[Oracle]高效的SQL语句之分析函数(三)--row_number() /rank()/dense_rank()
有些时候我们希望得到指定数据中的前n列,示例如下:
得到每个部门薪水最高的三个雇员:
先创建示例表
create table emp
as
select * from scott.emp;
alter table emp
add constraint emp_pk
primary key(empno);
create table dept
as
select * from scott.dept;
alter table dept
add constraint dept_pk
primary key(deptno);
as
select * from scott.emp;
alter table emp
add constraint emp_pk
primary key(empno);
create table dept
as
select * from scott.dept;
alter table dept
add constraint dept_pk
primary key(deptno);
先看一下row_number() /rank()/dense_rank()三个函数之间的区别
select emp.deptno,emp.sal,emp.empno,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) row_number, --1,2,3
rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rank, --1,1,3
dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) dense_rank from emp --1,1,2
rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rank, --1,1,3
dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) dense_rank from emp --1,1,2
结果如下:
10 5000.00 7839 1 1 1
10 2450.00 7782 2 2 2
10 1300.00 7934 3 3 3
20 3000.00 7788 1 1 1
20 3000.00 7902 2 1 1
20 2975.00 7566 3 3 2
20 1100.00 7876 4 4 3
20 800.00 7369 5 5 4
30 2850.00 7698 1 1 1
30 1600.00 7499 2 2 2
10 2450.00 7782 2 2 2
10 1300.00 7934 3 3 3
20 3000.00 7788 1 1 1
20 3000.00 7902 2 1 1
20 2975.00 7566 3 3 2
20 1100.00 7876 4 4 3
20 800.00 7369 5 5 4
30 2850.00 7698 1 1 1
30 1600.00 7499 2 2 2
取每个部门的薪水前三位雇员:
select t.deptno,t.rank,t.sal from
(
select emp.*,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) row_number, --1,2,3
rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rank, --1,1,3
dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) dense_rank from emp --1,1,2
) t
where t.rank<=3
(
select emp.*,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) row_number, --1,2,3
rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rank, --1,1,3
dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) dense_rank from emp --1,1,2
) t
where t.rank<=3
结果如下:
10 1 5000.00
10 2 2450.00
10 3 1300.00
20 1 3000.00
20 1 3000.00
20 3 2975.00
30 1 2850.00
30 2 1600.00
30 3 1500.00
10 2 2450.00
10 3 1300.00
20 1 3000.00
20 1 3000.00
20 3 2975.00
30 1 2850.00
30 2 1600.00
30 3 1500.00
如果想输出成deptno sal1 sal2 sal3这种类型的格式
步骤一(decode):
select t.deptno,decode(row_number,1,sal) sal1,decode(row_number,2,sal) sal2,decode(row_number,3,sal) sal3 from
(
select emp.*,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) row_number, --1,2,3
rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rank, --1,1,3
dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) dense_rank from emp --1,1,2
) t
where t.rank<=3
(
select emp.*,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) row_number, --1,2,3
rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rank, --1,1,3
dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) dense_rank from emp --1,1,2
) t
where t.rank<=3
结果如下:
10 5000
10 2450
10 1300
20 3000
20 3000
20 2975
30 2850
30 1600
30 1500
10 2450
10 1300
20 3000
20 3000
20 2975
30 2850
30 1600
30 1500
步骤二(使用聚合函数去除null,得到最终结果):
select t.deptno,max(decode(row_number,1,sal)) sal1,max(decode(row_number,2,sal)) sal2,max(decode(row_number,3,sal)) sal3 from
(
select emp.*,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) row_number, --1,2,3
rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rank, --1,1,3
dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) dense_rank from emp --1,1,2
) t
where t.rank<=3
group by t.deptno
(
select emp.*,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) row_number, --1,2,3
rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rank, --1,1,3
dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) dense_rank from emp --1,1,2
) t
where t.rank<=3
group by t.deptno
结果如下:
10 5000 2450 1300
20 3000 3000 2975
30 2850 1600 1500
20 3000 3000 2975
30 2850 1600 1500