docker 创建redis容器以及redis命令笔记

目录

• 一、拉取redis容器
• 二、从github上获取redis配置文件
• 三、创建一个dockerFile
• 四、制作镜像启动
• 五、验证是否挂载成功
• Redis常用配置参数
• Redis持久化
  • RDB的优点
  • RDB的缺点
  • AOF优点
  • AOF缺点
  • 快照
  • 工作方式
  • 恢复方式
  • 只追加操作的文件（Append-only file，AOF）
  • 如果AOF文件损坏了怎么办？
    • 工作原理
  • AOF和RDB之间的相互作用
  • 备份redis数据
• Redis命令
• 事务（Redis 部分支持事务，执行错误后不能回滚，会继续执行正确的命令）
  • 用法
  • 事务中的错误
  • 为什么 Redis 不支持回滚（roll back）
  • 使用 check-and-set 操作实现乐观锁
• Redis 主从复制、读写分离（基于docker）
  • • 启动sentinel容器
• Redis 完整配置文件

一、拉取redis容器

根据官网创建拥有自己配置文件的redis容器
https://hub.docker.com/_/redis

docker pull redis
docker images

二、从github上获取redis配置文件

三、创建一个dockerFile

FROM redis
COPY redis.conf /redis.conf
CMD [ "redis-server", "/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf" ]

注：redis.conf是执行docker build命令的目录下的文件，/redis.conf为容器中文件

四、制作镜像启动

docker build -f /usr/local/redis/dockerFile -t redis:1.0 . #制作镜像
#复制redis.conf到/usr/etc/redis/conf，否则会因为docker挂载时自动创建redis.conf目录导致挂载失败报错，启动时必须指定配置文件/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf，否则在配置#文件中的修改不生效
docker run -d -p 6379:6379 -v /usr/local/redis/redis.conf:/redis.conf -v /usr/local/redis/data:/data --name redis redis:1.0 redis-server /redis.conf --appendonly yes  #--appendonly yes AOF持久化 可在redis.conf文件中配置。同事默认启用RDB备份方式

docker exec -it ce2f41cb9daa19eb82ae694b71085a51812403a85070f3a4fd3f211342ad414b /bin/bash

五、验证是否挂载成功

#exit 退出容器后重启容器
docker restart redis

刚才设置的key还在

六、配置密码
修改挂载宿主机配置文件（命令行设置的密码为临时密码重启后失效）

将该行注释放开后设置成自己的密码requirepass 123456

Redis常用配置参数

# 参数说明
# redis.conf 配置项说明如下：
# Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
  daemonize no
# 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
  pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
# 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379，作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口，因为6379在手机按键上MERZ对应的号码，而MERZ取自意大利歌女Alessia Merz的名字
  port 6379
# 绑定的主机地址
  bind 127.0.0.1
# 当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能
  timeout 300
# 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
  loglevel verbose
# 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null
  logfile stdout
# 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
  databases 16
# 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合
  save <seconds> <changes>
  Redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件：
  save 900 1
  save 300 10
  save 60 10000
  分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。
 
# 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
  rdbcompression yes
# 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
  dbfilename dump.rdb
# 指定本地数据库存放目录
  dir ./
# 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步
  slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
# 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
  masterauth <master-password>
# 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭
  requirepass foobared
# 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息
  maxclients 128
# 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区
  maxmemory <bytes>
# 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
  appendonly no
# 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof
   appendfilename appendonly.aof
# 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：
  no：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）
  always：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）
  everysec：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）
  appendfsync everysec
 
# 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制）
   vm-enabled no
# 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
   vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
# 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
   vm-max-memory 0
# Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值
   vm-page-size 32
# 设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。
   vm-pages 134217728
# 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4
   vm-max-threads 4
# 设置在向客户端应答时，是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送，默认为开启
  glueoutputbuf yes
# 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法
  hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
  hash-max-zipmap-value 512
# 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启（后面在介绍Redis的哈希算法时具体介绍）
  activerehashing yes
# 指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
  include /path/to/local.conf

Redis持久化

Redis 提供了不同级别的持久化方式:

• RDB持久化方式能够在指定的时间间隔能对你的数据进行快照存储.
• AOF持久化方式记录每次对服务器写的操作,当服务器重启的时候会重新执行这些命令来恢复原始的数据,AOF命令以redis协议追加保存每次写的操作到文件末尾.Redis还能对AOF文件进行后台重写,使得AOF文件的体积不至于过大.
• 如果你只希望你的数据在服务器运行的时候存在,你也可以不使用任何持久化方式.
• 你也可以同时开启两种持久化方式, 在这种情况下, 当redis重启的时候会优先载入AOF文件来恢复原始的数据,因为在通常情况下AOF文件保存的数据集要比RDB文件保存的数据集要完整.

最重要的事情是了解RDB和AOF持久化方式的不同,让我们以RDB持久化方式开始:

RDB的优点

RDB是一个非常紧凑的文件,它保存了某个时间点得数据集,非常适用于数据集的备份,比如你可以在每个小时报保存一下过去24小时内的数据,同时每天保存过去30天的数据,这样即使出了问题你也可以根据需求恢复到不同版本的数据集.
RDB是一个紧凑的单一文件,很方便传送到另一个远端数据中心或者亚马逊的S3（可能加密），非常适用于灾难恢复.
RDB在保存RDB文件时父进程唯一需要做的就是fork出一个子进程,接下来的工作全部由子进程来做，父进程不需要再做其他IO操作，所以RDB持久化方式可以最大化redis的性能.
与AOF相比,在恢复大的数据集的时候，RDB方式会更快一些.

RDB的缺点

如果你希望在redis意外停止工作（例如电源中断）的情况下丢失的数据最少的话，那么RDB不适合你.虽然你可以配置不同的save时间点(例如每隔5分钟并且对数据集有100个写的操作),是Redis要完整的保存整个数据集是一个比较繁重的工作,你通常会每隔5分钟或者更久做一次完整的保存,万一在Redis意外宕机,你可能会丢失几分钟的数据.
RDB 需要经常fork子进程来保存数据集到硬盘上,当数据集比较大的时候,fork的过程是非常耗时的,可能会导致Redis在一些毫秒级内不能响应客户端的请求.如果数据集巨大并且CPU性能不是很好的情况下,这种情况会持续1秒,AOF也需要fork,但是你可以调节重写日志文件的频率来提高数据集的耐久度.

AOF优点

使用AOF 会让你的Redis更加耐久: 你可以使用不同的fsync策略：无fsync,每秒fsync,每次写的时候fsync.使用默认的每秒fsync策略,Redis的性能依然很好(fsync是由后台线程进行处理的,主线程会尽力处理客户端请求),一旦出现故障，你最多丢失1秒的数据.
AOF文件是一个只进行追加的日志文件,所以不需要写入seek,即使由于某些原因(磁盘空间已满，写的过程中宕机等等)未执行完整的写入命令,你也也可使用redis-check-aof工具修复这些问题.
Redis 可以在 AOF 文件体积变得过大时，自动地在后台对 AOF 进行重写： 重写后的新 AOF 文件包含了恢复当前数据集所需的最小命令集合。 整个重写操作是绝对安全的，因为 Redis 在创建新 AOF 文件的过程中，会继续将命令追加到现有的 AOF 文件里面，即使重写过程中发生停机，现有的 AOF 文件也不会丢失。 而一旦新 AOF 文件创建完毕，Redis 就会从旧 AOF 文件切换到新 AOF 文件，并开始对新 AOF 文件进行追加操作。
AOF 文件有序地保存了对数据库执行的所有写入操作， 这些写入操作以 Redis 协议的格式保存， 因此 AOF 文件的内容非常容易被人读懂， 对文件进行分析（parse）也很轻松。 导出（export） AOF 文件也非常简单： 举个例子， 如果你不小心执行了 FLUSHALL 命令， 但只要 AOF 文件未被重写， 那么只要停止服务器， 移除 AOF 文件末尾的 FLUSHALL 命令， 并重启 Redis ， 就可以将数据集恢复到 FLUSHALL 执行之前的状态。

AOF缺点

对于相同的数据集来说，AOF 文件的体积通常要大于 RDB 文件的体积。
根据所使用的 fsync 策略，AOF 的速度可能会慢于 RDB 。 在一般情况下， 每秒 fsync 的性能依然非常高， 而关闭 fsync 可以让 AOF 的速度和 RDB 一样快， 即使在高负荷之下也是如此。 不过在处理巨大的写入载入时，RDB 可以提供更有保证的最大延迟时间（latency）。

如何选择使用哪种持久化方式？
一般来说， 如果想达到足以媲美 PostgreSQL 的数据安全性， 你应该同时使用两种持久化功能。
如果你非常关心你的数据， 但仍然可以承受数分钟以内的数据丢失， 那么你可以只使用 RDB 持久化。
有很多用户都只使用 AOF 持久化， 但我们并不推荐这种方式： 因为定时生成 RDB 快照（snapshot）非常便于进行数据库备份， 并且 RDB 恢复数据集的速度也要比 AOF 恢复的速度要快， 除此之外， 使用 RDB 还可以避免之前提到的 AOF 程序的 bug 。

Note: 因为以上提到的种种原因， 未来我们可能会将 AOF 和 RDB 整合成单个持久化模型。 （这是一个长期计划。） 接下来的几个小节将介绍 RDB 和 AOF 的更多细节。

快照

在默认情况下， Redis 将数据库快照保存在名字为 dump.rdb的二进制文件中。你可以对 Redis 进行设置， 让它在“ N 秒内数据集至少有 M 个改动”这一条件被满足时， 自动保存一次数据集。你也可以通过调用 SAVE或者 BGSAVE ， 手动让 Redis 进行数据集保存操作。

比如说， 以下设置会让 Redis 在满足“ 60 秒内有至少有 1000 个键被改动”这一条件时， 自动保存一次数据集:

save 60 1000
这种持久化方式被称为快照 snapshotting.

