Python logging模块使用记录


1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕


import
logging logging.debug('This is debug message') logging.info('This is info message') logging.warning('This is warning message') 屏幕上打印: WARNING:root:This is warning message

默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为WARNING;

日志级别大小关系为:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET,当然也可以自己定义日志级别。

 

2.通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置

 1 import logging
 2 
 3 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
 4                 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
 5                 datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
 6                 filename='myapp.log',
 7                 filemode='w')
 8     
 9 logging.debug('This is debug message')
10 logging.info('This is info message')
11 logging.warning('This is warning message')
12  
13 ./myapp.log文件中内容为:
14 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
15 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
16 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

logging.basicConfig函数各参数:
filename: 指定日志文件名
filemode: 和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,'w'或'a'
format: 指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示:
 %(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值
 %(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称
 %(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0]
 %(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名
 %(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数
 %(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号
 %(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间
 %(thread)d: 打印线程ID
 %(threadName)s: 打印线程名称
 %(process)d: 打印进程ID
 %(message)s: 打印日志信息
datefmt: 指定时间格式,同time.strftime()
level: 设置日志级别,默认为logging.WARNING
stream: 指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略

 

3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕

 1 import logging
 2 
 3 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
 4                 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
 5                 datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
 6                 filename='myapp.log',
 7                 filemode='w')
 8 
 9 #################################################################################################
10 #定义一个StreamHandler,将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#
11 console = logging.StreamHandler()
12 console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
13 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
14 console.setFormatter(formatter)
15 logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
16 #################################################################################################
17 
18 logging.debug('This is debug message')
19 logging.info('This is info message')
20 logging.warning('This is warning message')
21  
22 屏幕上打印:
23 root        : INFO     This is info message
24 root        : WARNING  This is warning message
25 ./myapp.log文件中内容为:
26 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
27 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
28 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

4.logging之日志回滚

 1 import logging
 2 from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
 3 
 4 #################################################################################################
 5 #定义一个RotatingFileHandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10M
 6 Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)
 7 Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
 8 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
 9 Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
10 logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)
11 ################################################################################################

从上例和本例可以看出,logging有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addHandler添加进去的。
logging的几种handle方式如下:

logging.StreamHandler: 日志输出到流,可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件
logging.FileHandler: 日志输出到文件

日志回滚方式,实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler
logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler

logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP sockets
logging.handlers.DatagramHandler:  远程输出日志到UDP sockets
logging.handlers.SMTPHandler:  远程输出日志到邮件地址
logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到syslog
logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志
logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定buffer
logging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过"GET"或"POST"远程输出到HTTP服务器

 

由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中,

 

5.通过logging.config模块配置日志

#logger.conf
###############################################
[loggers]
keys=root,example01,example02
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=hand01,hand02
[logger_example01]
handlers=hand01,hand02
qualname=example01
propagate=0
[logger_example02]
handlers=hand01,hand03
qualname=example02
propagate=0
###############################################
[handlers]
keys=hand01,hand02,hand03
[handler_hand01]
class=StreamHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=(sys.stderr,)
[handler_hand02]
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=form01
args=('myapp.log', 'a')
[handler_hand03]
class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)
###############################################
[formatters]
keys=form01,form02
[formatter_form01]
format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S
[formatter_form02]
format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
datefmt=
上例3:
import logging
import logging.config

logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example01")

logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')
上例4:
import logging
import logging.config

logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example02")

logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')

 

posted @ 2015-11-15 11:48  狂师  阅读(395)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报