springboot2.1.3+Junit4 单元测试
引入依赖的包：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>2.23.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-core</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
MockMvc + PowerMock + Mockito 来模拟post get请求，并mock掉service中存在doGet doPost外部系统的restful请求
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) @PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringRunner.class) @prepareForTest({ HttpUtil.class // doGet doPost 使用util类，这里需要告诉UT }) @PowerMockIgnore("javax.crypto.*") @AutoConfigureMockMvc @SpringBootTest public class DemoSzlTest { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext; private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void setUp() throws Exceptioin { MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); // 初始化装载powerMockito mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build(); } @Test @DirtiesContext public void testPostDemo() throws Exception { // mock HttpResponse 对象返回 StringEntity se = new StringEntity("xxxxxx", "utf-8"); HttpResponse resp = new BasicHttpResponse(new BasicStatusLine(HttpVersion.Http_1_1, HttpServletResponse.SC_OK, "")); resp.setEntity(se); PowerMockito.mockStatic(HttpUtil.class);
// 这里的 Mockito.anyString() 要和 实际方法参数保持一致
PowerMockite.when(HttpUtil.doGet(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.anyMap(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(resp); // 这里不 mock方法，直接走真实场景方法
PowerMockito.when(HttpUtil.toJson(Mockito.anyObject())).thenCallRealMethod();
// body contents String jsonBody = "{\"aaaa\":\"1111\"}"; String token = "xxxxx"; MvcResult resultMsg = mockMvc.perform( post("/xxx") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE) .header("xxxxx", token) .content(jsonBody) // request body ).andExpect(status().isCeated()) .andReturn(); }
@Test
@DirtiesContext
public void contextLoads() throws Exception {
// 这里定义的 header 值 必须要和service层使用的值保持一致，否则powerMock mock时会有问题
// 其实也很好理解，既然要mock，那就做到真实一点，一切都保持一模一样即可。
Header[] header = {
new BasicHeader("Authorization", "aaabbbccc"),
new BasicHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
};
// 手动创建HttpResponse，来模式http请求的返回值
StringEntity se = new StringEntity("{"
+ "\"memo\":\"这个只是demo式样\"}", "utf-8");
HttpResponse resp = new BasicHttpResponse(new BasicStatusLine(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
HttpServletResponse.SC_OK, ""));
resp.setEntity(se);
// 和上面说明一致
StringEntity se2 = new StringEntity("{"
+ "\"memo\":\"这个只是demo2式样\"}", "utf-8");
HttpResponse resp2 = new BasicHttpResponse(new BasicStatusLine(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
HttpServletResponse.SC_OK, ""));
resp2.setEntity(se2);
// 开始mock我们想要的静态方法，此处是mock post请求并返回上面我们mock的值
PowerMockito.mockStatic(HttpUtil.class);
/**
* 本人是为了达到一个service里连续调用2次post请求，但2次请求内容不同，返回结果也不同，进行mock
* Mockito.eq("/aaa") 是mock值
* Mockito.eq("aaabbb") 是mock值
* Mockito.any(header.getClass()) 是mock Header[]值
*/
PowerMockito.when(HttpUtil.doPost(Mockito.eq("/aaa"), Mockito.eq("aaabbb"), Mockito.any(header.getClass()))).thenReturn(resp);
PowerMockito.when(HttpUtil.doPost(Mockito.eq("/bbb"), Mockito.eq("cccddd"), Mockito.any(header.getClass()))).thenReturn(resp2);
String jsonBody = "{\"aaaa\":\"1111\"}";
String token = "xxxxx";
MvcResult resultMsg = mockMvc.perform(
post("/testUTDemo")
.header("Authorization", token)
.content(jsonBody) // request body
).andExpect(status().isCreated()).andReturn();
} }
Controller类:
package com.szl.demo.szldemo.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.szl.demo.szldemo.common.dto.UserDto; import com.szl.demo.szldemo.service.UserService; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; @Slf4j @Controller public class DemoController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "/testUTDemo", method = RequestMethod.POST) public UserDto testUTDemo(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { return userService.testDemoUnitTest(); } }
Service接口：
package com.szl.demo.szldemo.service; import com.szl.demo.szldemo.common.dto.UserDto; public interface UserService { UserDto testDemoUnitTest(); }
Service实现类：
package com.szl.demo.szldemo.service.impl; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import org.apache.http.Header; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.szl.demo.szldemo.common.dto.UserDto; import com.szl.demo.szldemo.common.util.HttpUtil; import com.szl.demo.szldemo.service.UserService; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; @Slf4j @Service("userService") public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { public UserDto testDemoUnitTest() { try { Header[] header = { new BasicHeader("Authorization", "aaabbbccc"), new BasicHeader("Content-Type", "application/json") };
// 此处的代码块也是mock的重点 HttpResponse resp = HttpUtil.doPost("/aaa", "aaabbb", header); HttpEntity entity = resp.getEntity(); String msg = IOUtils.toString(entity.getContent(), "UTF-8"); log.info("msg: " + msg);
// 同上 HttpResponse resp2 = HttpUtil.doPost("/bbb", "cccddd", header); HttpEntity entity2 = resp2.getEntity(); String msg2 = IOUtils.toString(entity2.getContent(), "UTF-8"); log.info("msg2: " + msg2); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
// 这里随便赋值并返回，主要不是看这里的功能 UserDto dto = new UserDto(); dto.setId(1001L); dto.setNickName("test"); dto.setUserId(10000001L); return dto; } }
HttpUtil.java类：
public class HttpUtil { public static HttpResponse doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params, Header[] headers) { ..... 这里省略 }
public static JsonObject toJson(HttpResponse httpResponse) {
.....
这里省略
}
public static HttpResponse doPost(String url, String params, Header[] header) {
// 这里只是为了演示，手动创建StringEntity并赋值，手动创建HttpResponse并返回
HttpResponse resp = new BasicHttpResponse(new BasicStatusLine(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpStatus.SC_OK, null));
StringEntity se1 = new StringEntity("{"
+ "\"alg\":\"aqas\","
+ "\"id\":\"122011\"}", "utf-8");
resp.setEntity(se1);
return resp;
} }
UserDto类:
package com.szl.demo.szldemo.common.dto; import java.io.Serializable; import lombok.Data; @Data public class UserDto implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -8858511759866491158L; private Long id; private Long userId; private String nickName; }
好了，让咋们来试试上面的UT跑出什么结果，如下图：
OK， 大功告成，如有博友需要，供参考，需转发，请注明引自链接，谢谢。
另附上额外功能，如果有朋友需要在UT里按顺序执行，需要加注解：
@FixMethodOrder(xxx)
这里的xxx有三种模式：
- 默认（MethodSorters.DEFAULT）
- 按方法名（MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING）
- JVM（MethodSorters.JVM）
一开始本人使用JVM模式，虽然能达到预期，但运行不太稳定，本人还是推荐大家使用NAME_ASCENDING模式
如有朋友参考本人的笔记，有问题可以留言，转载请注明原著，谢谢。