工作方式

当 Redis 需要保存 dump.rdb 文件时， 服务器执行以下操作:

• Redis 调用forks. 同时拥有父进程和子进程。
• 子进程将数据集写入到一个临时 RDB 文件中。
• 当子进程完成对新 RDB 文件的写入时，Redis 用新 RDB 文件替换原来的 RDB 文件，并删除旧的 RDB 文件。
• 这种工作方式使得 Redis 可以从写时复制（copy-on-write）机制中获益。

恢复方式

只需将备份的dump.rdb文件替换config get dir 下的dump.rdb文件即可；

只追加操作的文件（Append-only file，AOF）

快照功能并不是非常耐久（dura ble）： 如果 Redis 因为某些原因而造成故障停机， 那么服务器将丢失最近写入、且仍未保存到快照中的那些数据。 从 1.1 版本开始， Redis 增加了一种完全耐久的持久化方式： AOF 持久化。

你可以在配置文件中打开AOF方式:

appendonly yes
从现在开始， 每当 Redis 执行一个改变数据集的命令时（比如 SET）， 这个命令就会被追加到 AOF 文件的末尾。这样的话， 当 Redis 重新启时， 程序就可以通过重新执行 AOF 文件中的命令来达到重建数据集的目的。

日志重写
因为 AOF 的运作方式是不断地将命令追加到文件的末尾， 所以随着写入命令的不断增加， AOF 文件的体积也会变得越来越大。举个例子， 如果你对一个计数器调用了 100 次 INCR ， 那么仅仅是为了保存这个计数器的当前值， AOF 文件就需要使用 100 条记录（entry）。然而在实际上， 只使用一条 SET 命令已经足以保存计数器的当前值了， 其余 99 条记录实际上都是多余的。

为了处理这种情况， Redis 支持一种有趣的特性： 可以在不打断服务客户端的情况下， 对 AOF 文件进行重建（rebuild）。执行 BGREWRITEAOF 命令， Redis 将生成一个新的 AOF 文件， 这个文件包含重建当前数据集所需的最少命令。Redis 2.2 需要自己手动执行 BGREWRITEAOF 命令； Redis 2.4 则可以自动触发 AOF 重写， 具体信息请查看 2.4 的示例配置文件。

AOF有多耐用?
你可以配置 Redis 多久才将数据 fsync 到磁盘一次。有三种方式：

• 每次有新命令追加到 AOF 文件时就执行一次 fsync ：非常慢，也非常安全
• 每秒 fsync 一次：足够快（和使用 RDB 持久化差不多），并且在故障时只会丢失 1 秒钟的数据。
• 从不 fsync ：将数据交给操作系统来处理。更快，也更不安全的选择。
• 推荐（并且也是默认）的措施为每秒 fsync 一次， 这种 fsync 策略可以兼顾速度和安全性。

如果AOF文件损坏了怎么办？

服务器可能在程序正在对 AOF 文件进行写入时停机， 如果停机造成了 AOF 文件出错（corrupt）， 那么 Redis 在重启时会拒绝载入这个 AOF 文件， 从而确保数据的一致性不会被破坏。当发生这种情况时， 可以用以下方法来修复出错的 AOF 文件：

• 为现有的 AOF 文件创建一个备份。

• 使用 Redis 附带的 redis-check-aof 程序，对原来的 AOF 文件进行修复:

• $ redis-check-aof –fix

• （可选）使用 diff -u 对比修复后的 AOF 文件和原始 AOF 文件的备份，查看两个文件之间的不同之处。

• 重启 Redis 服务器，等待服务器载入修复后的 AOF 文件，并进行数据恢复。

工作原理

AOF 重写和 RDB 创建快照一样，都巧妙地利用了写时复制机制:

• Redis 执行 fork() ，现在同时拥有父进程和子进程。
• 子进程开始将新 AOF 文件的内容写入到临时文件。
• 对于所有新执行的写入命令，父进程一边将它们累积到一个内存缓存中，一边将这些改动追加到现有 AOF 文件的末尾,这样样即使在重写的中途发生停机，现有的 AOF 文件也还是安全的。
• 当子进程完成重写工作时，它给父进程发送一个信号，父进程在接收到信号之后，将内存缓存中的所有数据追加到新 AOF 文件的末尾。
• 搞定！现在 Redis 原子地用新文件替换旧文件，之后所有命令都会直接追加到新 AOF 文件的末尾。

怎样从RDB方式切换为AOF方式

在 Redis 2.2 或以上版本，可以在不重启的情况下，从 RDB 切换到 AOF ：

• 为最新的 dump.rdb 文件创建一个备份。
• 将备份放到一个安全的地方。
• 执行以下两条命令:
• redis-cli config set appendonly yes
• redis-cli config set save “”
• 确保写命令会被正确地追加到 AOF 文件的末尾。
• 执行的第一条命令开启了 AOF 功能： Redis 会阻塞直到初始 AOF 文件创建完成为止， 之后 Redis 会继续处理命令请求， 并开始将写入命令追加到 AOF 文件末尾。
• 执行的第二条命令用于关闭 RDB 功能。 这一步是可选的， 如果你愿意的话， 也可以同时使用 RDB 和 AOF 这两种持久化功能。

重要:别忘了在 redis.conf 中打开 AOF 功能！ 否则的话， 服务器重启之后， 之前通过 CONFIG SET 设置的配置就会被遗忘， 程序会按原来的配置来启动服务器。

AOF和RDB之间的相互作用

在版本号大于等于 2.4 的 Redis 中， BGSAVE 执行的过程中， 不可以执行 BGREWRITEAOF 。 反过来说， 在 BGREWRITEAOF 执行的过程中， 也不可以执行 BGSAVE。这可以防止两个 Redis 后台进程同时对磁盘进行大量的 I/O 操作。
如果 BGSAVE 正在执行， 并且用户显示地调用 BGREWRITEAOF 命令， 那么服务器将向用户回复一个 OK 状态， 并告知用户， BGREWRITEAOF 已经被预定执行： 一旦 BGSAVE 执行完毕， BGREWRITEAOF 就会正式开始。 当 Redis 启动时， 如果 RDB 持久化和 AOF 持久化都被打开了， 那么程序会优先使用 AOF 文件来恢复数据集， 因为 AOF 文件所保存的数据通常是最完整的。

备份redis数据

在阅读这个小节前， 请牢记下面这句话: 确保你的数据由完整的备份. 磁盘故障， 节点失效， 诸如此类的问题都可能让你的数据消失不见， 不进行备份是非常危险的。
Redis 对于数据备份是非常友好的， 因为你可以在服务器运行的时候对 RDB 文件进行复制： RDB 文件一旦被创建， 就不会进行任何修改。 当服务器要创建一个新的 RDB 文件时， 它先将文件的内容保存在一个临时文件里面， 当临时文件写入完毕时， 程序才使用 rename(2) 原子地用临时文件替换原来的 RDB 文件。

这也就是说， 无论何时， 复制 RDB 文件都是绝对安全的。

• 创建一个定期任务（cron job）， 每小时将一个 RDB 文件备份到一个文件夹， 并且每天将一个 RDB 文件备份到另一个文件夹。
• 确保快照的备份都带有相应的日期和时间信息， 每次执行定期任务脚本时， 使用 find 命令来删除过期的快照： 比如说， 你可以保留最近 48 小时内的每小时快照， 还可以保留最近一两个月的每日快照。
• 至少每天一次， 将 RDB 备份到你的数据中心之外， 或者至少是备份到你运行 Redis 服务器的物理机器之外。
  容灾备份
• Redis 的容灾备份基本上就是对数据进行备份， 并将这些备份传送到多个不同的外部数据中心。容灾备份可以在 Redis 运行并产生快照的主数据中心发生严重的问题时， 仍然让数据处于安全状态。

