Golang基础(6):go的net/http用法
http包提供了HTTP客户端和服务端的实现
一:http客户端的几种方法
1、 func (c *Client) Get(url string) (resp *Response, err error)
说明: 利用get方法请求指定的url,Get请求指定的页面信息,并返回实体主体
2、func (c *Client) Head(url string) (resp *Response, err error)
说明:利用head方法请求指定的url,Head只返回页面的首部
3、func (c *Client) Post(url string, bodyType string, body io.Reader) (resp *Response, err error)
说明:利用post方法请求指定的URl,如果body也是一个io.Closer,则在请求之后关闭它
4、func (c *Client) PostForm(url string, data url.Values) (resp *Response, err error)
说明:利用post方法请求指定的url,利用data的key和value作为请求体.
5、func (c *Client) Do(req *Request) (resp *Response, err error)
说明:Do发送http请求并且返回一个http响应,遵守client的策略,如重定向,cookies以及auth等.当调用者读完resp.body之后应该关闭它,
如果resp.body没有关闭,则Client底层RoundTripper将无法重用存在的TCP连接去服务接下来的请求,如果resp.body非nil,则必须对其进行关闭.
通常来说,经常使用Get,Post,或者PostForm来替代Do
代码示例
1、http.Get
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" ) func main() { requestUrl := "http://www.baidu.com" response, err := http.Get(requestUrl) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } defer response.Body.Close() body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) }
2、http.Post
package main import ( "bytes" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "net/url" ) func main() { requestUrl := "http://www.baidu.com/" // request, err := http.Get(requestUrl) // request, err := http.Head(requestUrl) postValue := url.Values{ "username": {"hangmeimei"}, "address": {"anhui"}, "subject": {"world"}, "form": {"beij"}, } //request, err := http.PostForm(requestUrl, postValue) body := bytes.NewBufferString(postValue.Encode()) request, err := http.Post(requestUrl, "text/html", body) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } defer request.Body.Close() fmt.Println(request.StatusCode) if request.StatusCode == 200 { rb, err := ioutil.ReadAll(request.Body) if err != nil { fmt.Println(rb) } fmt.Println(string(rb)) } }
3、 http.Do
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "strconv" ) func main() { client := &http.Client{} request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://www.baidu.com", nil) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } cookie := &http.Cookie{Name: "Tom", Value: strconv.Itoa(123)} request.AddCookie(cookie) //向request中添加cookie //设置request的header request.Header.Set("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8") request.Header.Set("Accept-Charset", "GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3") request.Header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate,sdch") request.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8") request.Header.Set("Cache-Control", "max-age=0") request.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive") response, err := client.Do(request) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } defer response.Body.Close() fmt.Println(response.StatusCode) if response.StatusCode == 200 { r, err := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } fmt.Println(string(r)) } }
二:建立web服务器
package main import ( "net/http" ) func SayHello(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) { w.Write([]byte("Hello")) } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/hello", SayHello) http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil) }
说明:
首先调用Http.HandleFunc
往DefaultServeMux的map[string]muxEntry中增加对应的handler和路由规则
http.ListenAndServe
启动一个http服务器,监听8080端口
上面的代码中蕴含着http服务器处理http的流程,有时间可以看源码分析分析
参考:
https://www.cnblogs.com/msnsj/p/4365186.html
http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/golang-standard-library-part02