CentOS6安装后的常见基础优化
1.SSH优化
编辑/etc/ssh/sshd_config配置文件 //全部都应该设置为no /etc/ssh/sshd_config //服务端配置文件 /etc/ssh/ssh_config //客户端配置文件 Port 52113 //修改端口52113 UseDNS no //修改为No会反向查询客户端主机名,进行验证,防止客户端欺骗 PermitRootlogin no //禁止root登录 PermitEmpasswords no //禁止使用空密码(默认为空) ListenAddress 192.168.1.x //只运行服务器上的内网地址来进行远程连接,外网地址直接拒绝,可以用Vpn做跳,可以不做设置 GSSAPIAuthentication no //解决Linux之间使用ssh连接慢的问题 板进入局域网,通过这样来访问,更加的安全
sed进行修改
[root@7mini ~]# sed -ir '12 iPort 52113\nUseDNS no\nPermitRootlogin no\nGSSAPIAuthentication no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config [root@7mini ~]# /etc/init.d/sshd restart //重启生效 Stopping sshd: [ OK ] Starting sshd: [ OK ]
2.调整中文中文乱码
中文字符集调整,调整服务器端字符集, Xshell客户端连接工具也需要调整为UTF-8 [root@ student ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n //调整为zh注意大小写 LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8" SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16" [root@oldboy ~]# source /etc/sysconfig/i18n //source配置文件生效 [root@oldboy ~]# echo $LANG zh_CN.UTF-8 英文字符集调整 export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 //临时生效 sed或者 vim修改配置文件 “/etc/sysconfig/i18n” 更改 LANG="en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/sysconfig/i18n && echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8"> /etc/sysconfig/i18n && source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
3.时间同步
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com cp /etc/chrony.conf{,.bak} vim /etc/chrony.conf server ntp6.aliyun.com iburst systemctl start chronyd systemctl enable chronyd #开机启动 systemctl restart chronyd chronyc sources #查看同步源 [root@7mini-node2 ~]# chronyc sources 210 Number of sources = 1 MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^* 203.107.6.88 2 6 17 31 +653us[+1965us] +/- 32ms<br><br>2)或者通过计划任务进行同步
[root@linux-node1 ~]# crontab -e no crontab for root - using an empty one crontab: installing new crontab [root@linux-node1 ~]# crontab -l */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com > /dev/null
4优化历史记录
history 查看历史记录 默认100条,防止黑客进入服务器,查看到机密信息 参数: -c:清空历史记录 -d:指定删除一行 export HISTSIZE=5 [root@student ~]# export HISTSIZE=5 命令行只看见5条信息(控制终端) [root@student ~]# history 查看是否只存留5条 730 history 731 ls 732 history 733 export HISTSIZE=5 734 history [root@student ~]# echo 'export HISTSIZE=5' >>/etc/profile 写入全局配置文件,永久生效控制终端只有5条信息 [root@student ~]#source /etc/profile 立即生效 [root@student ~]# export HISTFILESIZE=5 ~/.bash_historty(控制用户家目录下的记录) [root@student ~]# cat ~/.bash_history Test Welcome to xuliangwei Linux EOF Exit [root@student ~]# echo 'export HISTFILESIZE=5' >>/etc/profile 写入全局配置文件,永久生效。当前用户家目录下~/.bash_history [root@student ~]#source /etc/profile 立即生效 [root@student ~]# history -c 清空历史记录终端 [root@student ~]# history 734 history export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami`" 记录历史命令执行时间以及是谁执行(生产必加)
5 加大文件描述符
启动进程使用它来表示打开的文件。每个进程启动都会占用文件描述符,如果过文件描述符不够,会导致进程失败 ulinit -n 查看默认文件描述符 参数: -S:软 -H:硬 [root@student ~]# ulimit -SHn 65535 //临时生效调整文件描述符 [root@student ~]# echo "* - nofile 65535" >>/etc/security/limits.conf //永久生效调整文件描述符(退出终端可生效)
6.调整yum源
[root@student ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup //备份yum源 [root@student ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo //CentOS 6源
7. 下载必要的软件包
yum install -y vim wget openssl openssl-devel openssl pcre pcre-devel telnet setuptool ntsysv git python-urllib3 sqlite sqlite-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel gcc gcc-c++ cmake lsof sysstat bind-utils ntp iftop iotop tree screen iftop ntpdate
8 关闭SElinux防火墙
修改/etc/selinux/config--> SELINUX=enforcing修改为SELINUX=disabled sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 使用sed替换关闭selinux getenforce 查看selinux当前环境 setenforce 临时关闭 1.开启 0.关闭 permissive [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop iptables:将链设置为政策 ACCEPT:filter [确定] iptables:清除防火墙规则: [确定] iptables:正在卸载模块: [确定] [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig iptables off
9 修改系统的主机名称
vi /etc/sysconfig/network HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain #修改localhost.localdomain为6mini vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain #修改localhost.localdomain为6mini
9.内核优化参数
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15 net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8192 131072 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 32768 131072 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 1048576 1572864 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536 net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max=65536 net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established=180 net.core.somaxconn = 16384 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384 如下内容,如果不开启iptables防火墙,会报错 #net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 #net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 #net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 #net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536 #net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max=65536 #net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established=180
10.锁定系统关键文件
[root@student ~]# chattr +i /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /etc/inittab 锁定文件系统 [root@student ~]# lsattr /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /etc/inittab 查看锁定文件 ----i--------e- /etc/passwd ----i--------e- /etc/shadow ----i--------e- /etc/group ----i--------e- /etc/gshadow ----i--------e- /etc/inittab [root@student ~]# chattr -i /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /etc/inittab 解除锁定 [root@student ~]# lsattr /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /etc/inittab 再次查看 -------------e- /etc/passwd -------------e- /etc/shadow -------------e- /etc/group -------------e- /etc/gshadow -------------e- /etc/inittab
11.隐藏版本号
[root@student ~]# >/etc/issue 清空版本信息 [root@student ~]# >/etc/issue = cat > /dev/null /etc/issue [root@student ~]# cat >> /etc/motd << EOF 编辑/etc/motd (设置登录提示信息) > Welcome to xuliangwei Linux > EOF