基于C++的OpenGL 09 之材质

1. 引言

本文基于C++语言，描述OpenGL的材质

前置知识可参考：

基于C++的OpenGL 08 之基础光照 - 当时明月在曾照彩云归 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

笔者这里不过多描述每个名词、函数和细节，更详细的文档可以参考：

材质 - LearnOpenGL CN (learnopengl-cn.github.io)

2. 概述

不同的物体往往具有不同的材质，不同的材质具有不同的反光特性

在冯氏光照模型中，一个物体的反光由环境光照(Ambient Lighting)、漫反射光照(Diffuse Lighting)和镜面光照(Specular Lighting)组成，通过控制这三个光照因子，可以实现不同材质的光照切换

3. 编码

首先在片段着色器中定义影响材质的的三个光照因子，另外，还需要设置一个反光度来表示高光部分的大小

定义材质因子：

 #version 330 core
struct Material {
    vec3 ambient;
    vec3 diffuse;
    vec3 specular;
    float shininess;
}; 
 
uniform Material material;

计算材质光照：

 void main()
{    
    // 环境光
    vec3 ambient = lightColor * material.ambient;
 
    // 漫反射 
    vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos - FragPos);
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    vec3 diffuse = lightColor * (diff * material.diffuse);
 
    // 镜面光
    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
    vec3 specular = lightColor * (spec * material.specular);  
 
    vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular;
    FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
}

传输数据至GPU：

 lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient",  1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse",  1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);

结果如下：

结果不太对劲，物体亮度太高，主要是环境光照和漫反射光照太高

接下来将光照因子进行配置，使得环境光照和漫反射光照降低

定义光照因子：

 struct Light {
    vec3 position;
 
    vec3 ambient;
    vec3 diffuse;
    vec3 specular;
};
 
uniform Light light;

计算材质光照：

 vec3 ambient  = light.ambient * material.ambient;
vec3 diffuse  = light.diffuse * (diff * material.diffuse);
vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * material.specular);

传输数据至GPU：

 lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient",  0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse",  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // 将光照调暗了一些以搭配场景
lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

结果如下：

设置变化的光照颜色：

 glm::vec3 lightColor;
lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f);
lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f);
lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f);
 
glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor   * glm::vec3(0.5f); // 降低影响
glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2f); // 很低的影响
 
lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", ambientColor);
lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor);

物体随光照颜色变换所展现的颜色变化：

动画2

4. 完整代码

主要文件material.cpp：

 #include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include "Shader.hpp"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/ext/matrix_transform.hpp>  // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale
#include <glm/ext/matrix_clip_space.hpp> // glm::perspective
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
 
//全局变量
glm::vec3 cameraPos = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);
glm::vec3 cameraFront = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
glm::vec3 cameraUp = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
 
// 函数声明
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
void process_input(GLFWwindow *window);
 
 
int main()
{
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "material", nullptr, nullptr);
 
    if (window == nullptr)
    {
        std::cout << "Faild to create window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
 
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Faild to initialize glad" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    glad_glViewport(0, 0, 800, 600);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
 
    //配置项
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 
    Shader lightCubeShader("../light_cube.vs.glsl", "../light_cube.fs.glsl");
    Shader lightingShader("../cube.vs.glsl", "../cube.fs.glsl");
 
    unsigned int cubeVAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
 
    float vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 
 
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
 
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
 
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
 
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
 
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f
    };
    unsigned int VBO;
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void *)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void *)(3*sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
 
    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
    // 只需要绑定VBO不用再次设置VBO的数据，因为箱子的VBO数据中已经包含了正确的立方体顶点数据
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    // 设置灯立方体的顶点属性（对我们的灯来说仅仅只有位置数据）
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
 
 
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        process_input(window);
 
        glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
        lightingShader.use();
        lightingShader.setVec3("objectColor", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("lightColor", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos);
        lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", cameraPos);
        lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient",  1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse",  1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);
        // lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient",  0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
        // lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse",  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // 将光照调暗了一些以搭配场景
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); 
        glm::vec3 lightColor;
        lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f);
        lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f);
        lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f);
        glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor   * glm::vec3(0.5f); // 降低影响
        glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2f); // 很低的影响
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", ambientColor);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor);
        
        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(-55.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
 
        glm::mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        // view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
        view = glm::lookAt(cameraPos, cameraPos + cameraFront, cameraUp);
 
        glm::mat4 projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), 800.0f / 600.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
 
        // 模型矩阵
        int modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.ID, "model");
        glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
        // 观察矩阵和投影矩阵与之类似
        int viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.ID, "view");
        glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
        int projectionLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.ID, "projection");
        glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
 
        // render the cube
        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
 
        // also draw the lamp object
        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);
        model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // a smaller cube
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);
 
        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
 
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }
 
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}
 
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height)
{
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
 
void process_input(GLFWwindow *window)
{
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
    {
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    }
    float cameraSpeed = 0.05f; // adjust accordingly
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos += cameraSpeed * cameraFront;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos -= cameraSpeed * cameraFront;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos += glm::normalize(glm::cross(cameraFront, cameraUp)) * cameraSpeed;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos -= glm::normalize(glm::cross(cameraFront, cameraUp)) * cameraSpeed;
}

立方体顶点着色器GLSLcube.vs.glsl：

 #version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;
 
out vec3 Normal;
out vec3 FragPos;  
 
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
 
void main()
{
    gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
    FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
    Normal = aNormal;
}

