编译linux riscv64 内核

文档说明：只记录关键地方;
试验环境： linux debian 11
基础软件： qemu 6.2
目标：编译linux riscv64 内核 并用qemu-riscv64启动

环境准备

#!/bin/bash
set -exu
 
__DIR__=$(
  cd "$(dirname "$0")"
  pwd
)
cd ${__DIR__}
 
test ! -f /etc/apt/source.list.save && cp  /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.save
sed -i "s@security.ubuntu.com@mirrors.ustc.edu.cn@g" /etc/apt/sources.list 
sed -i "s@archive.ubuntu.com@mirrors.ustc.edu.cn@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
 
apt update -y && apt install -y git curl python3 python3-pip python3-dev
apt install -y libssl-dev ca-certificates  make cmake gcc g++ zip
 
apt install -y tcpdump nmap traceroute net-tools dnsutils iproute2 procps iputils-ping rsync
 
 
apt install -y qemu qemu-system qemu-system-riscv64
apt install -y gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu binutils-riscv64-linux-gnu
 
apt install -y sudo
apt install -y flex bison bc libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev cpio
 

下载linux

#!/bin/bash
set -exu
 
__DIR__=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")";pwd)
cd ${__DIR__} 
 
test -d linux/.git && git -C linux  pull  --depth=1 --progress  --rebase=true 
test -d linux/.git || git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/linux.git --depth=1 --progress
 
 
if [ ! -d busybox ] ;then
{
    git  clone  -b master https://github.com/mirror/busybox.git  --depth=1  --progress
} else {
    git   -C busybox pull origin master   --progress --depth=1  --rebase=true
}
fi
 

prepare-riscv64-image.sh

 
#!/bin/env bash
 
set -eux
 
__DIR__=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")";pwd)
cd ${__DIR__}
 
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 
 
 
cpu_numbers=`grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l`
build_target_dir=`readlink -f  ${__DIR__}/build/`
 
echo build_target_dir
build_dir=`readlink -f  ${__DIR__}/../`
 
 
qemu-system-riscv64 --version
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc --version
riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -v
 
 
cd ${build_dir}/linux
 
test -f arch/riscv64/boot/Image && rm -rf arch/riscv64/boot/Image
 
make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- defconfig
make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- Image -j $cpu_numbers
 
 
cd ${build_dir}/busybox
test -d _install && rm -rf _install
 
# 参考
# 参考 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/258394849
 
# 打开配置菜单后进入第一行的 "Settings"，
# 在"Build Options"节中，选中 “Build static binary (no shared libs)”，设置好后退出保存配置。
test -f ${build_dir}/busybox/.config && make oldconfig
test -f ${build_dir}/busybox/.config || make menuconfig
make -j $cpu_numbers && make install
 
cd ${build_dir}/busybox/_install
 
mkdir dev etc lib sys proc tmp var home root mnt
mkdir -p /sys/dev
cd dev
sudo mknod console c 5 1
sudo mknod null c 1 3
 
sudo mknod tty1 c 4 1
sudo mknod tty2 c 4 2
sudo mknod tty3 c 4 3
sudo mknod tty4 c 4 4
 
 
cd ${build_dir}/busybox/_install
cd etc
cat <<EOF | tee profile
#!/bin/sh
export HOSTNAME=dev
export USER=root
export HOME=/home
export PS1="[$USER@$HOSTNAME \W]\# "
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
EOF
 
 
cd ${build_dir}/busybox/_install
 
cd etc
cat <<EOF | tee inittab
 
#this is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
 
#/bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
#Start an "askfirst" shell on the console(whatever that may be)
#::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::respawn:-/bin/sh
 
#Stuff to do when restarting the init process
::restart:/sbin/init
 
#Stuff to do before rebooting
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
 
 
EOF
cat <<EOF | tee fstab
#device  mount-point    type     options   dump   fsck order
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs defaults 0 0
 
 
EOF
 
cd ${build_dir}/busybox/_install
cd etc
mkdir -p init.d
cd init.d
touch rcS
cat <<EOF | tee rcS
#!/bin/sh
 
#This is the first script called by init process
/bin/mount -a
mdev -s
ip  addr add 127.0.0.1/8 dev lo
ip  link set lo up
#ip  link set  eth0 down
#ip  link set  eth0 up
busybox --help
#udhcpc eth0
EOF
 
chmod +x rcS
 
cd ${build_dir}/busybox/_install
#cp -p /usr/riscv64-linux-gnu/lib/* ./lib
 
cd ${build_dir}/busybox/_install
mkdir -p usr/share/udhcpc/
cp ../examples/udhcp/simple.script usr/share/udhcpc/default.script
chmod 755 usr/share/udhcpc/default.script
 
 
test -d ${__DIR__}/build || mkdir -p ${__DIR__}/build
test -f ${build_dir}/rootfs.cpio.gz && rm -rf ${build_dir}/rootfs.cpio.gz
find . | cpio -o -H newc |gzip >  ${__DIR__}/build/rootfs.cpio.gz
cp -f  ${build_dir}/linux/arch/riscv/boot/Image ${__DIR__}/build/Image
cd ${__DIR__}
 
 
 

start-qemu-riscv64.sh

#!/bin/env bash
 
set -eux
 
__DIR__=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")";pwd)
cd ${__DIR__}
 
qemu-system-riscv64 -M help
qemu-system-riscv64  -cpu  help
 
qemu-system-riscv64 -device help
qemu-system-riscv64 -netdev help
#qemu-system-riscv64 -nic model=help
#qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt  -nic model=help
pwd
ls -lh  ${__DIR__}/build/
qemu-system-riscv64 \
-machine virt \
-m size=1024M \
-cpu rv64 \
-kernel ${__DIR__}/build/Image \
-initrd ${__DIR__}/build/rootfs.cpio.gz \
-append "console=ttyS0 rdinit=/linuxrc" \
-nographic \
-nic user,model=virtio-net-pci \
-device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0 \
-netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::10000-:22

关闭qemu

#!/bin/env bash
 
set -eux
 
__DIR__=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")";pwd)
cd ${__DIR__}
 
pid=$(ps -ef | grep  'qemu/qemu-riscv64/' | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{print $2}')
kill -15 $pid
 

linux kernel 内核源

 
git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/linux.git  --depth=1 --progress 
 
# 或者
 
git clone git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/linux.git  --depth=1 --progress
 
 
## 更新源代码
 
 
git -C linux pull  --depth=1 --progress  --rebase=true
 

参考文档

1. linux kernel
2. linux 内核源码查看
3. qemu
4. 在 QEMU 上运行 RISC-V 64 位版本的 Linux
5. linux 镜像
6. 使用最新版 gcc cmake msys2 Cygwin
7. alpine、debian、ubuntu 常用的换源命令
8. 校园网联合镜像站
9. mirrorz
10. github mirrorz
11. 清华大学开源软件镜像站
12. 中国科学技术大学开源软件镜像
13. 中国高校教育网及科技网开源镜像列表
14. debian packages
15. alpine packages
16. debian version
17. web搜索包或者应用程序入口
18. Ventoy：一个新的u盘启动方案，解决了u盘内多镜像启动时需要反复格式化的问题
19. MifareClassicTool：经典的安卓 NFC 读写工具