因为很多 Redis 用户都是创业者， 他们没有大把大把的钱可以浪费， 所以下面介绍的都是一些实用又便宜的容灾备份方法：

• Amazon S3 ，以及其他类似 S3 的服务，是一个构建灾难备份系统的好地方。 最简单的方法就是将你的每小时或者每日 RDB 备份加密并传送到 S3 。 对数据的加密可以通过 gpg -c 命令来完成（对称加密模式）。 记得把你的密码放到几个不同的、安全的地方去（比如你可以把密码复制给你组织里最重要的人物）。 同时使用多个储存服务来保存数据文件，可以提升数据的安全性。
• 传送快照可以使用 SCP 来完成（SSH 的组件）。 以下是简单并且安全的传送方法： 买一个离你的数据中心非常远的 VPS ， 装上 SSH ， 创建一个无口令的 SSH 客户端 key ， 并将这个 key 添加到 VPS 的 authorized_keys 文件中， 这样就可以向这个 VPS 传送快照备份文件了。 为了达到最好的数据安全性，至少要从两个不同的提供商那里各购买一个 VPS 来进行数据容灾备份。
• 需要注意的是， 这类容灾系统如果没有小心地进行处理的话， 是很容易失效的。最低限度下， 你应该在文件传送完毕之后， 检查所传送备份文件的体积和原始快照文件的体积是否相同。 如果你使用的是 VPS ， 那么还可以通过比对文件的 SHA1 校验和来确认文件是否传送完整。
  另外， 你还需要一个独立的警报系统， 让它在负责传送备份文件的传送器（transfer）失灵时通知你。

Redis命令

redis 命令
redis命令手册
redis中文官网

config get * #获取所有配置项
config get requirepass #获取密码
config set requirepass 123456 #设置密码为123456

事务（Redis 部分支持事务，执行错误后不能回滚，会继续执行正确的命令）

MULTI（标记事务块的开始） 、 EXEC（执行所有MULTI后的命令） 、 DISCARD （丢弃所有MULTI后的命令）和 WATCH （锁定key直到执行了MULTI/EXEC命令或DISCARD命令）、UNWATCH（取消事务以及WATCH锁定的key）是 Redis 事务相关的命令。事务可以一次执行多个命令， 并且带有以下两个重要的保证：

• 事务是一个单独的隔离操作：事务中的所有命令都会序列化、按顺序地执行。事务在执行的过程中，不会被其他客户端发送来的命令请求所打断。
• 事务是一个原子操作：事务中的命令要么全部被执行，要么全部都不执行（不保证执行成功）。

EXEC 命令负责触发并执行事务中的所有命令：

• 如果客户端在使用 MULTI 开启了一个事务之后，却因为断线而没有成功执行 EXEC ，那么事务中的所有命令都不会被执行。
• 另一方面，如果客户端成功在开启事务之后执行 EXEC ，那么事务中的所有命令都会被执行。
  当使用 AOF 方式做持久化的时候， Redis 会使用单个 write(2) 命令将事务写入到磁盘中。

然而，如果 Redis 服务器因为某些原因被管理员杀死，或者遇上某种硬件故障，那么可能只有部分事务命令会被成功写入到磁盘中。

如果 Redis 在重新启动时发现 AOF 文件出了这样的问题，那么它会退出，并汇报一个错误。

使用redis-check-aof程序可以修复这一问题：它会移除 AOF 文件中不完整事务的信息，确保服务器可以顺利启动。

从 2.2 版本开始，Redis 还可以通过乐观锁（optimistic lock）实现 CAS （check-and-set）操作，具体信息请参考文档的后半部分。

用法

MULTI 命令用于开启一个事务，它总是返回 OK 。 MULTI 执行之后， 客户端可以继续向服务器发送任意多条命令， 这些命令不会立即被执行， 而是被放到一个队列中， 当 EXEC命令被调用时， 所有队列中的命令才会被执行。另一方面， 通过调用 DISCARD ， 客户端可以清空事务队列， 并放弃执行事务。

事务中的错误

使用事务时可能会遇上以下两种错误：

• 事务在执行 EXEC 之前，入队的命令可能会出错。比如说，命令可能会产生语法错误（参数数量错误，参数名错误，等等），或者其他更严重的错误，比如内存不足（如果服务器使用 maxmemory 设置了最大内存限制的话）。
• 命令可能在 EXEC 调用之后失败。举个例子，事务中的命令可能处理了错误类型的键，比如将列表命令用在了字符串键上面，诸如此类。
  对于发生在 EXEC 执行之前的错误，客户端以前的做法是检查命令入队所得的返回值：如果命令入队时返回 QUEUED ，那么入队成功；否则，就是入队失败。如果有命令在入队时失败，那么大部分客户端都会停止并取消这个事务。

不过，从 Redis 2.6.5 开始，服务器会对命令入队失败的情况进行记录，并在客户端调用 EXEC 命令时，拒绝执行并自动放弃这个事务。

> multi
OK
> abc  #abc 命令错误入队失败，放弃整个事务
QUEUED
> set key13 v13
QUEUED
> exec
ReplyError: EXECABORT Transaction discarded because of previous errors.
> get key13
null

至于那些在 EXEC 命令执行之后所产生的错误， 并没有对它们进行特别处理： 即使事务中有某个/某些命令在执行时产生了错误， 事务中的其他命令仍然会继续执行。

> multi
OK
> incr k   #k = a ，incr 命令执行失败，其他命令继续执行
QUEUED
> set key0 v0
QUEUED
> set key11 v11
QUEUED
> exec
OK
OK

为什么 Redis 不支持回滚（roll back）

如果你有使用关系式数据库的经验， 那么 “Redis 在事务失败时不进行回滚，而是继续执行余下的命令”这种做法可能会让你觉得有点奇怪。
以下是这种做法的优点：

Redis 命令只会因为错误的语法而失败（并且这些问题不能在入队时发现），或是命令用在了错误类型的键上面：这也就是说，从实用性的角度来说，失败的命令是由编程错误造成的，而这些错误应该在开发的过程中被发现，而不应该出现在生产环境中。
因为不需要对回滚进行支持，所以 Redis 的内部可以保持简单且快速。

使用 check-and-set 操作实现乐观锁

WATCH 命令可以为 Redis 事务提供 check-and-set （CAS）行为。

被 WATCH 的键会被监视，并会发觉这些键是否被改动过了。 如果有至少一个被监视的键在 EXEC 执行之前被修改了， 那么整个事务都会被取消， EXEC 返回nil-reply来表示事务已经失败。

> get k
10
> watch k
OK
> multi
OK
> set k 20
QUEUED
> exec #执行exec 命令前用其它客户端执行了 set k 30 命令，该事务被放弃
null
> get k
30

Redis 主从复制、读写分离（基于docker）

sentinel.conf

sentinel monitor mymaster 172.19.0.11 6379 1
sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123456
requirepass 123456
daemonize no

redis.conf主，可写

# bind 127.0.0.1
protected-mode yes #关闭保护模式
logfile "redis.log" #自定义日志名称
requirepass 123456 #密码
appendonly yes #开启AOF持久化

redis.conf从，只读

# bind 127.0.0.1
protected-mode yes
logfile "redis.log"
requirepass 123456
appendonly yes
replicaof 172.19.0.11 6379  #监听主机地址端口，主从复制，该地址为启动容器时指定
masterauth 123456

编写dockerFile生成sentinel镜像

FROM redis
COPY sentinel.conf /usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf
CMD [ "redis-sentinel", "/usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf" ]

docker build -f /usr/local/redis/sentinelDockerFile -t redis-sentinel:1.0 .制作镜像

启动一主2从容器

#首先创建好/usr/etc/redis/conf/redis-master/redis.conf挂载文件，自动生成的为目录

#创建自定义网络（或使用host模式），不然同机器容器间不能通信，从redis库连接不上主redis，会报Error condition on socket for SYNC: Operation now in progress
docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 172.19.0.0/16 redis_network
#主Redis 容器
docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --network redis_network --ip 172.19.0.11 -v /usr/etc/redis/conf/redis-master/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf -v /usr/local/redis/redis-master/data:/data --name redis-master redis:1.0
#从Redis 容器
docker run -d -p 6380:6379 --network redis_network --ip 172.19.0.12 -v /usr/etc/redis/conf/redis-salve01/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf -v /usr/local/redis/redis-salve01/data:/data --name redis-salve01 redis:1.0
#从Redis 容器
docker run -d -p 6381:6379 --network redis_network --ip 172.19.0.13 -v /usr/etc/redis/conf/redis-salve02/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf -v /usr/local/redis/redis-salve02/data:/data --name redis-salve02 redis:1.0

主Redis地址

测试


同样方式启动另外一个从Redis

启动sentinel容器

#注意：-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10925 Sep 29 22:17 sentinel.conf  该文件权限需要其它用户可写chmod 777 sentinel.conf，否则容器起不起来

docker run -d -p 6383:26379 --network redis_network --ip 172.19.0.14 -v /usr/etc/redis/conf/redis-sentinel01/sentinel.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf -v /usr/local/redis/redis-sentinel01/data:/data --name redis-sentinel01 redis-sentinel:1.0

docker run -d -p 6384:26379 --network redis_network --ip 172.19.0.15 -v /usr/etc/redis/conf/redis-sentinel02/sentinel.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf -v /usr/local/redis/redis-sentinel02/data:/data --name redis-sentinel02 redis-sentinel:1.0

查看sentinel.conf

停止redis-master容器，redis-salve02容器成为主库，sentinel.conf配置文件中从库地址更新

Redis 完整配置文件

# Redis configuration file example.
#
# 为了读取配置文件，redis必须以文件路径作为第一个参数启动：
#
# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# 当需要指定内存大小时可以以如下形式指定
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# 单位不区分大小写

