Oracle9i数据库DataGuard实施及维护手册2

六．实施步骤

Physical Standby配置

修改控制文件，修改最大日志组为10

alter database backup controlfile to trace;

ORACLE_HOME为/export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/9.2.0

190作为primary，185作为Standby

创建Standby的Oracle软件

打包Primary上的oracle软件

cd /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product

tar cvf db.tar 9.2.0

ftp到Standby服务器相应目录

创建Standby上的Oracle软件目录结构

mkdir -p /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product

cd /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product

tar xvf db.tar

cd /export/home/oracle/app/oracle

mkdir -p admin/ctsdb/bdump

mkdir -p admin/ctsdb/cdump

mkdir -p admin/ctsdb/udump

创建Standby上的dba组，oracle用户，修改oracle用户的环境变量，修改/etc/system文件

1。设置Primary强制Logging

ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;

2。设置Primary为归档模式，启动自动归档

3。检查Primary中所有数据文件

4。关闭Primary，关闭应用服务器，停止监听

5。cp所有数据文件到本地备份路径

6。启动Primary，保持监听和应用服务器处于停止状态

7。生成Standby控制文件

ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS '/tmp/control01.ctl';

8。生成初始化参数文件

CREATE PFILE='/tmp/initctsdb.ora' FROM SPFILE;

9。将5,7,8中生成的所有文件以及密码文件cp到Standby服务器

10。修改Standby的初始化参数文件

添加下面行：

*.standby_archive_dest='/export/spare/oradata/ctsdb/archive'

*.fal_server='ctsdb.primary'

*.fal_client='ctsdb.standby'

*.standby_file_management=auto

*.remote_archive_enable=TRUE

11。修改Primary和Standby的lisener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件

# LISTENER.ORA Network Configuration File: /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/

network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER_DG =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ctsdb)

(ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/9.2.0)

(SID_NAME = ctsdb)

)

)

LISTENER_DG =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.5.210)(PORT = 1522))

)

# TNSNAMES.ORA Network Configuration File: /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/

network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

CTSDB.STANDBY =

 (DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.5.211)(PORT = 1522))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SID = ctsdb)

)

)

CTSDB.PRIMARY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.5.210)(PORT = 1522))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SID = ctsdb)

)

)

12。设置Standby的SQLNET.ORA文件

添加SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME=2，该配置表示在Standby由于故障不可用时，Primary将持续检测2分钟，如果仍然不可用，则返回网络连接错误。

13。创建Standby的spfile

CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE='/tmp/initctsdb.ora';

14。启动Standby

STARTUP NOMOUNT;

ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE;

如果要使用LGWR进程传递redo数据，那么需要添加standby redolog，如果使用ARCH进程传递redo数据，那么这步可以省略

alter database add standby logfile group 4

('/global/oradata/ctsdb/stdby_redo04.log') size 1024K;

alter database add standby logfile group 5

('/global/oradata/ctsdb/stdby_redo05.log') size 1024K;

alter database add standby logfile group 6

('/global/oradata/ctsdb/stdby_redo06.log') size 1024K;

alter database add standby logfile group 7

('/global/oradata/ctsdb/stdby_redo07.log') size 1024K;

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE PARALLEL

<CPU*2> DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

为了防止以后primary和standby切换，可以在primary上也建立相应的standby redolog

15。设置Primary的归档地址

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=CTSDB.STANDBY LGWR' SCOPE=BOTH;

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE SCOPE=BOTH;

16。测试Primary的归档能否应用到Standby

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;

17。停止Standby

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

shutdown immediate;

18。切换到只读模式

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;

19。切换回管理恢复模式

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE PARALLEL 8 DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

以上为MAX PERFORMANCE模式的DataGuard

如果要改为MAX AVAILABILITY，进行如下操作：

检查当前Primary库的保护模式

select protection_mode from v$database;

转换数据库模式为MAX AVAILABILITY：

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

alter database open;

如果要强制Primary一分种归档一次，那么设置Primary的初始化参数ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET：

alter system set ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET=60 scope=both;

如果想要自动在Standby上应用Primary中创建数据文件等操作，需要在Standby上设置：

alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO scope=both;

使用RMAN进行DataGuard环境的快速配置总结：

              1． 预先设置好Standby上所需的参数文件和路径, 修改standby的fal_server和fal_client参数

              2． 作Primay的联机RMAN备份

              3． 启动Primay，随时都可以生成standby control file

              4． 在Standby端，用生成的standby control file， mount database

              5． 在Standby端，RMAN中作restore databse

              6． 设置standby到RECOVER MANAGED状态

 

Pirmay和Standby之间作switchover，此时Primary和Standby均为正常状态，并且网络正常。

Primary：

SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

STARTUP NOMOUNT;

ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE;

Standby：

SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;

SHUTDOWN;

STARTUP;

Primay：

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

Standby Failover到Primary，此时由于故障Primary宕机或者网络不通