SpringBoot整合 Kaptcha 验证码
目录
1 Kaptcha 验证码
1.1 引言
为防止验证系统被暴力破解，很多系统都增加了验证码效验，比较常见的就是图片二维码，业内比较安全的是短信验证码，当然还有一些拼图验证码，加入人工智能的二维码等等，这次就是前后端分离的图片二维码登录方案。
基于验证码的轮子还是挺多的，就以 Kaptcha 这个项目为例，通过springboot项目集成Kaptcha来实现验证码生成和登录方案。
1.2 Kaptcha
Kaptcha 是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目
1.2.1 pom.xml
<!--Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId>
<artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 其他依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- redis依赖commons-pool 这个依赖一定要添加 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
</dependency>
1.2.2 配置类
1.2.2.1 Redis配置类RedisConfig
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory){
RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>();
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
return redisTemplate;
}
}
1.2.2.2 验证码配置类KaptchaConfig
@Configuration
public class KaptchaConfig {
@Bean
public DefaultKaptcha producer(){
DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new DefaultKaptcha();
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.border", "no");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.border.color", "105,179,90");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.color", "black");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.image.width", "110");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.image.height", "40");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.string","23456789abcdefghkmnpqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHKMNPRSTUVWXYZ");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.size", "30");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.space","3");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.session.key", "code");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.length", "4");
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.names", "宋体,楷体,微软雅黑");
// properties.setProperty("kaptcha.obscurificator.impl","com.xxx");可以重写实现类
properties.setProperty("kaptcha.noise.impl","com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise");
Config config = new Config(properties);
defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config);
return defaultKaptcha;
}
1.2.3 验证码控制层
import com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha;
import com.lzp.kaptcha.service.CaptchaService;
import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.CaptchaVO;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/captcha")
public class CaptchaController {
@Autowired
private DefaultKaptcha producer;
@Autowired
private CaptchaService captchaService;
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping("/get")
public CaptchaVO getCaptcha() throws IOException {
// 生成文字验证码
String content = producer.createText();
// 生成图片验证码
ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = null;
BufferedImage image = producer.createImage(content);
outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", outputStream);
// 对字节数组Base64编码
BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
String str = "data:image/jpeg;base64,";
String base64Img = str + encoder.encode(outputStream.toByteArray()).replace("\n", "").replace("\r", "");
CaptchaVO captchaVO =captchaService.cacheCaptcha(content);
captchaVO.setBase64Img(base64Img);
return captchaVO;
}
}
验证码返回对象CaptchaVO
@Data
public class CaptchaVO {
/**
* 验证码标识符
*/
private String captchaKey;
/**
* 验证码过期时间
*/
private Long expire;
/**
* base64字符串
*/
private String base64Img;
}
验证码方法层CaptchaService
import com.lzp.kaptcha.utils.RedisUtils;
import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.CaptchaVO;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.UUID;
@Service
public class CaptchaService {
@Value("${server.session.timeout:300}")
private Long timeout;
@Autowired
private RedisUtils redisUtils;
private final String CAPTCHA_KEY = "captcha:verification:";
public CaptchaVO cacheCaptcha(String captcha){
//生成一个随机标识符
String captchaKey = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
//缓存验证码并设置过期时间
redisUtils.set(CAPTCHA_KEY.concat(captchaKey),captcha,timeout);
CaptchaVO captchaVO = new CaptchaVO();
captchaVO.setCaptchaKey(captchaKey);
captchaVO.setExpire(timeout);
return captchaVO;
}
}
1.2.4 登录控制层
用户登录对象封装LoginDTO
@Data
public class LoginDTO {
private String userName;
private String pwd;
private String captchaKey;
private String captcha;
}
import com.lzp.kaptcha.dto.LoginDTO;
import com.lzp.kaptcha.utils.RedisUtils;
import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.UserVO;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private RedisUtils redisUtils;
@PostMapping("/login")
public UserVO login(@RequestBody LoginDTO loginDTO) {
Object captch = redisUtils.get(loginDTO.getCaptchaKey());
if(captch == null){
// throw 验证码已过期
}
if(!loginDTO.getCaptcha().equals(captch)){
// throw 验证码错误
}
// 查询用户信息
//判断用户是否存在 不存在抛出用户名密码错误
//判断密码是否正确，不正确抛出用户名密码错误
//构造返回到前端的用户对象并封装信息和生成token
return new UserVO();
}
}