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# 在此包含一个或多个其他配置文件。如果你有一个标准的模板，去所有的Redis服务器，但也需要为每个服务器自定义一些设置。包含文件可以包括其他文件，所以要明智地使用它。
# 注意，选项“include”不会被来自admin或Redis Sentinel的命令“CONFIG REWRITE”重写
# 如果您对使用include重写配置选项感兴趣，那么最好使用include作为最后一行
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf

################################## MODULES #####################################
# 默认情况下，如果没有指定“bind”配置指令，Redis将侦听主机上所有可用网络接口的连接。
# 使用“bind”配置指令，后跟一个或多个IP地址，可以只监听一个或多个选定的接口。
# 注：需要其它机器访问redis时，需将该行注释（或bind），默认 bind 127.0.0.1
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1 

# 如果运行Redis的计算机直接暴露在internet上，绑定到所有接口是危险的，并且会将实例暴露给internet上的每个人。
# 因此，在默认情况下，我们取消了以下bind指令的注释，这将强制Redis只监听IPv4环回接口地址（这意味着Redis将只能接受来自运行它的同一主机的客户端连接）。
bind 127.0.0.1

# 保护模式是一层安全保护，为了避免这种情况
# 访问和利用互联网上开放的Redis实例。

# 当保护模式开启时，如果：
# 1） 服务器没有使用“bind”指令显式绑定到一组地址。
# 2） 未配置密码。
# 服务器只接受来自IPv4和IPv6环回地址127.0.0.1和：：1的客户端以及来自Unix域套接字的连接。默认情况下，已启用保护模式。
# 只有当您确定希望其他主机的客户机连接到Redis时，才应该禁用它，即使没有配置身份验证，也没有使用“bind”指令显式列出一组特定的接口。
# 注：其它主机机器访问redis时需要关闭保护模式，默认 protected-mode yes
protected-mode yes 

# 接受指定端口上的连接，默认值为6379
port 6379

#在每秒请求数高的环境中，为了避免客户机连接速度慢的问题，您需要大量的积压工作。请注意，Linux内核
#将静默地将其截断为/proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn的值，因此请确保同时提高somaxconn和tcp_max_syn_backlog的值，以获得所需的效果。
tcp-backlog 511

# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700

#在客户端空闲N秒后关闭连接（0表示禁用）
timeout 0

# TCP保持连接。
# 如果不为零，请使用SO_KEEPALIVE在没有通信的情况下向客户端发送TCP ACKs。这有两个原因：
# 1） 检测死机。
# 2） 强制中间的网络设备认为连接是活动的。
# 在Linux上，指定的值（以秒为单位）是用于发送确认的周期。
# 请注意，要关闭连接，需要加倍的时间。在其他内核上，周期取决于内核配置。
# 此选项的合理值为300秒，这是从Redis 3.2.1开始的新Redis默认值。
tcp-keepalive 300

################################# TLS/SSL #####################################

# By default, TLS/SSL is disabled. To enable it, the "tls-port" configuration
# directive can be used to define TLS-listening ports. To enable TLS on the
# default port, use:
#
# port 0
# tls-port 6379

# Configure a X.509 certificate and private key to use for authenticating the
# server to connected clients, masters or cluster peers.  These files should be
# PEM formatted.
#
# tls-cert-file redis.crt 
# tls-key-file redis.key

# Configure a DH parameters file to enable Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange:
#
# tls-dh-params-file redis.dh

# Configure a CA certificate(s) bundle or directory to authenticate TLS/SSL
# clients and peers.  Redis requires an explicit configuration of at least one
# of these, and will not implicitly use the system wide configuration.
#
# tls-ca-cert-file ca.crt
# tls-ca-cert-dir /etc/ssl/certs

# By default, clients (including replica servers) on a TLS port are required
# to authenticate using valid client side certificates.
#
# If "no" is specified, client certificates are not required and not accepted.
# If "optional" is specified, client certificates are accepted and must be
# valid if provided, but are not required.
#
# tls-auth-clients no
# tls-auth-clients optional

# By default, a Redis replica does not attempt to establish a TLS connection
# with its master.
#
# Use the following directive to enable TLS on replication links.
#
# tls-replication yes

# By default, the Redis Cluster bus uses a plain TCP connection. To enable
# TLS for the bus protocol, use the following directive:
#
# tls-cluster yes

# Explicitly specify TLS versions to support. Allowed values are case insensitive
# and include "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.3" (OpenSSL >= 1.1.1) or
# any combination. To enable only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3, use:
#
# tls-protocols "TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3"

# Configure allowed ciphers.  See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information
# about the syntax of this string.
#
# Note: this configuration applies only to <= TLSv1.2.
#
# tls-ciphers DEFAULT:!MEDIUM

# Configure allowed TLSv1.3 ciphersuites.  See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more
# information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3
# ciphersuites.
#
# tls-ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

# When choosing a cipher, use the server's preference instead of the client
# preference. By default, the server follows the client's preference.
#
# tls-prefer-server-ciphers yes

# By default, TLS session caching is enabled to allow faster and less expensive
# reconnections by clients that support it. Use the following directive to disable
# caching.
#
# tls-session-caching no

# Change the default number of TLS sessions cached. A zero value sets the cache
# to unlimited size. The default size is 20480.
#
# tls-session-cache-size 5000

# Change the default timeout of cached TLS sessions. The default timeout is 300
# seconds.
#
# tls-session-cache-timeout 60

################################# GENERAL #####################################
# 默认情况下，Redis不作为守护进程运行。如果需要，请使用"yes"。
# 注意Redis将在/var/run中写入一个pid文件/redis.pid文件当被守护时。
daemonize no
# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#                        requires "expect stop" in your upstart job config
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous pings back to your supervisor.
supervised no

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid

# 指定服务器日志级别。
# This can be one of:
# debug (很多信息，对开发/测试很有用)
# verbose (很多很少有用的信息，但不像调试级别那样混乱)
# notice (适度冗长，可能是您在生产中想要的)
# warning (只记录非常重要/关键的消息)
loglevel notice
# 指定日志文件名。也可以使用空字符串强制Redis登录标准输出。请注意，如果您使用标准输出进行日志记录，但是daemonize，日志将被发送到/dev/null
logfile ""
# 要启用对系统记录器的日志记录，只需将“syslog enabled”设置为yes，并根据需要更新其他syslog参数。
# syslog-enabled no
# 指定系统日志标识
# syslog-ident redis
# 指定syslog工具。必须是USER或介于LOCAL0-LOCAL7之间。
# syslog-facility local0
# To disable the built in crash log, which will possibly produce cleaner core
# dumps when they are needed, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-log-enabled no

# To disable the fast memory check that's run as part of the crash log, which
# will possibly let redis terminate sooner, uncomment the following:
#
# crash-memcheck-enabled no

# 设置数据库的数量。默认数据库是db0，您可以使用select<dbid>在每个连接的基础上选择一个不同的数据库，其中dbid是0和“databases”-1之间的数字
databases 16

# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY and syslog logging is
# disabled. Basically this means that normally a logo is displayed only in
# interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo no

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   如果对数据库执行给定的秒数和写入操作数，则将保存数据库。（还可通过save或bgsave命令手动触发备份生成dump文件，另外flushall命令也会生成dump文件，但是是空的。）
#
#   在下面的示例中，行为将保存：
#   900秒（15分钟）后，如果至少有1个key改变
#   300秒（5分钟）后，如果至少有10个key发生变化
#   60秒后，如果至少有10000个key被更改
#
#   Note:您可以通过注释掉所有“保存”行来完全禁用保存。
#
#   还可以通过添加带有单个空字符串参数的save指令来删除所有先前配置的保存点
#   like in the following example:
#
#   save ""

save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# 默认情况下，如果启用了RDB快照（至少有一个保存点），并且最新的后台保存失败，则Redis将停止接受写入。
# 这将使用户意识到（以一种硬的方式）数据没有正确地保存在磁盘上，否则很可能没有人会注意到，并且会发生一些灾难。
#
# 如果后台保存进程重新开始工作，Redis将自动允许再次写入。
#
# 但是，如果您已经设置了对Redis服务器和持久性的适当监视，那么您可能希望禁用此功能，以便即使磁盘、权限等出现问题，Redis也将继续正常工作。
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# 在转储.rdb数据库时使用LZF压缩字符串对象？

# 默认情况下，压缩是启用的，因为它几乎总是成功的。

# 如果您想在saving子进程中节约一些CPU，请将其设置为“no”，但如果您有可压缩的值或键，则数据集可能会更大
rdbcompression yes

# 由于RDB的版本5，CRC64校验和被放在文件的末尾。
# 这使得格式更能防止损坏，但是在保存和加载RDB文件时，会有一个性能损失（大约10%），因此您可以禁用它以获得最大的性能。
#
# 在禁用校验和的情况下创建的RDB文件的校验和为零，这将告诉加载代码跳过检查。
rdbchecksum yes

# 转储数据库的文件名
dbfilename dump.rdb

#在没有启用持久性的实例中删除复制使用的RDB文件。
# 默认情况下，此选项处于禁用状态，但是，在某些环境中，出于管理法规或其他安全考虑，应尽快删除主服务器在磁盘上保留的RDB文件，
# 以便向副本提供数据，或通过副本存储在磁盘上以加载这些文件以进行初始同步。
# 请注意，此选项仅适用于同时禁用AOF和RDB持久性的实例，否则将完全忽略。
#
# 另一种（有时更好）的方法是在主实例和副本实例上使用无盘复制。但是，对于副本，无盘并不总是一个选项。
rdb-del-sync-files no

# The working directory.
#
# 数据库将写入此目录中，并使用上面使用“dbfilename”配置指令指定的文件名。
#
# 仅附加文件也将在此目录中创建。
#
# 请注意，您必须在此处指定目录，而不是文件名。
dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Replica replication. Use replicaof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
#   +------------------+      +---------------+
#   |      Master      | ---> |    Replica    |
#   | (receive writes) |      |  (exact copy) |
#   +------------------+      +---------------+
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
#    stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
#    a given number of replicas.
# 2) Redis replicas are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
#    master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
#    time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
#    sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
#    network partition replicas automatically try to reconnect to masters
#    and resynchronize with them.
#
# replicaof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the replica request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>
#
# However this is not enough if you are using Redis ACLs (for Redis version
# 6 or greater), and the default user is not capable of running the PSYNC
# command and/or other commands needed for replication. In this case it's
# better to configure a special user to use with replication, and specify the
# masteruser configuration as such:
#
# masteruser <username>
#
# When masteruser is specified, the replica will authenticate against its
# master using the new AUTH form: AUTH <username> <password>.

