Python_14-绘图
1.1 简介
1.2 应用实例
1.2.1 实例1
1.2.2 实例2
1.3 参考资料
1.1 简介
matplotlib 是python最著名的绘图库，它提供了一整套和matlab相似的命令API，十分适合交互式地进行制图。而且也可以方便地将它作为绘图控件，嵌入GUI应用程序中。
http://my.oschina.net/bery/blog/203595
需要安装（可以从csdn下载Python2.7版本的几个包）
dateutil
pyparsing
安装问题：
>>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:/Python279/tdrawf1.py", line 1, in <module>
from matplotlib.matlab import *
File "D:\Python279\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 105, in <module>
import six
ImportError: No module named six
办法：
Copy six.py and six.pyc to \Lib.
帮助：
http://labix.org/python-dateutil
1.2 应用实例
1.2.1 实例1
import os
import math
import pylab
y_values = []
x_values = []
num = 0.0
#collect both num and the sine of num in a list
while num < math.pi * 4:
y_values.append(math.sin(num))
x_values.append(num)
num += 0.1
pylab.plot(x_values,y_values,'r*')
pylab.show()
1.2.2 实例
http://blog.csdn.net/xiaowei_cqu/article/details/8272367
"""
Thanks to Tony Yu <tsyu80@gmail.com> for the logo design
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm
mpl.rcParams['xtick.labelsize'] = 10
mpl.rcParams['ytick.labelsize'] = 12
mpl.rcParams['axes.edgecolor'] = 'gray'
axalpha = 0.05
#figcolor = '#EFEFEF'
figcolor = 'white'
dpi = 80
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 1.1),dpi=dpi)
fig.figurePatch.set_edgecolor(figcolor)
fig.figurePatch.set_facecolor(figcolor)
def add_math_background():
ax = fig.add_axes([0., 0., 1., 1.])
text = []
text.append((r"$W^{3\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1 \sigma_2} = U^{3\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1} + \frac{1}{8 \pi 2} \int^{\alpha_2}_{\alpha_2} d \alpha^\prime_2 \left[\frac{ U^{2\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1} - \alpha^\prime_2U^{1\beta}_{\rho_1 \sigma_2} }{U^{0\beta}_{\rho_1 \sigma_2}}\right]$", (0.7, 0.2), 20))
text.append((r"$\frac{d\rho}{d t} + \rho \vec{v}\cdot\nabla\vec{v} = -\nabla p + \mu\nabla^2 \vec{v} + \rho \vec{g}$",
(0.35, 0.9), 20))
text.append((r"$\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{-x^2}dx=\sqrt{\pi}$",
(0.15, 0.3), 25))
#text.append((r"$E = mc^2 = \sqrt{{m_0}^2c^4 + p^2c^2}$",
# (0.7, 0.42), 30))
text.append((r"$F_G = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$",
(0.85, 0.7), 30))
for eq, (x, y), size in text:
ax.text(x, y, eq, ha='center', va='center', color="#11557c", alpha=0.25,
transform=ax.transAxes, fontsize=size)
ax.set_axis_off()
return ax
def add_matplotlib_text(ax):
ax.text(0.95, 0.5, 'matplotlib', color='#11557c', fontsize=65,
ha='right', va='center', alpha=1.0, transform=ax.transAxes)
def add_polar_bar():
ax = fig.add_axes([0.025, 0.075, 0.2, 0.85], polar=True)
ax.axesPatch.set_alpha(axalpha)
ax.set_axisbelow(True)
N = 7
arc = 2. * np.pi
theta = np.arange(0.0, arc, arc/N)
radii = 10 * np.array([0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 0.7, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8])
width = np.pi / 4 * np.array([0.4, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3])
bars = ax.bar(theta, radii, width=width, bottom=0.0)
for r, bar in zip(radii, bars):
bar.set_facecolor(cm.jet(r/10.))
bar.set_alpha(0.6)
for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():
label.set_visible(False)
for line in ax.get_ygridlines() + ax.get_xgridlines():
line.set_lw(0.8)
line.set_alpha(0.9)
line.set_ls('-')
line.set_color('0.5')
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(1, 9, 2))
ax.set_rmax(9)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main_axes = add_math_background()
add_polar_bar()
add_matplotlib_text(main_axes)
plt.show()
1.3 三维绘图
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mayavi
安装：
Prerequisites
You must have the following libraries installed before installing the Mayavi project:
· Numpy version 1.1.1 or later
· VTK version 5.0 or later
· wxPython version 2.8 or later
http://www.vtk.org/VTK/resources/software.html
1.4 参考资料
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-matplotlib/index.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/petali/archive/2009/07/30/1417410.html
非常好的资料：2.7下运行有错误提示
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-matplotlib/
