C# web api返回类型设置为json的两种方法
web api写api接口时默认返回的是把你的对象序列化后以XML形式返回,那么怎样才能让其返回为json呢,下面就介绍两种方法:
方法一:(改配置法)
找到Global.asax文件,在Application_Start()方法中添加一句:
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Clear();
修改后:
protected void Application_Start()
{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
// 使api返回为json
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Clear();
}
这样返回的结果就都是json类型了,但有个不好的地方,如果返回的结果是String类型,如123,返回的json就会变成"123";
解决的方法是自定义返回类型(返回类型为HttpResponseMessage)
public HttpResponseMessage PostUserName(User user)
{
String userName = user.userName;
HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(userName,Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") };
return result;
}
方法二:(万金油法)
方法一中又要改配置,又要处理返回值为String类型的json,甚是麻烦,不如就不用web api中的的自动序列化对象,自己序列化后再返回
public HttpResponseMessage PostUser(User user)
{
JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
string str = serializer.Serialize(user);
HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(str, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") };
return result;
}
方法二是我比较推荐的方法,为了不在每个接口中都反复写那几句代码,所以就封装为一个方法这样使用就方便多了。
public static HttpResponseMessage toJson(Object obj)
{
String str;
if (obj is String ||obj is Char)
{
str = obj.ToString();
}
else
{
JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
str = serializer.Serialize(obj);
}
HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(str, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") };
return result;
}
方法三:(最麻烦的方法)
方法一最简单,但杀伤力太大,所有的返回的xml格式都会被毙掉,那么方法三就可以只让api接口中毙掉xml,返回json
先写一个处理返回的类:
public class JsonContentNegotiator : IContentNegotiator
{
private readonly JsonMediaTypeFormatter _jsonFormatter;
public JsonContentNegotiator(JsonMediaTypeFormatter formatter)
{
_jsonFormatter = formatter;
}
public ContentNegotiationResult Negotiate(Type type, HttpRequestMessage request, IEnumerable<MediaTypeFormatter> formatters)
{
var result = new ContentNegotiationResult(_jsonFormatter, new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json"));
return result;
}
}
找到App_Start中的WebApiConfig.cs文件,打开找到Register(HttpConfiguration config)方法
添加以下代码:
var jsonFormatter = new JsonMediaTypeFormatter();
config.Services.Replace(typeof(IContentNegotiator), new JsonContentNegotiator(jsonFormatter));
添加后代码如下:
public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
var jsonFormatter = new JsonMediaTypeFormatter();
config.Services.Replace(typeof(IContentNegotiator), new JsonContentNegotiator(jsonFormatter));
}
方法三如果返回的结果是String类型,如123,返回的json就会变成"123",解决方法同方法一。
其实web api会自动把返回的对象转为xml和json两种格式并存的形式,方法一与方法三是毙掉了xml的返回,而方法二是自定义返回。