# When a replica loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the replica can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the replica will
#    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
#    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) If replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the replica will reply with
#    an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all commands except:
#    INFO, REPLICAOF, AUTH, PING, SHUTDOWN, REPLCONF, ROLE, CONFIG, SUBSCRIBE,
#    UNSUBSCRIBE, PSUBSCRIBE, PUNSUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, PUBSUB, COMMAND, POST,
#    HOST and LATENCY.
#
replica-serve-stale-data yes

# You can configure a replica instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a replica instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a replica will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default replicas are read-only.
#
# Note: read only replicas are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only replica exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only replicas using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
replica-read-only yes

# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# New replicas and reconnecting replicas that are not able to continue the
# replication process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a
# "full synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the
# replicas.
#
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
#                 file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
#                 process to the replicas incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
#              RDB file to replica sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more replicas
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child
# producing the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead
# once the transfer starts, new replicas arriving will be queued and a new
# transfer will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple
# replicas will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
#
# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
# works better.
repl-diskless-sync no

# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
# to the replicas.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new replicas arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the
# server waits a delay in order to let more replicas arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: RDB diskless load is experimental. Since in this setup the replica
# does not immediately store an RDB on disk, it may cause data loss during
# failovers. RDB diskless load + Redis modules not handling I/O reads may also
# cause Redis to abort in case of I/O errors during the initial synchronization
# stage with the master. Use only if you know what you are doing.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Replica can load the RDB it reads from the replication link directly from the
# socket, or store the RDB to a file and read that file after it was completely
# received from the master.
#
# In many cases the disk is slower than the network, and storing and loading
# the RDB file may increase replication time (and even increase the master's
# Copy on Write memory and salve buffers).
# However, parsing the RDB file directly from the socket may mean that we have
# to flush the contents of the current database before the full rdb was
# received. For this reason we have the following options:
#
# "disabled"    - Don't use diskless load (store the rdb file to the disk first)
# "on-empty-db" - Use diskless load only when it is completely safe.
# "swapdb"      - Keep a copy of the current db contents in RAM while parsing
#                 the data directly from the socket. note that this requires
#                 sufficient memory, if you don't have it, you risk an OOM kill.
repl-diskless-load disabled

# Replicas send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to
# change this interval with the repl_ping_replica_period option. The default
# value is 10 seconds.
#
# repl-ping-replica-period 10

# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of replica.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of replicas (data, pings).
# 3) Replica timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-replica-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the replica. The default
# value is 60 seconds.
#
# repl-timeout 60

# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the replica socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to replicas. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the replica side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the replica side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and replicas are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no

# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
# replica data when replicas are disconnected for some time, so that when a
# replica wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a
# partial resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the replica
# missed while disconnected.
#
# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the replica can endure the
# disconnect and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
#
# The backlog is only allocated if there is at least one replica connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb

# After a master has no connected replicas for some time, the backlog will be
# freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that need to
# elapse, starting from the time the last replica disconnected, for the backlog
# buffer to be freed.
#
# Note that replicas never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be
# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly "partially
# resynchronize" with other replicas: hence they should always accumulate backlog.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600

# The replica priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO
# output. It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a replica to promote
# into a master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A replica with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three replicas with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel
# will pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the replica as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a replica with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
replica-priority 100

# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N replicas connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N replicas need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the replica, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough replicas
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 replicas with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-replicas-to-write 3
# min-replicas-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-replicas-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-replicas-max-lag is set to 10.

# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached
# replicas in different ways. For example the "INFO replication" section
# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by
# Redis Sentinel in order to discover replica instances.
# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the
# "ROLE" command of a master.
#
# The listed IP address and port normally reported by a replica is
# obtained in the following way:
#
#   IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address
#   of the socket used by the replica to connect with the master.
#
#   Port: The port is communicated by the replica during the replication
#   handshake, and is normally the port that the replica is using to
#   listen for connections.
#
# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is
# used, the replica may actually be reachable via different IP and port
# pairs. The following two options can be used by a replica in order to
# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO
# and ROLE will report those values.
#
# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just
# the port or the IP address.
#
# replica-announce-ip 5.5.5.5
# replica-announce-port 1234

############################### KEYS TRACKING #################################

# Redis implements server assisted support for client side caching of values.
# This is implemented using an invalidation table that remembers, using
# 16 millions of slots, what clients may have certain subsets of keys. In turn
# this is used in order to send invalidation messages to clients. Please
# check this page to understand more about the feature:
#
#   https://redis.io/topics/client-side-caching
#
# When tracking is enabled for a client, all the read only queries are assumed
# to be cached: this will force Redis to store information in the invalidation
# table. When keys are modified, such information is flushed away, and
# invalidation messages are sent to the clients. However if the workload is
# heavily dominated by reads, Redis could use more and more memory in order
# to track the keys fetched by many clients.
#
# For this reason it is possible to configure a maximum fill value for the
# invalidation table. By default it is set to 1M of keys, and once this limit
# is reached, Redis will start to evict keys in the invalidation table
# even if they were not modified, just to reclaim memory: this will in turn
# force the clients to invalidate the cached values. Basically the table
# maximum size is a trade off between the memory you want to spend server
# side to track information about who cached what, and the ability of clients
# to retain cached objects in memory.
#
# If you set the value to 0, it means there are no limits, and Redis will
# retain as many keys as needed in the invalidation table.
# In the "stats" INFO section, you can find information about the number of
# keys in the invalidation table at every given moment.
#
# Note: when key tracking is used in broadcasting mode, no memory is used
# in the server side so this setting is useless.
#
# tracking-table-max-keys 1000000

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast, an outside user can try up to
# 1 million passwords per second against a modern box. This means that you
# should use very strong passwords, otherwise they will be very easy to break.
# Note that because the password is really a shared secret between the client
# and the server, and should not be memorized by any human, the password
# can be easily a long string from /dev/urandom or whatever, so by using a
# long and unguessable password no brute force attack will be possible.

# Redis ACL users are defined in the following format:
#
#   user <username> ... acl rules ...
#
# For example:
#
#   user worker +@list +@connection ~jobs:* on >ffa9203c493aa99
#
# The special username "default" is used for new connections. If this user
# has the "nopass" rule, then new connections will be immediately authenticated
# as the "default" user without the need of any password provided via the
# AUTH command. Otherwise if the "default" user is not flagged with "nopass"
# the connections will start in not authenticated state, and will require
# AUTH (or the HELLO command AUTH option) in order to be authenticated and
# start to work.
#
# The ACL rules that describe what a user can do are the following:
#
#  on           Enable the user: it is possible to authenticate as this user.
#  off          Disable the user: it's no longer possible to authenticate
#               with this user, however the already authenticated connections
#               will still work.
#  +<command>   Allow the execution of that command
#  -<command>   Disallow the execution of that command
#  +@<category> Allow the execution of all the commands in such category
#               with valid categories are like @admin, @set, @sortedset, ...
#               and so forth, see the full list in the server.c file where
#               the Redis command table is described and defined.
#               The special category @all means all the commands, but currently
#               present in the server, and that will be loaded in the future
#               via modules.
#  +<command>|subcommand    Allow a specific subcommand of an otherwise
#                           disabled command. Note that this form is not
#                           allowed as negative like -DEBUG|SEGFAULT, but
#                           only additive starting with "+".
#  allcommands  Alias for +@all. Note that it implies the ability to execute
#               all the future commands loaded via the modules system.
#  nocommands   Alias for -@all.
#  ~<pattern>   Add a pattern of keys that can be mentioned as part of
#               commands. For instance ~* allows all the keys. The pattern
#               is a glob-style pattern like the one of KEYS.
#               It is possible to specify multiple patterns.
#  allkeys      Alias for ~*
#  resetkeys    Flush the list of allowed keys patterns.
#  ><password>  Add this password to the list of valid password for the user.
#               For example >mypass will add "mypass" to the list.
#               This directive clears the "nopass" flag (see later).
#  <<password>  Remove this password from the list of valid passwords.
#  nopass       All the set passwords of the user are removed, and the user
#               is flagged as requiring no password: it means that every
#               password will work against this user. If this directive is
#               used for the default user, every new connection will be
#               immediately authenticated with the default user without
#               any explicit AUTH command required. Note that the "resetpass"
#               directive will clear this condition.
#  resetpass    Flush the list of allowed passwords. Moreover removes the
#               "nopass" status. After "resetpass" the user has no associated
#               passwords and there is no way to authenticate without adding
#               some password (or setting it as "nopass" later).
#  reset        Performs the following actions: resetpass, resetkeys, off,
#               -@all. The user returns to the same state it has immediately
#               after its creation.
#
# ACL rules can be specified in any order: for instance you can start with
# passwords, then flags, or key patterns. However note that the additive
# and subtractive rules will CHANGE MEANING depending on the ordering.
# For instance see the following example:
#
#   user alice on +@all -DEBUG ~* >somepassword
#
# This will allow "alice" to use all the commands with the exception of the
# DEBUG command, since +@all added all the commands to the set of the commands
# alice can use, and later DEBUG was removed. However if we invert the order
# of two ACL rules the result will be different:
#
#   user alice on -DEBUG +@all ~* >somepassword
#
# Now DEBUG was removed when alice had yet no commands in the set of allowed
# commands, later all the commands are added, so the user will be able to
# execute everything.
#
# Basically ACL rules are processed left-to-right.
#
# For more information about ACL configuration please refer to
# the Redis web site at https://redis.io/topics/acl

