Struts2学习之拦截器

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拦截器:

  - Struts2大多数核心功能都是通过拦截器实现的,每个拦截器完成某项功能

  - 拦截器方法在Action执行之前或之后执行

工作原理:

  - 拦截器的执行过程是一个递归的过程

  - action请求-->拦截器1-->拦截器2-->...-->拦截器n-->action方法-->返回结果-->拦截器n-->...-->拦截器2-->拦截器1-->逻辑视图

实现方式:

  - 方式一:实现Interceptor接口

    1) void init():初始化拦截器所需资源

    2) void destroy():释放在init()中分配的资源

    3) String interceptor(ActionInvocation invocation) throw Exception

      · 实现拦截器工鞥呢

      · 利用ActionInvocation参数获取Action动态

      · 返回result字符串作为逻辑视图

  - 方式二:继承AbstractInterceptor类(常用

    1) 提供了init()和destroy()方法的空实现

    2) 只需要实现interceptor方法

Struts2内置拦截器:

  - params拦截器

    负责将请求参数设置为Action属性

  - staticParams拦截器

    将配置文件中action子元素param参数设置为Action属性

  - servletConfig拦截器

    将源于Servlet API的各种对象注入到Action中,必须实现对应接口

  - fileUpload拦截器

    对文件上传提供支持,将文件和元数据设置到对应的Action属性(对Commons-FileUpload进行封装)

  - exception

    捕获异常,并且将异常映射到用户自定义的错误页面

  - validation拦截器

    调用验证框架进行数据验证

实例:

1.项目结构

2.pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  
  	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  	
	<groupId>org.struts</groupId>
	<artifactId>Struts2-TimerInterceptor</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	
	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<struts.version>2.5.10</struts.version>
	</properties>
	
	<dependencies>
		<!-- Junit -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.12</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- Struts2 -->
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
		    <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
		    <version>${struts.version}</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	
	<build>
		<finalName>Struts2-TimerInterceptor</finalName>
	</build>
	
</project>

3.web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
  version="3.0" metadata-complete="true">
  
  	<!-- 首页 -->
  	<welcome-file-list>
  		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  	</welcome-file-list>
  
	<!-- Struts2过滤器-->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
  
</web-app>

4.index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Struts2拦截器示例之时间拦截器</title>
</head>
<body>
	<a href="timer">执行Action方法并计算执行时间</a>
</body>
</html>

5.success.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>执行成功</title>
</head>
<body>
	Action执行成功
</body>
</html>

6.TimerAction.java

package org.struts.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class TimerAction extends ActionSupport {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		
		for (int i = 0; i <1000; i++) {
			
			System.out.println("第" + i + "次循环");
			
		}
		return SUCCESS;
		
	}

}

7.TimerInterceptor.java

package org.struts.interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;

public class TimerInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Override
	public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
		
		// 获取当前时间:ms
		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
		// 执行下一个拦截器,若已是最后一个拦截器则执行action方法(result为逻辑视图名称)
		String result = invocation.invoke();
		// 获取当前时间:ms
		long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
		// 计算action执行时间并输出
		System.out.println("action执行时间为:" + (end - start) + "ms");
		// 返回逻辑视图
		return result;
		
	}

}

8.struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>

	<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
		
		<!-- 注册拦截器 -->
		<interceptors>
			<interceptor name="timer" class="org.struts.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
		</interceptors>
		
		<action name="timer" class="org.struts.action.TimerAction">
			<result>/success.jsp</result>
			<!-- 引用拦截器 -->
			<interceptor-ref name="timer"/>
		</action>
		
	</package>

</struts>

9.效果预览

参考:http://www.imooc.com/video/9010

posted @ 2017-05-31 14:59  禁忌夜色153  阅读(208)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报