Spring测试代码讲解示例

目录

• 1 Spring测试简介
• 2 Spring运行项目测试
  • 2.1 pom.xml
  • 2.2 测试实例bean
  • 2.3 测试配置
  • 2.4 测试运行类
• 3 不运行项目测试
  • 3.1 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
  • 3.2 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

1 Spring测试简介

测试时开发工作中不可缺少的部分，单元测试只针对当前开放的类和方法进行测试，可以简单通过模拟依赖来实现，对运行环境没有依赖，但是仅仅进行单元测试是不够的，它只能验证当前类或方法能否正常工作
Spring通过Spring TestContext Framework对基础测试提供顶级支持，它不依赖于特定的测试框架，可以使用junit，或者TestNG
Spring提供了一个SpringJUnit4ClassRunner类，它提供了Spring TestContext Framework的功能。通过@ContextConfiguration来配置Application Context，通过@ActiveProfiles确定活动的profile

2 Spring运行项目测试

2.1 pom.xml

		<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

2.2 测试实例bean

package cn.jzh.test;

public class TestBean {

    private String msg;

    public TestBean(String msg){
        this.msg= msg;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
}

2.3 测试配置

package cn.jzh.test;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;

@Configuration

public class TestConfig {

    @Bean
    @Profile("dev")
    public TestBean devTestBean(){
        return new TestBean("from dev profile");
    }


    @Bean
    @Profile("prod")
    public TestBean prodTestBean(){
        return new TestBean("from prod profile");
    }
}

2.4 测试运行类

package cn.jzh.test;


import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//SpringJUnit4ClassRunner在junit环境下提供Spring TestContext Framework的功能
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {TestConfig.class})//用来加载配置applicationContext，其中classes属性用来加载配置类
@ActiveProfiles("dev")//用来声明活动的profile
public class TestMain {

    @Autowired
    public TestBean bean;

    @Test
    public void pordBean(){
        String msg = bean.getMsg();
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

3 不运行项目测试

配置文件使用xml的话，就用ClassPathXmlApplicationContext读取配置文件来测试，如果用注解的话，就用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3.1 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext

在src下新建配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="userinfoJdbcDao" class="cn.test.dao.impl.UserinfoJdbcDaoImpl"></bean>    
    <bean id="userinfoHibDao" class="cn.test.dao.impl.UserinfoHibDaoImpl"></bean>    
    <bean id="userinfoService" class="cn.test.service.impl.UserinfoServiceImpl">
    	<property name="userinfoDao" ref="userinfoHibDao"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		UserinfoService userinfoService = applicationContext.getBean(UserinfoService.class,"userinfoService");
		Userinfo user = new Userinfo();
		user.setUserId(1);
		user.setUserName("test");
		user.setUserPass("test");
		userinfoService.save(user);
	}
}

3.2 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("cn.jzh.aop")
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy//开启spring对aspectj代理的支持
public class AopConfig {
}

@Service
public class DemoMethodService {
    public void add(){
        System.out.println("service................");
    }
}

public class AopMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext acac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AopConfig.class);
        DemoMethodService bean = acac.getBean(DemoMethodService.class);
        bean.add();
        acac.close();
    }
}