin"
android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/card_margin"
android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/card_margin"
android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/card_margin"
android:onClick="goDetail"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp"
app:cardElevation="10dp">
<LinearLayout
style="@style/CardView.Content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/book3" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/book_title_3"
android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Title"
android:textColor="@color/primary_text" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="2dp"
android:text="@string/book_description_3"
android:textColor="@color/secondary_text" />
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
</LinearLayout>
- app:cardBackgroundColor 设置CardView背景颜色
- app:cardCornerRadius 设置CardView圆角大小
- app:cardElevation 设置CardView阴影高度
添加波纹点击效果
默认情况,CardView是不可点击的,并且没有任何的触摸反馈效果。触摸反馈动画在用户点击CardView时可以给用户以视觉上的反馈。为了实现这种行为,你必须提供一下属性:
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
...
android:clickable="true"
android:foreground="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground">
...
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
在加载图片时可能会遇到图上尺寸的问题
(1)drawable-hdpi里面存放高分辨率的图片,如WVGA (480x800),FWVGA (480x854)
(2)drawable-mdpi里面存放中等分辨率的图片,如HVGA (320x480)
(3)drawable-ldpi里面存放低分辨率的图片,如QVGA (240x320)
ldpi:240x320
mdpi:320x480
hdpi:480x800、480x854
xhdpi:至少960*720
xxhdpi:1280×720
从上表可以得出如下结论
图片放在drawable中,等同于放在drawable-mdpi中,原因为:drawable目录不具有屏幕密度特性,所以采用基准值,即mdpi
图片放在某个特定drawable中,比如drawable-hdpi,如果设备的屏幕密度高于当前drawable目录所代表的密度,则图片会被放大,否则会被缩小
放大或缩小比例 = 设备屏幕密度 / drawable目录所代表的屏幕密度
为了更全面的适配所有设备,我们应该提供一套针对主流屏幕密度的图片(目前为hdpi或xhdpi),其他密度通过系统自动缩放得到图片
参考链接:
Android开发–CardView使用-爱编程
Android中屏幕密度和图片大小的关系分析 - Android移动开发技术文章_手机开发 - 红黑联盟
res里面的drawable(ldpi、mdpi、hdpi、xhdpi、xxhdpi) - xfyn - 博客园