# ACL LOG
#
# The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated
# with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked 
# by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with 
# ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.
acllog-max-len 128

# Using an external ACL file
#
# Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use
# a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:
# if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external
# ACL file, the server will refuse to start.
#
# The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the
# format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.
#
# aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl

# 重要提示：从redis6开始，“requirepass”只是新ACL系统之上的一个兼容层。选项效果将只是设置默认用户的密码。
# 客户机仍将使用AUTH<password>进行身份验证，如果遵循新协议，则更明确地使用AUTH default<password>进行身份验证：两者都可以。
#
# requirepass foobared

# Command renaming (DEPRECATED).
#
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: avoid using this option if possible. Instead use ACLs to remove
# commands from the default user, and put them only in some admin user you
# create for administrative purposes.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to replicas may cause problems.


################################### CLIENTS ####################################

# 设置同时连接的客户端的最大数量。默认情况下，此限制设置为10000个客户端，
# 但是如果Redis服务器无法配置进程文件限制以允许指定的限制，则允许的最大客户端数将设置为当前文件限制减去32（因为Redis保留了一些文件描述符供内部使用）。
#
# 一旦达到限制，Redis将关闭所有新连接，并发送错误“max number of clients reached”。
#
# 当使用Redis集群时，最大连接数也与集群总线共享：集群中的每个节点将使用两个连接，一个传入，另一个传出。在非常大的簇的情况下，相应地调整限制的大小是很重要的。
#
# maxclients 10000

############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################

# 将内存使用限制设置为指定的字节数。当内存达到最大限制时，将根据策略删除内存(see maxmemory-policy)。
#
# 如果Redis无法根据策略删除密钥，或者如果策略设置为“noeviction”，Redis将开始对使用更多内存的命令（如set、LPUSH等）进行错误应答，并继续回复GET等只读命令。
#
# 当将Redis用作LRU或LFU缓存时，或者设置实例的硬内存限制（使用“noeviction”策略）时，此选项通常很有用。
#
# WARNING: 如果要从内存中删除复制副本，则需要从内存中减去复制副本的内存大小，
# 反过来，副本的输出缓冲区充满了被逐出的密钥的del，从而触发删除更多的密钥，以此类推，直到数据库被完全清空。
#
# 简而言之。。。如果附加了副本，建议您为maxmemory设置一个下限，以便系统上有一些可用的RAM用于副本输出缓冲区（但是，如果策略为“noeviction”，则不需要这样做）。
#
# maxmemory <bytes>

# MAXMEMORY策略：达到MAXMEMORY时Redis将如何选择要删除的内容。可以从以下行为中选择一个：
#
# volatile-lru -> 使用近似的LRU逐出，仅限具有过期集的密钥。
# allkeys-lru -> 使用近似的LRU逐出任何密钥。
# volatile-lfu -> 使用近似的LFU逐出，仅限具有过期集的密钥。
# allkeys-lfu -> 使用近似的LFU逐出任何密钥。
# volatile-random -> 删除具有过期集的随机密钥。
# allkeys-random -> 移除一个随机键，任意键。
# volatile-ttl ->删除最接近过期时间的密钥（次要TTL）
# noeviction -> 不要逐出任何内容，只要在写操作时返回一个错误。
#
# LRU表示最近最少使用
# LFU表示使用频率最低
#
# LRU、LFU和volatile ttl都是用近似随机算法实现的。
#
# 注意：对于以上任何一种策略，当没有合适的密钥进行逐出时，Redis将在写操作时返回错误。
#
#       在编写这些命令时: set setnx setex append
#       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
#       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
#       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
#       getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction

# LRU、LFU和minimal TTL算法不是精确算法，而是近似算法（为了节省内存），因此您可以根据速度或精度对其进行调整。
# 默认情况下，Redis将检查五个键并选择最近使用过的一个，您可以使用以下配置指令更改样本大小。
#
# 默认值为5会产生足够好的结果。10接近真实的LRU，但占用更多的CPU。3更快，但不是很准确。
#
# maxmemory-samples 5

# 逐出处理是为了在默认设置下正常工作而设计的。如果存在异常大的写入流量，则可能需要增加此值。 降低此值可能会降低驱逐处理效率风险的延迟
#   0=最小延迟，10=默认值，100=不考虑延迟的进程
#
# maxmemory-eviction-tenacity 10

# Starting from Redis 5, by default a replica will ignore its maxmemory setting
# (unless it is promoted to master after a failover or manually). It means
# that the eviction of keys will be just handled by the master, sending the
# DEL commands to the replica as keys evict in the master side.
#
# This behavior ensures that masters and replicas stay consistent, and is usually
# what you want, however if your replica is writable, or you want the replica
# to have a different memory setting, and you are sure all the writes performed
# to the replica are idempotent, then you may change this default (but be sure
# to understand what you are doing).
#
# Note that since the replica by default does not evict, it may end using more
# memory than the one set via maxmemory (there are certain buffers that may
# be larger on the replica, or data structures may sometimes take more memory
# and so forth). So make sure you monitor your replicas and make sure they
# have enough memory to never hit a real out-of-memory condition before the
# master hits the configured maxmemory setting.
#
# replica-ignore-maxmemory yes

# Redis reclaims expired keys in two ways: upon access when those keys are
# found to be expired, and also in background, in what is called the
# "active expire key". The key space is slowly and interactively scanned
# looking for expired keys to reclaim, so that it is possible to free memory
# of keys that are expired and will never be accessed again in a short time.
#
# The default effort of the expire cycle will try to avoid having more than
# ten percent of expired keys still in memory, and will try to avoid consuming
# more than 25% of total memory and to add latency to the system. However
# it is possible to increase the expire "effort" that is normally set to
# "1", to a greater value, up to the value "10". At its maximum value the
# system will use more CPU, longer cycles (and technically may introduce
# more latency), and will tolerate less already expired keys still present
# in the system. It's a tradeoff between memory, CPU and latency.
#
# active-expire-effort 1

############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################

# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking
# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands
# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous
# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed
# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other
# O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an
# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for
# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.
#
# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives
# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and
# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands
# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the
# object in the background as fast as possible.
#
# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.
# It's up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good
# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to
# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.
# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the
# following scenarios:
#
# 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,
#    in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified
#    memory limit.
# 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the
#    EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.
# 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may
#    already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key
#    content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE
#    or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command
#    itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace
#    it with the specified string.
# 4) During replication, when a replica performs a full resynchronization with
#    its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to
#    load the RDB file just transferred.
#
# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,
# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically
# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK
# was called, using the following configuration directives.

lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
replica-lazy-flush no

# It is also possible, for the case when to replace the user code DEL calls
# with UNLINK calls is not easy, to modify the default behavior of the DEL
# command to act exactly like UNLINK, using the following configuration
# directive:

lazyfree-lazy-user-del no

################################ THREADED I/O #################################

# Redis is mostly single threaded, however there are certain threaded
# operations such as UNLINK, slow I/O accesses and other things that are
# performed on side threads.
#
# Now it is also possible to handle Redis clients socket reads and writes
# in different I/O threads. Since especially writing is so slow, normally
# Redis users use pipelining in order to speed up the Redis performances per
# core, and spawn multiple instances in order to scale more. Using I/O
# threads it is possible to easily speedup two times Redis without resorting
# to pipelining nor sharding of the instance.
#
# By default threading is disabled, we suggest enabling it only in machines
# that have at least 4 or more cores, leaving at least one spare core.
# Using more than 8 threads is unlikely to help much. We also recommend using
# threaded I/O only if you actually have performance problems, with Redis
# instances being able to use a quite big percentage of CPU time, otherwise
# there is no point in using this feature.
#
# So for instance if you have a four cores boxes, try to use 2 or 3 I/O
# threads, if you have a 8 cores, try to use 6 threads. In order to
# enable I/O threads use the following configuration directive:
#
# io-threads 4
#
# Setting io-threads to 1 will just use the main thread as usual.
# When I/O threads are enabled, we only use threads for writes, that is
# to thread the write(2) syscall and transfer the client buffers to the
# socket. However it is also possible to enable threading of reads and
# protocol parsing using the following configuration directive, by setting
# it to yes:
#
# io-threads-do-reads no
#
# Usually threading reads doesn't help much.
#
# NOTE 1: This configuration directive cannot be changed at runtime via
# CONFIG SET. Aso this feature currently does not work when SSL is
# enabled.
#
# NOTE 2: If you want to test the Redis speedup using redis-benchmark, make
# sure you also run the benchmark itself in threaded mode, using the
# --threads option to match the number of Redis threads, otherwise you'll not
# be able to notice the improvements.

