C#中使用SHFileOperation调用Windows的复制文件对话框
C#中，复制文件的操作十分简单，System.IO.File.Copy()。但是用过的同学都知道，这个方法在复制大文件的时候非常不好用，因为它会阻塞当期线程直到文件复制完毕，要终止也麻烦（把复制操作放到线程中，通过终止线程来终止操作）。如果能使用Explorer中复制文件时的对话框，就能直观的显示复制进度，并且能随时取消复制操作。
要实现Explorer中复制粘贴时的对话框，可以自己编写相关代码，使用异步读写文件字节流的方式来复制文件，这种方式我们今天就不讨论了；
另外一种方法，是使用Windows API SHFileOperation来达到目的；
定义API：
/// <summary> /// 映射API方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="lpFileOp"></param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("shell32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] private static extern int SHFileOperation(SHFILEOPSTRUCT lpFileOp); /// <summary> /// 多个文件路径的分隔符 /// </summary> private const string FILE_SPLITER = "\0"; /// <summary> /// Shell文件操作数据类型 /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] private class SHFILEOPSTRUCT { public IntPtr hwnd; /// <summary> /// 设置操作方式 /// </summary> public wFunc wFunc; /// <summary> /// 源文件路径 /// </summary> public string pFrom; /// <summary> /// 目标文件路径 /// </summary> public string pTo; /// <summary> /// 允许恢复 /// </summary> public FILEOP_FLAGS fFlags; /// <summary> /// 监测有无中止 /// </summary> public bool fAnyOperationsAborted; public IntPtr hNameMappings; /// <summary> /// 设置标题 /// </summary> public string lpszProgressTitle; } /// <summary> /// 文件操作方式 /// </summary> private enum wFunc { /// <summary> /// 移动 /// </summary> FO_MOVE = 0x0001, /// <summary> /// 复制 /// </summary> FO_COPY = 0x0002, /// <summary> /// 删除 /// </summary> FO_DELETE = 0x0003, /// <summary> /// 重命名 /// </summary> FO_RENAME = 0x0004 } /// <summary> /// fFlags枚举值， /// 参见：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/bb759795(v=vs.85).aspx /// </summary> private enum FILEOP_FLAGS { ///<summary> ///pTo 指定了多个目标文件，而不是单个目录 ///The pTo member specifies multiple destination files (one for each source file) rather than one directory where all source files are to be deposited. ///</summary> FOF_MULTIDESTFILES = 0x1, ///<summary> ///不再使用 ///Not currently used. ///</summary> FOF_CONFIRMMOUSE = 0x2, ///<summary> ///不显示一个进度对话框 ///Do not display a progress dialog box. ///</summary> FOF_SILENT = 0x4, ///<summary> ///碰到有抵触的名字时，自动分配前缀 ///Give the file being operated on a new name in a move, copy, or rename operation if a file with the target name already exists. ///</summary> FOF_RENAMEONCOLLISION = 0x8, ///<summary> ///不对用户显示提示 ///Respond with "Yes to All" for any dialog box that is displayed. ///</summary> FOF_NOCONFIRMATION = 0x10, ///<summary> ///填充 hNameMappings 字段，必须使用 SHFreeNameMappings 释放 ///If FOF_RENAMEONCOLLISION is specified and any files were renamed, assign a name mapping object containing their old and new names to the hNameMappings member. ///</summary> FOF_WANTMAPPINGHANDLE = 0x20, ///<summary> ///允许撤销 ///Preserve Undo information, if possible. If pFrom does not contain fully qualified path and file names, this flag is ignored. ///</summary> FOF_ALLOWUNDO = 0x40, ///<summary> ///使用 *.* 时, 只对文件操作 ///Perform the operation on files only if a wildcard file name (*.*) is specified. ///</summary> FOF_FILESONLY = 0x80, ///<summary> ///简单进度条，意味着不显示文件名。 ///Display a progress dialog box but do not show the file names. ///</summary> FOF_SIMPLEPROGRESS = 0x100, ///<summary> ///建新目录时不需要用户确定 ///Do not confirm the creation of a new directory if the operation requires one to be created. ///</summary> FOF_NOCONFIRMMKDIR = 0x200, ///<summary> ///不显示出错用户界面 ///Do not display a user interface if an error occurs. ///</summary> FOF_NOERRORUI = 0x400, ///<summary> /// 不复制 NT 文件的安全属性 ///Do not copy the security attributes of the file. ///</summary> FOF_NOCOPYSECURITYATTRIBS = 0x800, ///<summary> /// 不递归目录 ///Only operate in the local directory. Don't operate recursively into subdirectories. ///</summary> FOF_NORECURSION = 0x1000, ///<summary> ///Do not move connected files as a group. Only move the specified files. ///</summary> FOF_NO_CONNECTED_ELEMENTS = 0x2000, ///<summary> ///Send a warning if a file is being destroyed during a delete operation rather than recycled. This flag partially overrides FOF_NOCONFIRMATION. ///</summary> FOF_WANTNUKEWARNING = 0x4000, ///<summary> ///Treat reparse points as objects, not containers. ///</summary> FOF_NORECURSEREPARSE = 0x8000, }
使用方法：
public static int Copy(string sourceFiles, string targetFiles) { SHFILEOPSTRUCT pm = new SHFILEOPSTRUCT(); pm.wFunc = wFunc.FO_COPY; //设置对话框标题，在win7中无效 pm.lpszProgressTitle = "复制文件"; pm.pFrom = sourceFiles; pm.pTo = targetFiles; pm.fFlags = FILEOP_FLAGS.FOF_NOCONFIRMATION | FILEOP_FLAGS.FOF_MULTIDESTFILES | FILEOP_FLAGS.FOF_ALLOWUNDO; return SHFileOperation(pm); }
返回值如果为0表示复制成功，非0表示出错，返回值代表意义可参看http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/bb762164(v=vs.85).aspx
这是复制一个文件的，那么如果需要复制多个文件呢？注意上面的pm.pFrom和pm.pTo这两个string属性，传入的字符串可以为多个文件，需要用’\0’作为两个文件路径的分隔符，最后要以’\0\0’（两个）作为结尾，然后还要注意pFrom和pTo文件个数应该一致；（关于使用’\0’分割，一开始我真是想到，试过用分号，逗号，回车符，发现都不行，后来还是看了MSDN才发现应该用’\0’的。）
如果你想要源为文件列表，目标为一个目录，那么，pTo就改成目录，同时要注意pm.fFlags就不要加上FILEOP_FLAGS.FOF_MULTIDESTFILES；
当然，SHFileOperation并不仅仅可以用于复制文件，从上面的wFunc枚举我们可以发现除了复制还有移动、删除、重命名的操作；使用方法也是大同小异。我将其封装于一个类中，并提供多种重载。
原来上传的附件有问题： ShellFileOperation.rar
请下载这个：ShellFileOperation(修正).rar 我封装的类里面使用到了IEnumerable<T>.Count()，这个需要using System.Linq;当然这个与主功能没关系，如果你使用Framework版本低于3.5，可以将IEnumerable<T>.Count()换成别的实现。感谢二楼“蜗牛往前走”的提示！
