Linux实例新增磁盘->格式化->分区->挂载->卸载案例参考

title: Linux实例新增磁盘->格式化->分区->挂载->卸载案例参考
date: 2016-03-17 08:40:14
tags: [Linux,磁盘,挂载,DTCenter,部署]

Linux实例新增磁盘->格式化->分区->挂载->卸载案例参考

1、查看新磁盘

[root@desktop61 Desktop]# fdisk -cul /dev/sdc


Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

2、添加逻辑分区

[root@desktop61 Desktop]# fdisk -cu /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x740491c5.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.


Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)


Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)


Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e---------------〉选择扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 2
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): 10G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G


Command (m for help): N
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
L-----------------〉选择逻辑分区
First sector (4096-20973567, default 4096): 
Using default value 4096
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4096-20973567, default 20973567): +5G


Command (m for help): N
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
L-------------------〉选择逻辑分区
First sector (10491904-20973567, default 10491904): 
Using default value 10491904
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10491904-20973567, default 20973567): +5G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10491904-20973567, default 20973567): 
Using default value 20973567


Command (m for help): P--------------->打印分区列表


Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x740491c5


Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc2 2048 20973567 10485760 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 4096 10489855 5242880 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 10491904 20973566 5240831+ 83 Linux

自动命名逻辑分区为：sdc5 sdc6

Command (m for help): w------------------>保存退出
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@desktop61 Desktop]# part
parted partprobe partx 
[root@desktop61 Desktop]# partx -a /dev/sdc
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 6

3、查看新分区

[root@desktop61 Desktop]# fdisk -cu /dev/sdc


Command (m for help): p


Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
139 heads, 49 sectors/track, 6158 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x740491c5


Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc2 2048 20973567 10485760 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 4096 10489855 5242880 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 10491904 20973566 5240831+ 83 Linux


Command (m for help): q

4、格式化分区

1sdc5
[root@desktop61 Desktop]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736


Writing inode tables: done 
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done


This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
2sdc6
[root@desktop61 Desktop]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc6
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310207 blocks
65510 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736


Writing inode tables: done 
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done


This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5、新建挂载目录

[root@desktop61 Desktop]# cd /mnt/
[root@desktop61 mnt]# ls
hgfs
[root@desktop61 mnt]# mkdir sdc{5,6}
[root@desktop61 mnt]# ls
hgfs sdc5 sdc6
[root@desktop61 mnt]# pwd
/mnt

6、分别自动挂载sdc5、sdc6到/mnt/sdc5 、 /mnt/sdc6

[root@desktop61 mnt]# mount /dev/sdc5 /mnt/sdc5
[root@desktop61 mnt]# mount /dev/sdc6 /mnt/sdc6

7、查可挂载是否成功

[root@desktop61 mnt]# mount
/dev/mapper/vol0-root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/mapper/vol0-home on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb5 on /tmp/sdb5 type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb6 on /tmp/sdb6 type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sdc5 on /mnt/sdc5 type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdc6 on /mnt/sdc6 type ext4 (rw)

9、卸载sdc5 sdc6

[root@desktop61 mnt]# umount /dev/sdc5
[root@desktop61 mnt]# umount /dev/sdc6
[root@desktop61 mnt]# mount
/dev/mapper/vol0-root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/mapper/vol0-home on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb5 on /tmp/sdb5 type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb6 on /tmp/sdb6 type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)

10、手工挂载

1）查看sdb5的UUID

[root@desktop61 mnt]#blkid /dev/sdb5

2）手工挂载sdb5、sdb6

[root@desktop61 mnt]# cd /etc
[root@desktop61 etc]# vi fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Apr 11 00:49:26 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vol0-root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=9353a628-e49f-4675-abf4-b0fe76b38fbc /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vol0-home /home ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=f3d4a81c-f2d6-48d8-be1a-35647cd74615 swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
UUID=dfa6e086-e5be-4856-9e8d-9565d52b82e6 /mnt/sdc5 ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc6 /mnt/sdc6 ext4 defaults 0 0

方式有通过分区名和UUID

11、查看挂载结果

[root@desktop61 etc]# mount -a------------------〉刷新mount 
[root@desktop61 etc]# mount
/dev/mapper/vol0-root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/mapper/vol0-home on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb5 on /tmp/sdb5 type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb6 on /tmp/sdb6 type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sdc5 on /mnt/sdc5 type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdc6 on /mnt/sdc6 type ext4 (rw)
[root@desktop61 etc]#

12、配置开机启动项

vi /etc/fstab 
LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

加入如下

/dev/sdb1               /test                    ext3    defaults        1 1

第5列为dump选项，设置是否让备份程序dump备份文件系统，0为忽略，1为备份。

第6列为fsck选项，告诉fsck程序以什么顺序检查文件系统，0为忽略。