############################ KERNEL OOM CONTROL ##############################

# On Linux, it is possible to hint the kernel OOM killer on what processes
# should be killed first when out of memory.
#
# Enabling this feature makes Redis actively control the oom_score_adj value
# for all its processes, depending on their role. The default scores will
# attempt to have background child processes killed before all others, and
# replicas killed before masters.

oom-score-adj no

# When oom-score-adj is used, this directive controls the specific values used
# for master, replica and background child processes. Values range -1000 to
# 1000 (higher means more likely to be killed).
#
# Unprivileged processes (not root, and without CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capabilities)
# can freely increase their value, but not decrease it below its initial
# settings.
#
# Values are used relative to the initial value of oom_score_adj when the server
# starts. Because typically the initial value is 0, they will often match the
# absolute values.

oom-score-adj-values 0 200 800

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# 默认情况下，Redis异步地将数据集转储到磁盘上。这种模式在许多应用程序中已经足够好了，但是Redis进程的问题或断电可能会导致几分钟的写操作丢失（取决于配置的保存点）。
#
# Append-Only文件是另一种持久性模式，它提供了更好的持久性。
# 例如，如果使用默认的数据fsync策略（请参阅配置文件后面的部分），
# Redis在服务器断电等戏剧性事件中可能只会丢失一秒钟的写入操作，或者如果Redis进程本身发生了问题，但操作系统仍在正常运行，则只会丢失一次写入操作。
#
# AOF和RDB持久性可以同时启用而不会出现问题。如果启动时启用了AOF，Redis将加载AOF，即具有更好的持久性保证的文件。
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# 仅附加文件的名称（默认值：附录Only.aof")

appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# fsync（）调用告诉操作系统在磁盘上实际写入数据 而不是等待输出缓冲区中的更多数据。有些操作系统会在磁盘上刷新数据，而有些操作系统则会尽快刷新。
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: 不要fsync，只要操作系统想刷新数据就行了。更快。
# always: 每次写入仅附加日志后进行fsync。慢点，最安全。
# everysec: 每秒只同步一次。妥协。
#
# 默认值是“everysec”，因为这通常是速度和数据安全之间的正确折衷。这取决于您是否可以将此值放宽到“no”，
# 这样操作系统可以在需要时刷新输出缓冲区，以获得更好的性能（但是如果您能够接受某些数据丢失的想法，请考虑默认的持久性模式，即快照），
# 或者恰恰相反，使用“总是”这个词很慢，但比任何时候都安全。
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# 如果不确定，请使用“everysec”。

# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

# 当AOF fsync策略设置为always或everysec，并且后台保存进程（后台保存或AOF日志后台重写）正在对磁盘执行大量I/O时，
# 在某些Linux配置中，Redis可能会在fsync（）调用上阻塞太长时间。
# 请注意，目前还没有对此进行修复，因为即使在不同的线程中执行fsync也会阻止我们的同步write（2）调用。
#
# 为了缓解这个问题，可以使用以下选项来防止在进行BGSAVE或bwriteAOF时在主进程中调用fsync（）。
#
# 这意味着，当另一个孩子在储蓄时，Redis的耐久性与“appendfsync none”相同。实际上，这意味着在最坏的情况下（使用默认的Linux设置），可能会丢失最多30秒的日志。
#
# 如果您有延迟问题，请将此选项设置为“是”。否则，将其保留为“否”，从耐用性的角度来看，这是最安全的选择。

no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# 自动重写仅附加文件。

# Redis能够自动重写日志文件隐式调用

# 当AOF日志大小以指定的百分比增长时，BGREWRITEAOF。
#
# 它是这样工作的：Redis在最近一次重写之后记住AOF文件的大小（如果重新启动后没有重写，则使用启动时AOF的大小）。
#
# 将此基本大小与当前大小进行比较。如果当前大小大于指定的百分比，则会触发重写。默认当前AOF超过原AOF一倍且大于64mb时触发重写。
# 此外，您还需要为要重写的AOF文件指定最小大小，这对于避免重写AOF文件非常有用，即使达到了百分比增加，但它仍然很小。
#
# 指定零的百分比以禁用自动AOF重写功能。

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

# 在Redis启动过程中，当AOF数据加载回内存时，可能会发现AOF文件在末尾被截断。
# 当运行Redis的系统崩溃时，尤其是在没有data=ordered选项的情况下挂载ext4文件系统时，可能会发生这种情况
#（但是，当Redis本身崩溃或中止，但操作系统仍然正常工作时，这种情况就不会发生）。
#
# Redis可以在出现错误时退出，也可以加载尽可能多的数据（现在是默认值），如果发现AOF文件在结尾处被截断，就启动它。以下选项控制此行为。
# 如果aof load truncated设置为yes，则加载一个截断的aof文件，Redis服务器开始发出一个日志来通知用户事件。
# 否则，如果该选项设置为“否”，则服务器会因错误而中止并拒绝启动。
# 当该选项设置为no时，用户需要在重新启动服务器之前使用“redis check AOF”实用程序修复AOF文件。
#
# 请注意，如果发现AOF文件在中间被损坏，服务器仍将退出并返回一个错误。此选项仅适用于Redis将尝试从AOF文件读取更多数据，但找不到足够字节的情况。
aof-load-truncated yes

# 在重写AOF文件时，Redis能够在AOF文件中使用RDB前导码以加快重写和恢复。启用此选项时，重写的AOF文件由两个不同的节组成：
#
#   [RDB file][AOF tail]
#
# 加载时，Redis识别出AOF文件以“Redis”字符串开头并加载带前缀的RDB文件，然后继续加载AOF尾部。
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes

################################ LUA SCRIPTING  ###############################

# Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
# still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
# reply to queries with an error.
#
# When a long running script exceeds the maximum execution time only the
# SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
# used to stop a script that did not yet call any write commands. The second
# is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write command was
# already issued by the script but the user doesn't want to wait for the natural
# termination of the script.
#
# Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
lua-time-limit 5000

################################ REDIS CLUSTER  ###############################

# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
# cluster-enabled yes

# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf

# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are a multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000

# A replica of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a replica to actually have an exact measure of
# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple replicas able to failover, they exchange messages
#    in order to try to give an advantage to the replica with the best
#    replication offset (more data from the master processed).
#    Replicas will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
#    of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single replica computes the time of the last interaction with
#    its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
#    is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
#    disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
#    If the last interaction is too old, the replica will not try to failover
#    at all.
#
# The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a replica will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
#   (node-timeout * cluster-replica-validity-factor) + repl-ping-replica-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-replica-period of 10 seconds, the
# replica will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large cluster-replica-validity-factor may allow replicas with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a replica at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the cluster-replica-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that replicas will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-replica-validity-factor 10

# Cluster replicas are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working replicas. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working replicas.
#
# Replicas migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working replicas for their old master. This number
# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a replica
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working replica for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of replicas you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (replicas migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one replica). To disable migration just set it to a very large value.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1

# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
# is at least a hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
#
# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
# option to no.
#
# cluster-require-full-coverage yes

# This option, when set to yes, prevents replicas from trying to failover its
# master during master failures. However the replica can still perform a
# manual failover, if forced to do so.
#
# This is useful in different scenarios, especially in the case of multiple
# data center operations, where we want one side to never be promoted if not
# in the case of a total DC failure.
#
# cluster-replica-no-failover no

# This option, when set to yes, allows nodes to serve read traffic while the
# the cluster is in a down state, as long as it believes it owns the slots. 
#
# This is useful for two cases.  The first case is for when an application 
# doesn't require consistency of data during node failures or network partitions.
# One example of this is a cache, where as long as the node has the data it
# should be able to serve it. 
#
# The second use case is for configurations that don't meet the recommended  
# three shards but want to enable cluster mode and scale later. A 
# master outage in a 1 or 2 shard configuration causes a read/write outage to the
# entire cluster without this option set, with it set there is only a write outage.
# Without a quorum of masters, slot ownership will not change automatically. 
#
# cluster-allow-reads-when-down no

# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at http://redis.io web site.

