Django基础

  • 创建django项目
django-admin startproject opsweb
  • Django项目目录结构介绍
opsweb/
├── manage.py
└── opsweb
    ├── asgi.py
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── settings.py
    ├── urls.py
    └── wsgi.py

最外层的opsweb/目录只是你项目的一个容器
manage.py 一个实用的命令行工具，可让你以各种方式与该 Django 项目进行交互
内层 opsweb/ 目录是你项目中的实际Python包。通过它你可以导入它里面的任何东西
opsweb/__init__.py: 一个空文件，告诉Python该目录是一个Python包
opsweb/settings.py: 该Django项目的配置文件
opsweb/urls.py: 该Django项目的 URL 声明
opsweb/wsgi.py: 一个WSGI兼容的Web服务器的入口

  • 启动服务
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
  • 新建Django app
  1. 新建一个名为dashboard的app
python manage.py startapp dashboard

         2.报错

 

(env) [root@ES-10-1-21-55-B28 opsweb]# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 864, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 122, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 206, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 214, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 14, in <module>
    from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as Database
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from sqlite3.dbapi2 import *
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.py", line 27, in <module>
    from _sqlite3 import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sqlite3'

         解决方法配置数据库

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'django',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '123456',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': 3306,
}
}

       启动服务后报错找不到mysql模块

(env) [root@ES-10-1-21-55-B28 opsweb]# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 864, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 122, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 206, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 214, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/root/mushi/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 20, in <module>
    ) from err
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

         配置init文件

 

(env) [root@ES-10-1-21-55-B28 opsweb]# cat opsweb/__init__.py 
import pymysql
pymysql.version_info = (1, 4, 13, "final", 0)
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

         3.配置url

      

from django.conf.urls import include, url
urlpatterns = [
... url(r'^dashboard/', include("dashboard.urls")),
]

           4.激活app

INSTALLED_APPS = (
……
’dashboard',
)
  •  编写视图
  1. 编辑app的vi dashboard/views.py文件
from django.http import HttpResponse 
def index(request):      #传入一个request对象，request对象由django创建的必须要传
return HttpResponse("Hello world !!!")

         2.配置url，在每个app目录下面有个urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'), #第一个参数:url 第二个参数:url对应的视图函数index  第三个参数:给url或者视图函数一个名字为index

         3.访问测试

 

posted @ 2021-01-11 14:38  李家琦  阅读(89)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报