立方体片段着色器GLSLcube.fs.glsl：

 #version 330 core
struct Material {
    vec3 ambient;
    vec3 diffuse;
    vec3 specular;
    float shininess;
}; 
struct Light {
    vec3 position;
 
    vec3 ambient;
    vec3 diffuse;
    vec3 specular;
};
 
in vec3 Normal;
in vec3 FragPos;
 
out vec4 FragColor;
 
uniform vec3 objectColor;
uniform vec3 lightColor;
uniform vec3 lightPos;
uniform vec3 viewPos;
uniform Material material;
uniform Light light;
 
void main()
{
    // 环境光
    vec3 ambient = light.ambient * material.ambient;
 
    // 漫反射 
    vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos - FragPos);
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * (diff * material.diffuse);
 
    // 镜面光
    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
    vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * material.specular);  
 
    vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular;
    FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
}

着色器Shader.hpp、光源顶点着色器GLSLlight_cube.vs.glsl、光源片段着色器GLSLlight_cube.fs.glsl见：

基于C++的OpenGL 07 之颜色 - 当时明月在曾照彩云归 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

5. 参考资料

[1]材质 - LearnOpenGL CN (learnopengl-cn.github.io)

posted @ 2022-08-14 10:28 当时明月在曾照彩云归阅读(145) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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基于C++的OpenGL 09 之材质

1. 引言

2. 概述

3. 编码

4. 完整代码

5. 参考资料

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	#version 330 core
	struct Material {
	vec3 ambient;
	vec3 diffuse;
	vec3 specular;
	float shininess;
	};

	uniform Material material;

	void main()
	{
	// 环境光
	vec3 ambient = lightColor * material.ambient;

	// 漫反射
	vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
	vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos - FragPos);
	float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
	vec3 diffuse = lightColor * (diff * material.diffuse);

	// 镜面光
	vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
	vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);
	float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
	vec3 specular = lightColor * (spec * material.specular);

	vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular;
	FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
	}

	lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
	lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
	lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
	lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);

	struct Light {
	vec3 position;

	vec3 ambient;
	vec3 diffuse;
	vec3 specular;
	};

	uniform Light light;

	vec3 ambient = light.ambient * material.ambient;
	vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * (diff * material.diffuse);
	vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * material.specular);

	lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
	lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // 将光照调暗了一些以搭配场景
	lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

	glm::vec3 lightColor;
	lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f);
	lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f);
	lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f);

	glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f); // 降低影响
	glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2f); // 很低的影响

	lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", ambientColor);
	lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor);

	#include <glad/glad.h>
	#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
	#include <iostream>
	#include <math.h>
	#include "Shader.hpp"
	#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
	#include "stb_image.h"
	#include <glm/glm.hpp>
	#include <glm/ext/matrix_transform.hpp> // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale
	#include <glm/ext/matrix_clip_space.hpp> // glm::perspective
	#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

	//全局变量
	glm::vec3 cameraPos = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);
	glm::vec3 cameraFront = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
	glm::vec3 cameraUp = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
	glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);

	// 函数声明
	void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
	void process_input(GLFWwindow *window);


	int main()
	{
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "material", nullptr, nullptr);

	if (window == nullptr)
	{
	std::cout << "Faild to create window" << std::endl;
	glfwTerminate();
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
	std::cout << "Faild to initialize glad" << std::endl;
	return -1;
	}
	glad_glViewport(0, 0, 800, 600);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

	//配置项
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

	Shader lightCubeShader("../light_cube.vs.glsl", "../light_cube.fs.glsl");
	Shader lightingShader("../cube.vs.glsl", "../cube.fs.glsl");

	unsigned int cubeVAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
	glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

	float vertices[] = {
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

	-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

	0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
	0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f
	};
	unsigned int VBO;
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void *)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void )(3sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

	unsigned int lightCubeVAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
	glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
	// 只需要绑定VBO不用再次设置VBO的数据，因为箱子的VBO数据中已经包含了正确的立方体顶点数据
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	// 设置灯立方体的顶点属性（对我们的灯来说仅仅只有位置数据）
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);


	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
	process_input(window);

	glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT \| GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	lightingShader.use();
	lightingShader.setVec3("objectColor", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
	lightingShader.setVec3("lightColor", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
	lightingShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos);
	lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", cameraPos);
	lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
	lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
	lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
	lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);
	// lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
	// lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // 将光照调暗了一些以搭配场景
	lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
	glm::vec3 lightColor;
	lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f);
	lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f);
	lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f);
	glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f); // 降低影响
	glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2f); // 很低的影响
	lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", ambientColor);
	lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor);

	glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
	model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(-55.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));

	glm::mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
	// view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
	view = glm::lookAt(cameraPos, cameraPos + cameraFront, cameraUp);

	glm::mat4 projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
	projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), 800.0f / 600.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);

	// 模型矩阵
	int modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.ID, "model");
	glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
	// 观察矩阵和投影矩阵与之类似
	int viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.ID, "view");
	glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
	int projectionLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.ID, "projection");
	glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));

	// render the cube
	glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

	// also draw the lamp object
	lightCubeShader.use();
	lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
	lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
	model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
	model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);
	model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // a smaller cube
	lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

	glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

	glfwSwapBuffers(window);
	glfwPollEvents();
	}

	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
	}

	void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height)
	{
	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
	}

	void process_input(GLFWwindow *window)
	{
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
	glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
	}
	float cameraSpeed = 0.05f; // adjust accordingly
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
	cameraPos += cameraSpeed * cameraFront;
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
	cameraPos -= cameraSpeed * cameraFront;
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
	cameraPos += glm::normalize(glm::cross(cameraFront, cameraUp)) * cameraSpeed;
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
	cameraPos -= glm::normalize(glm::cross(cameraFront, cameraUp)) * cameraSpeed;
	}

	#version 330 core
	layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
	layout (location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;

	out vec3 Normal;
	out vec3 FragPos;

	uniform mat4 model;
	uniform mat4 view;
	uniform mat4 projection;

	void main()
	{
	gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
	FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
	Normal = aNormal;
	}