########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support  ########################

# In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because
# addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is
# Docker and other containers).
#
# In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static
# configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The
# following two options are used for this scope, and are:
#
# * cluster-announce-ip
# * cluster-announce-port
# * cluster-announce-bus-port
#
# Each instructs the node about its address, client port, and cluster message
# bus port. The information is then published in the header of the bus packets
# so that other nodes will be able to correctly map the address of the node
# publishing the information.
#
# If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection
# will be used instead.
#
# Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of
# clients port + 10000, so you can specify any port and bus-port depending
# on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of
# 10000 will be used as usual.
#
# Example:
#
# cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5
# cluster-announce-port 6379
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380

################################## SLOW LOG ###################################

# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.

# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000

# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 128

################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################

# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
# latency of a Redis instance.
#
# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
# print graphs and obtain reports.
#
# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
#
# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
# if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
# monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command
# "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>" if needed.
latency-monitor-threshold 0

############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################

# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at http://redis.io/topics/notifications
#
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
#  K     Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
#  E     Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
#  g     Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
#  $     String commands
#  l     List commands
#  s     Set commands
#  h     Hash commands
#  z     Sorted set commands
#  x     Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
#  e     Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
#  t     Stream commands
#  m     Key-miss events (Note: It is not included in the 'A' class)
#  A     Alias for g$lshzxet, so that the "AKE" string means all the events
#        (Except key-miss events which are excluded from 'A' due to their
#         unique nature).
#
#  The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
#  of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
#  are disabled.
#
#  Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
#           event name, use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
#  Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
#             name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
#  By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
#  this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
#  specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events ""

############################### GOPHER SERVER #################################

# Redis contains an implementation of the Gopher protocol, as specified in
# the RFC 1436 (https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1436.txt).
#
# The Gopher protocol was very popular in the late '90s. It is an alternative
# to the web, and the implementation both server and client side is so simple
# that the Redis server has just 100 lines of code in order to implement this
# support.
#
# What do you do with Gopher nowadays? Well Gopher never *really* died, and
# lately there is a movement in order for the Gopher more hierarchical content
# composed of just plain text documents to be resurrected. Some want a simpler
# internet, others believe that the mainstream internet became too much
# controlled, and it's cool to create an alternative space for people that
# want a bit of fresh air.
#
# Anyway for the 10nth birthday of the Redis, we gave it the Gopher protocol
# as a gift.
#
# --- HOW IT WORKS? ---
#
# The Redis Gopher support uses the inline protocol of Redis, and specifically
# two kind of inline requests that were anyway illegal: an empty request
# or any request that starts with "/" (there are no Redis commands starting
# with such a slash). Normal RESP2/RESP3 requests are completely out of the
# path of the Gopher protocol implementation and are served as usual as well.
#
# If you open a connection to Redis when Gopher is enabled and send it
# a string like "/foo", if there is a key named "/foo" it is served via the
# Gopher protocol.
#
# In order to create a real Gopher "hole" (the name of a Gopher site in Gopher
# talking), you likely need a script like the following:
#
#   https://github.com/antirez/gopher2redis
#
# --- SECURITY WARNING ---
#
# If you plan to put Redis on the internet in a publicly accessible address
# to server Gopher pages MAKE SURE TO SET A PASSWORD to the instance.
# Once a password is set:
#
#   1. The Gopher server (when enabled, not by default) will still serve
#      content via Gopher.
#   2. However other commands cannot be called before the client will
#      authenticate.
#
# So use the 'requirepass' option to protect your instance.
#
# To enable Gopher support uncomment the following line and set
# the option from no (the default) to yes.
#
# gopher-enabled no

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64

# Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.
# The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified
# as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.
# For a fixed maximum size, use -5 through -1, meaning:
# -5: max size: 64 Kb  <-- not recommended for normal workloads
# -4: max size: 32 Kb  <-- not recommended
# -3: max size: 16 Kb  <-- probably not recommended
# -2: max size: 8 Kb   <-- good
# -1: max size: 4 Kb   <-- good
# Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements
# per list node.
# The highest performing option is usually -2 (8 Kb size) or -1 (4 Kb size),
# but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.
list-max-ziplist-size -2

# Lists may also be compressed.
# Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of
# the list to *exclude* from compression.  The head and tail of the list
# are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations.  Settings are:
# 0: disable all list compression
# 1: depth 1 means "don't start compressing until after 1 node into the list,
#    going from either the head or tail"
#    So: [head]->node->node->...->node->[tail]
#    [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.
# 2: [head]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[tail]
#    2 here means: don't compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,
#    but compress all nodes between them.
# 3: [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]
# etc.
list-compress-depth 0

# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512

# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64

# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
#
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000

# Streams macro node max size / items. The stream data structure is a radix
# tree of big nodes that encode multiple items inside. Using this configuration
# it is possible to configure how big a single node can be in bytes, and the
# maximum number of items it may contain before switching to a new node when
# appending new stream entries. If any of the following settings are set to
# zero, the limit is ignored, so for instance it is possible to set just a
# max entires limit by setting max-bytes to 0 and max-entries to the desired
# value.
stream-node-max-bytes 4096
stream-node-max-entries 100

# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes

# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
# replica  -> replica clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and replica clients, since
# subscribers and replicas receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60

# Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed
# amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for
# instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in
# the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special
# needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.
#
# client-query-buffer-limit 1gb

# In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single
# strings, are normally limited to 512 mb. However you can change this limit
# here, but must be 1mb or greater
#
# proto-max-bulk-len 512mb

# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value.
#
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10

# Normally it is useful to have an HZ value which is proportional to the
# number of clients connected. This is useful in order, for instance, to
# avoid too many clients are processed for each background task invocation
# in order to avoid latency spikes.
#
# Since the default HZ value by default is conservatively set to 10, Redis
# offers, and enables by default, the ability to use an adaptive HZ value
# which will temporarily raise when there are many connected clients.
#
# When dynamic HZ is enabled, the actual configured HZ will be used
# as a baseline, but multiples of the configured HZ value will be actually
# used as needed once more clients are connected. In this way an idle
# instance will use very little CPU time while a busy instance will be
# more responsive.
dynamic-hz yes

# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

# When redis saves RDB file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes

# Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good
# idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating
# how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which
# is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.
#
# There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the
# counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to
# understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.
#
# The LFU counter is just 8 bits per key, it's maximum value is 255, so Redis
# uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value
# of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in
# this way:
#
# 1. A random number R between 0 and 1 is extracted.
# 2. A probability P is calculated as 1/(old_value*lfu_log_factor+1).
# 3. The counter is incremented only if R < P.
#
# The default lfu-log-factor is 10. This is a table of how the frequency
# counter changes with a different number of accesses with different
# logarithmic factors:
#
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | factor | 100 hits   | 1000 hits  | 100K hits  | 1M hits    | 10M hits   |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 0      | 104        | 255        | 255        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 1      | 18         | 49         | 255        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 10     | 10         | 18         | 142        | 255        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 100    | 8          | 11         | 49         | 143        | 255        |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
#
# NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:
#
#   redis-benchmark -n 1000000 incr foo
#   redis-cli object freq foo
#
# NOTE 2: The counter initial value is 5 in order to give new objects a chance
# to accumulate hits.
#
# The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order
# for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value
# less <= 10).
#
# The default value for the lfu-decay-time is 1. A special value of 0 means to
# decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.
#
# lfu-log-factor 10
# lfu-decay-time 1

########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################
#
# What is active defragmentation?
# -------------------------------
#
# Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the
# spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,
# thus allowing to reclaim back memory.
#
# Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but
# less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server
# restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush
# away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature
# implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime
# in a "hot" way, while the server is running.
#
# Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the
# configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the
# values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc
# features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation
# and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the
# old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys
# will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.
#
# Important things to understand:
#
# 1. This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis
#    to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.
#    This is the default with Linux builds.
#
# 2. You never need to enable this feature if you don't have fragmentation
#    issues.
#
# 3. Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when
#    needed with the command "CONFIG SET activedefrag yes".
#
# The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the
# defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is
# a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.

# Enabled active defragmentation
# activedefrag no

# Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag
# active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb

# Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag
# active-defrag-threshold-lower 10

# Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort
# active-defrag-threshold-upper 100

# Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the lower
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-min 1

# Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage, to be used when the upper
# threshold is reached
# active-defrag-cycle-max 25

# Maximum number of set/hash/zset/list fields that will be processed from
# the main dictionary scan
# active-defrag-max-scan-fields 1000

# Jemalloc background thread for purging will be enabled by default
jemalloc-bg-thread yes

# It is possible to pin different threads and processes of Redis to specific
# CPUs in your system, in order to maximize the performances of the server.
# This is useful both in order to pin different Redis threads in different
# CPUs, but also in order to make sure that multiple Redis instances running
# in the same host will be pinned to different CPUs.
#
# Normally you can do this using the "taskset" command, however it is also
# possible to this via Redis configuration directly, both in Linux and FreeBSD.
#
# You can pin the server/IO threads, bio threads, aof rewrite child process, and
# the bgsave child process. The syntax to specify the cpu list is the same as
# the taskset command:
#
# Set redis server/io threads to cpu affinity 0,2,4,6:
# server_cpulist 0-7:2
#
# Set bio threads to cpu affinity 1,3:
# bio_cpulist 1,3
#
# Set aof rewrite child process to cpu affinity 8,9,10,11:
# aof_rewrite_cpulist 8-11
#
# Set bgsave child process to cpu affinity 1,10,11
# bgsave_cpulist 1,10-11