Python: matplotlib绘图区自定义中英文字体以及部分设置

对于matplotlib绘图区总是有比较强迫症的自定义要求，对于刚刚接触Python的新手来说，各种配置起来还是比较繁琐，因此开一个帖子作为注记备忘。（Jupyter-Based）

  • 内置字体：

只能选择同款字体，用默认英文字体无法显示中文，用宋体的话中文能够显示但英文较丑。这里采用rcParams全局设置参数，也可使用font_manager.FontProperties()对象函数，参考matplotlib网页原文设置如下。

class matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(family=None, style=None, variant=None, weight=None, stretch=None, size=None, fname=None, math_fontfamily=None)[source]
Bases: object

A class for storing and manipulating font properties.

The font properties are the six properties described in the W3C Cascading Style Sheet, Level 1 font specification and math_fontfamily for math fonts:

family: A list of font names in decreasing order of priority. The items may include a generic font family name, either 'sans-serif' (default), 'serif', 'cursive', 'fantasy', or'monospace'. In that case, the actual font to be used will be looked up from the associated rcParam.

style: Either 'normal' (default), 'italic' or 'oblique'.

variant: Either 'normal' (default) or 'small-caps'.

stretch: A numeric value in the range 0-1000 or one of 'ultra-condensed', 'extra-condensed', 'condensed', 'semi-condensed', 'normal' (default), 'semi-expanded', 'expanded', 'extra-expanded' or 'ultra-expanded'.

weight: A numeric value in the range 0-1000 or one of 'ultralight', 'light', 'normal' (default), 'regular', 'book', 'medium', 'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold', 'demi', 'bold', 'heavy', 'extra bold', 'black'.

size: Either an relative value of 'xx-small', 'x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large' or an absolute font size, e.g., 10 (default).

math_fontfamily: The family of fonts used to render math text; overrides rcParams["mathtext.fontset"] (default: 'dejavusans'). Supported values are the same as the ones supported by rcParams["mathtext.fontset"] (default: 'dejavusans'): 'dejavusans', 'dejavuserif', 'cm', 'stix', 'stixsans' and 'custom'.

%matplotlib qt5 
#以互动窗口打开matplotlib
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

config = {
    "font.family":'serif', # sans-serif/serif/cursive/fantasy/monospace
    "font.size": 20, # medium/large/small
    'font.style':'normal', # normal/italic/oblique
    'font.weight':'normal', # bold
    "mathtext.fontset":'cm',# 'cm' (Computer Modern)
    "font.serif": ['cmb10'], # 'Simsun'宋体
    "axes.unicode_minus": False,# 用来正常显示负号
}
plt.rcParams.update(config)

x = np.linspace(0, 6, 50)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), label = r"Sine $\sin(\theta)$")
plt.title(r'Sine Function $\alpha_i \leq \beta_j$')
plt.xlabel(r'$\theta_i$')
plt.ylabel(r'$\sin\theta$')
plt.ion()
plt.show()

效果：

  • 自定义字体：

用户希望自定义字体，即分别设置中文、英文、数学公式的字体，由于这里采用字体融合的应用将中英文混合，通过导入ttf文件以满足自定义配置的要求。（好看的图片，流程比较繁琐）

可以参考结合Github-字体合并/补全工具进行配置。

%matplotlib qt5 
# iPython以互动窗口打开matplotlib
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

font_path = 'C:\\Users\\${User_Name}\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Fonts\\${Font_Name}.ttf'  # 此处改为自己字体的路径
font_manager.fontManager.addfont(font_path)
prop = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=font_path)

plt.rcParams['font.family'] = prop.get_name()
plt.rcParams['mathtext.fontset'] = 'cm'  # 'cm' (Computer Modern)

x = np.linspace(0, 6, 50)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), label = r"正弦函数 Sine $\sin(\theta)$")
plt.title(r'中文测试 Sine Function $\alpha_i \leq \beta_j$')
plt.xlabel(r'$\theta_i$')
plt.ylabel(r'$\sin\theta$')
plt.legend(fontsize = 'small', borderpad=1.5, labelspacing=0.2)
plt.ion()
# plt.savefig('sin.pdf')
plt.show()

效果：

  • 错误排查：
  1. 互动窗口打开、内联图像窗口打开
%matplotlib qt5 # iPython以互动窗口打开matplotlib
%matplotlib inline # 以内联静态窗口绘制matplotlib
  1. 图像无法导出pdf\eps，显示Truetype font is missing table

好像更新ipython和matplotlib最新版本能够解决。如果不能解决可能只能直接plt.savefig('${File_Name}.pdf')来保存。

  1. findfont: Font family [ xxx ] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.

参考此文→→ findfont: Font family [ msyh ] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.

参考资料：

posted @ 2022-03-07 15:24  Chiron-zy  阅读(7783)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报