MySql--explain关键字

explain关键字

1.explain的用途:

1. 表的读取顺序如何
2. 数据读取操作有哪些操作类型 
3. 哪些索引可以使用
4. 哪些索引被实际使用 
5. 表之间是如何引用 
6. 每张表有多少行被优化器查询 ......

2、explain的执行效果

mysql> explain select * from subject where id = 1 ****************************************************** id: 1 
select_type: SIMPLE 
table: subject 
partitions: NULL 
type: const 
possible_keys: PRIMARY 
key: PRIMARY 
key_len: 4 
ref: const 
rows: 1 
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL ******************************************************

3、explain包含的字段

1. id //select查询的序列号,包含一组数字,表示查询中执行select子句或操作表的顺序 
2. select_type //查询类型 
3. table //正在访问哪个表 
4. partitions //匹配的分区
5. type //访问的类型
6. possible_keys //显示可能应用在这张表中的索引,一个或多个,但不一定实际使用到 
7. key //实际使用到的索引,如果为NULL,则没有使用索引 
8. key_len //表示索引中使用的字节数,可通过该列计算查询中使用的索引的长度 
9. ref //显示索引的哪一列被使用了,如果可能的话,是一个常数,哪些列或常量被用于查找索引列上的值 
10. rows //根据表统计信息及索引选用情况,大致估算出找到所需的记录所需读取的行数 
11. filtered //查询的表行占表的百分比
12. Extra //包含不适合在其它列中显示但十分重要的额外信息

id字段:

执行顺序从上至下 例子: 
explain select subject.* from subject,student_score,teacher where subject.id = student_id and subject.teacher_id = teacher.id; 
读取顺序:subject > teacher > student_score

image-20210320001722974

id不同:

如果是子查询,id的序号会递增,id的值越大优先级越高,越先被执行 
例子: 
explain select score.* from student_score as score where subject_id = (select id from subject where teacher_id = (select id from teacher where id = 2)); 
读取顺序:teacher > subject > student_score

image-20210320002726712

3.id相同又不同

id如果相同,可以认为是一组,从上往下顺序执行 在所有组中,id值越大,优先级越高,越先执行 
例子:
explain select subject.* from subject left join teacher on subject.teacher_id = teacher.id  union  select subject.* from subject right join teacher on subject.teacher_id = teacher.id;
读取顺序:2.teacher > 2.subject > 1.subject > 1.teacher

image-20210320145533633

(2)select_type字段

1. SIMPLE

简单查询,不包含子查询或Union查询 
例子:
explain select subject.* from subject,student_score,teacher where subject.id = student_id and subject.teacher_id = teacher.id;

image-20210320150121096

2. PRIMARY

查询中若包含任何复杂的子部分,最外层查询则被标记为主查询 
例子:
explain select score.* from student_score as score where subject_id = (select id from subject where teacher_id = (select id from teacher where id = 2));

image-20210320151015618

3. SUBQUERY

在select或where中包含子查询 
例子:
explain select score.* from student_score as score where subject_id = (select id from subject where teacher_id = (select id from teacher where id = 2));

image-20210320151317397

4. DERIVED

在FROM列表中包含的子查询被标记为DERIVED(衍生),MySQL 会递归执行这些子查询,把结果放在临时表中 备注: MySQL5.7+ 进行优化了,增加了derived_merge(派生合并),默认开启,可加快查询效率

5. UNION

若第二个select出现在uion之后,则被标记为UNION 
例子:
explain select subject.* from subject left join teacher on subject.teacher_id = teacher.id -> union -> select subject.* from subject right join teacher on subject.teacher_id = teacher.id;

image-20210320151823254

6. UNION RESULT

从UNION表获取结果的select 
例子:
explain select subject.* from subject left join teacher on subject.teacher_id = teacher.id union select subject.* from subject right join teacher on subject.teacher_id = teacher.id;

image-20210320151956879

(3)type字段

NULL>system>const>eq_ref>ref>fulltext>ref_or_null>index_merge>unique_subquery>in dex_subquery>range>index>ALL //最好到最差 备注:掌握以下10种常见的即可 NULL>system>const>eq_ref>ref>ref_or_null>index_merge>range>index>ALL

1. NULL

MySQL能够在优化阶段分解查询语句,在执行阶段用不着再访问表或索引,比如通过id没有找到 
例子:
explain select min(id) from subject;

image-20210320152425561

2. system

表只有一行记录(等于系统表),这是const类型的特列,平时不大会出现,可以忽略

3. const

表示通过索引一次就找到了,const用于比较primary key或uique索引,因为只匹配一行数据,所以很 快,如主键置于where列表中,MySQL就能将该查询转换为一个常量 
例子: 
explain select * from teacher where teacher_no = 'T2010001';

image-20210320152842889

4. eq_ref


image-20210320152947642

唯一性索引扫描,对于每个索引键,表中只有一条记录与之匹配,常见于主键或唯一索引扫描
例子:
explain select subject.* from subject left join teacher on subject.teacher_id = teacher.id;

5. ref

非唯一性索引扫描,返回匹配某个单独值的所有行 本质上也是一种索引访问,返回所有匹配某个单独值的行 然而可能会找到多个符合条件的行,应该属于查找和扫描的混合体 
例子:
explain select subject.* from subject,student_score,teacher where subject.id = student_id and subject.teacher_id = teacher.id;

image-20210320153234178

6. ref_or_null

类似ref,但是可以搜索值为NULL的行 例子:
explain select * from teacher where name = 'wangsi' or name is null;

7. index_merge

表示使用了索引合并的优化方法 例子: explain select * from teacher where id = 1 or teacher_no = 'T2010001' .

8. range

只检索给定范围的行,使用一个索引来选择行,key列显示使用了哪个索引 一般就是在你的where语句中出现between、<>、in等的查询。
例子: explain select * from subject where id between 1 and 3;

9. index

Full index Scan,Index与All区别:index只遍历索引树,通常比All快 因为索引文件通常比数据文件小,也就是虽然all和index都是读全表,但index是从索引中读取的,而all 是从硬盘读的。 
例子: 
explain select id from subject;

10. ALL

Full Table Scan,
将遍历全表以找到匹配行 
例子: explain select * from subject;
posted @ 2021-03-25 20:41  金融融融融果果  阅读(70)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报